scholarly journals A Single Dose of Goji Berries Does Not Affect Postprandial Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation in Healthy, Overweight Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. van den Driessche ◽  
Jogchum Plat ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Ronald P. Mensink
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Background and Aim. Increasing energy expenditure is an effective strategy for the prevention of obesity. In this respect, Lycium barbarum (goji berry) is of interest, as it has been shown to increase postprandial oxygen consumption. Although this suggests that energy expenditure was also increased, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation can only be assessed accurately when both oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are measured. We therefore investigated the effects of a single dose of Lycium barbarum fruit on postprandial energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. In addition, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism were measured. Methods. Seventeen healthy, overweight men received in a random order a meal containing 25 grams of dried Lycium barbarum fruit or a control meal matched for caloric content and macronutrient composition. Energy expenditure and the respiratory quotient were determined using indirect calorimetry before and up to 4 hours after meal intake. Blood was sampled before and after meal intake at regular intervals for analyses of plasma glucose, serum triacylglycerol, and free fatty acid concentrations. Results. Energy expenditure significantly increased after the Lycium barbarum and control meal, but no differences were found between the meals (p=0.217). Postprandial changes in respiratory quotient (p=0.719) and concentrations of glucose (p=0.663), triacylglycerol (p=0.391), and free fatty acids (p=0.287) were also not affected by Lycium barbarum intake. Conclusions. A single dose of Lycium barbarum does not affect postprandial energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and markers for lipid and glucose metabolism in healthy, overweight men.

scholarly journals Postabsorptive and Postprandial Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation Do Not Change during the Menstrual Cycle in Young Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 2531-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Melanson ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Robert Russell ◽  
Susan B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Effects of diacylglycerol on postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in healthy subjects

Nutrition ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Saito ◽  
Kazuichi Tomonobu ◽  
Tadashi Hase ◽  
Ichiro Tokimitsu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Psychophysiology of Yoga Postures

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani ◽  
Meena Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Made In

Asana (posture) is usually defined as a body posture held with stability and ease by Patanjali. Hathayoga Pradipika emphasises that asana helps bring about stability in health and suppleness of body. As intra-thoracic, intra-abdominal pressure-volume changes affect internal organs and systems, it is plausible that asanas produce changes through mechanisms both local as well as general. This chapter takes a look at various studies that have explored human physiology in relation to asana. Some examples are glucose metabolism, changes in energy expenditure, ventilatory responses, oxygen consumption as well as respiratory, neuromuscular and cardiovascular parameters. It also explores the neuromuscular reflex arcs dynamics that position asana as an excellent system to restore psychosomatic harmony and balance. It needs to be stressed that the actual efforts being made in asana are of a somato-psychic nature while benefits that accrue are of a psychosomatic nature. It is suggested that Hathayoga helps us evolve out of our primitive sub-human tendencies thus developing human and humane qualities.

Resistance Training and Energy Balance

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Poehlman ◽  
Christopher Melby
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy

In this brief review we examine the effects of resistance training on energy expenditure. The components of daily energy expenditure are described, and methods of measuring daily energy expenditure are discussed. Cross-sectional and exercise intervention studies are examined with respect to their effects on resting metabolic rate, physical activity energy expenditure, postexercise oxygen consumption, and substrate oxidation in younger and older individuals. Evidence is presented to suggest that although resistance training may elevate resting metabolic rate, il does not substantially enhance daily energy expenditure in free-living individuals. Several studies indicate that intense resistance exercise increases postexercise oxygen consumption and shifts substrate oxidation toward a greater reliance on fat oxidation. Preliminary evidence suggests that although resistance training increases muscular strength and endurance, its effects on energy balance and regulation of body weight appear to be primarily mediated by its effects on body composition (e.g., increasing fat-free mass) rather than by the direct energy costs of the resistance exercise.

