Effects of diacylglycerol on postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in healthy subjects

Background and Aim. Increasing energy expenditure is an effective strategy for the prevention of obesity. In this respect, Lycium barbarum (goji berry) is of interest, as it has been shown to increase postprandial oxygen consumption. Although this suggests that energy expenditure was also increased, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation can only be assessed accurately when both oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are measured. We therefore investigated the effects of a single dose of Lycium barbarum fruit on postprandial energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. In addition, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism were measured. Methods. Seventeen healthy, overweight men received in a random order a meal containing 25 grams of dried Lycium barbarum fruit or a control meal matched for caloric content and macronutrient composition. Energy expenditure and the respiratory quotient were determined using indirect calorimetry before and up to 4 hours after meal intake. Blood was sampled before and after meal intake at regular intervals for analyses of plasma glucose, serum triacylglycerol, and free fatty acid concentrations. Results. Energy expenditure significantly increased after the Lycium barbarum and control meal, but no differences were found between the meals (p=0.217). Postprandial changes in respiratory quotient (p=0.719) and concentrations of glucose (p=0.663), triacylglycerol (p=0.391), and free fatty acids (p=0.287) were also not affected by Lycium barbarum intake. Conclusions. A single dose of Lycium barbarum does not affect postprandial energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and markers for lipid and glucose metabolism in healthy, overweight men.

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Postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient during early and late pregnancy

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/40.6.1258 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1258-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

L E Nagy ◽

J C King

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Postprandial Energy Expenditure

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Increased postprandial energy expenditure may explain superior long term weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared to vertical banded gastroplasty.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718006723.793477607 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ian Beales

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Vertical Banded Gastroplasty ◽

Banded Gastroplasty ◽

Postprandial Energy Expenditure

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Dietary Fat Chain Length, Saturation, and PUFA Source Acutely Affect Diet-Induced Thermogenesis but Not Satiety in Adults in a Randomized, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2615

Author(s):

Bret M. Rust ◽

Susan K. Raatz ◽

Shanon L. Casperson ◽

Sara E. Duke ◽

Matthew J. Picklo

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Postprandial Period ◽

Men And Women ◽

Adult Men ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Structural Differences ◽

Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽

Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Structural differences in dietary fatty acids modify their rate of oxidation and effect on satiety, endpoints that may influence the development of obesity. This study tests the hypothesis that meals containing fat sources with elevated unsaturated fats will result in greater postprandial energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and satiety than meals containing fats with greater saturation. In a randomized, 5-way crossover design, healthy men and women (n = 23; age: 25.7 ± 6.6 years; BMI: 27.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2) consumed liquid meals containing 30 g of fat from heavy cream (HC), olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SFO), flaxseed oil (FSO), and fish oil (FO). Energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were determined by metabolic rate over a 240 min postprandial period. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol (TAG) were assessed. DIT induced by SFO was 5% lower than HC and FO (p = 0.04). Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation did not differ between fat sources. Postprandial TAG concentrations were significantly affected by fat source (p = 0.0001). Varying fat sources by the degree of saturation and PUFA type modified DIT but not satiety responses in normal to obese adult men and women.

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Effect of raw and encapsulated policosanol on lipid profiles, blood biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism of adult cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x211013738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1098612X2110137

Author(s):

James R Templeman ◽

Kylie Hogan ◽

Alexandra Blanchard ◽

Christopher PF Marinangeli ◽

Alexandra Camara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Blood Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Activity Energy

Objectives The objective of this study was to verify the safety of policosanol supplementation for domestic cats. The effects of raw and encapsulated policosanol were compared with positive (L-carnitine) and negative (no supplementation) controls on outcomes of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and physical activity in healthy young adult cats. Methods The study was a replicated 4 × 4 complete Latin square design. Eight cats (four castrated males, four spayed females; mean age 3.0 ± 1.0 years; mean weight 4.36 ± 1.08 kg; mean body condition score 5.4 ± 1.4) were blocked by sex and body weight then randomized to treatment groups: raw policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight), encapsulated policosanol (50 mg/kg body weight), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg body weight) or no supplementation. Treatments were supplemented to a basal diet for 28 days with a 1-week washout between periods. Food was distributed equally between two offerings to ensure complete supplement consumption (first offering) and measure consumption time (second offering). Blood collection (lipid profile, complete blood count, serum biochemistry) and indirect calorimetry (energy expenditure, respiratory quotient) were conducted at days 0, 14 and 28 of each period. Activity monitors were worn 7 days prior to indirect calorimetry and blood collection. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model (SAS, v.9.4). Results Food intake and body weight were similar among treatments. There was no effect of treatment on lipid profile, serum biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure or respiratory quotient ( P >0.05); however, time to consume a second meal was greatest in cats fed raw policosanol ( P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance These data suggest that policosanol is safe for feline consumption. Further studies with cats demonstrating cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted to confirm whether policosanol therapy is an efficacious treatment for hyperlipidemia and obesity.

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Total peptide YY is a correlate of postprandial energy expenditure but not of appetite or energy intake in healthy women

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2008.05.017 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 1458-1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Éric Doucet ◽

Manon Laviolette ◽

Pascal Imbeault ◽

Irene Strychar ◽

Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Postprandial Energy Expenditure

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Physical capacity, respiratory quotient and energy expenditure during exercise in male patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.06.007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B.M. Nilsson ◽

R.M. Olsson ◽

A. Öman ◽

F.-A. Wiesel ◽

L. Ekselius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Physical Capacity ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Uptake Capacity ◽

Everyday Activity ◽

Male Patients

AbstractBackgroundDespite massive research on weight gain and metabolic complications in schizophrenia there are few studies on energy expenditure and no current data on physical capacity.AimTo determine oxygen uptake capacity, respiratory quotient (RQ) and energy expenditure during a submaximal exercise test in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.MethodTen male patients and 10 controls were included. RQ and energy expenditure were investigated with indirect calorimetry during a cycle ergometer test. The submaximal work level was defined by heart rate and perceived exhaustion. Physical capacity was determined from predicted maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO2-max).ResultsThe patients exhibited significantly higher RQ on submaximal workloads and lower physical capacity. A significant lower calculated VO2-max remained after correction for body weight and fat free mass (FFM). Energy expenditure did not differ on fixed workloads.ConclusionRQ was rapidly increasing in the patients during exercise indicating a faster transition to carbohydrate oxidation and anaerobic metabolism that also implies a performance closer to maximal oxygen uptake even at submaximal loads. This may restrict the capacity for everyday activity and exercise and thus contribute to the risk for weight gain. Physical capacity was consequently significantly lower in the patients.

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Introduction of adult cats to indirect calorimetry respiration chambers causes increased energy expenditure and respiratory quotient that decrease following acclimation

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.20.10.0185 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kylie Hogan ◽

Nicholas Genova ◽

James R. Templeman ◽

Adronie Verbrugghe ◽

Anna K. Shoveller

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Home Environment ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Significant Variable ◽

Level Energy ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Space Restriction

Abstract OBJECTIVE To replicate a previously defined behavioral procedure to acclimate adult cats to temporary restriction in indirect calorimetry chambers and measure energy expenditure and respiratory quotient changes during acclimation. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult cats (4 spayed females, and 4 neutered males; mean ± SEM age, 2.5 ± 1.5 years; mean body weight, 4.8 ± 1.8 kg). PROCEDURES Cats underwent a 13-week incremental acclimation procedure whereby cats were acclimated to the chambers in their home environment (weeks 1 to 3), to the study room (weeks 4 to 6), and to increasing lengths of restriction within their home environment (weeks 7 to 8) and the chambers (weeks 9 to 13). Cat stress score, respiratory rate, fearfulness (assessed with a novel object test), energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient were measured. Data were analyzed by use of a repeated-measures mixed model. RESULTS Stress, based on cat stress scores, fearfulness, and respiration, peaked at weeks 4, 9, and 10 but returned to baseline levels by week 11. Energy expenditure and respiratory quotient peaked at weeks 10 and 11, respectively, but were reduced significantly by weeks 11 and 13, respectively. All cats returned to baseline by the end of the study and were deemed fully acclimated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in perceived stress level, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient at various stages of the acclimation procedure suggest that stress should be considered a significant variable in energy balance measurements when indirect calorimetry is used in cats. An incremental acclimation procedure should therefore be used to prepare cats for the temporary space restriction necessary for indirect calorimetry studies.

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