Continuous versus single bolus enteral nutrition: comparison of energy metabolism in humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. E524-E529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Nacht ◽  
Y. Schutz ◽  
O. Vernet ◽  
L. Christin ◽  
E. Jequier
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Single Bolus ◽  
Single Bolus Dose ◽  
Nutrient Administration ◽  
Resting Energy

Continuous respiratory exchange measurements were performed on five women and five men for 1 h before and 6 h after the administration of a milkshake (53% carbohydrates, 30% lipid, and 17% protein energy) given either as a single bolus dose or continuously during 3 h using a nasogastric tube. The energy administered corresponded to 2.3 times the postabsorptive resting energy expenditure. Resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, plasma glucose, and insulin concentrations increased sooner and steeper, and plasma free fatty acids levels decreased earlier with the meal ingested as a single dose than with continuous administration. The magnitude of nutrient-induced thermogenesis was greater (P less than 0.01) with the single dose (means +/- SE, 10.0 +/- 0.6%) than with the continuous administration (8.1 +/- 0.5%). The overall (6 h) substrate balances were not significantly different between the two modes of administration. It is concluded that the mode of enteral nutrient administration influences the immediate thermogenic response as well as changes in respiratory quotient, glycemia, and insulinemia; however, the overall nutrient balance was not affected by the mode of enteral nutrient administration.

scholarly journals Hypoxic Exposure Increases Energy Expenditure by Increasing Carbohydrate Oxidation in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yeram Park ◽  
Deunsol Hwang ◽  
Hun-Young Park ◽  
Jisu Kim ◽  
Kiwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hypoxic Condition ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Aims. Hypoxic exposure improves glucose metabolism. We investigated to validate the hypothesis that carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation could increase in mice exposed to severe hypoxic conditions. Methods. Seven-week-old male ICR mice (n=16) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) was kept in normoxic condition (fraction of inspired O2=21%) and the hypoxia group (HYP) was exposed to hypoxic condition (fraction of inspired O2=12%, ≈altitude of 4,300 m). The CON group was pair-fed with the HYP group. After 3 weeks of hypoxic exposure, we measured respiratory metabolism (energy expenditure and substrate utilization) at normoxic conditions for 24 hours using an open-circuit calorimetry system. In addition, we investigated changes in carbohydrate mechanism-related protein expression, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and regulator of the genes involved in energy metabolism (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC1α) in soleus muscle. Results. Energy expenditure (EE) and CHO oxidation over 24 hours were higher in the HYP group by approximately 15% and 34% (p<0.001), respectively. Fat oxidation was approximately 29% lower in the HYP group than the CON group (p<0.01). Body weight gains were significantly lower in the HYP group than in the CON group (CON vs. HYP; 1.9±0.9 vs. −0.3±0.9; p<0.001). Hypoxic exposure for 3 weeks significantly reduced body fat by approximately 42% (p<0.001). PDH and PGC1α protein levels were significantly higher in the HYP group (p<0.05). Additionally, HK2 was approximately 21% higher in the HYP group. Conclusions. Hypoxic exposure might significantly enhance CHO oxidation by increasing the expression of PDH and HK2. This investigation can be useful for patients with impaired glucose metabolism, such as those with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat Chain Length, Saturation, and PUFA Source Acutely Affect Diet-Induced Thermogenesis but Not Satiety in Adults in a Randomized, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2615
Author(s):  
Bret M. Rust ◽  
Susan K. Raatz ◽  
Shanon L. Casperson ◽  
Sara E. Duke ◽  
Matthew J. Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Structural differences in dietary fatty acids modify their rate of oxidation and effect on satiety, endpoints that may influence the development of obesity. This study tests the hypothesis that meals containing fat sources with elevated unsaturated fats will result in greater postprandial energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and satiety than meals containing fats with greater saturation. In a randomized, 5-way crossover design, healthy men and women (n = 23; age: 25.7 ± 6.6 years; BMI: 27.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2) consumed liquid meals containing 30 g of fat from heavy cream (HC), olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SFO), flaxseed oil (FSO), and fish oil (FO). Energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were determined by metabolic rate over a 240 min postprandial period. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol (TAG) were assessed. DIT induced by SFO was 5% lower than HC and FO (p = 0.04). Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation did not differ between fat sources. Postprandial TAG concentrations were significantly affected by fat source (p = 0.0001). Varying fat sources by the degree of saturation and PUFA type modified DIT but not satiety responses in normal to obese adult men and women.

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