scholarly journals Southern Exposure: Lived Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p44
Author(s):  
James H. Johnson, Jr. ◽  
Allan M. Parnell ◽  
Jeanne Milliken Bonds
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Family Members ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Personal Exposures ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Study Participants

The COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc and disrupted the lives of low-income individuals and families throughout a state in the southeast region of the U.S. Many of the disruptions were shared by all, including isolation-induced mental health issues, adjustments to safety protocols, and financial challenges. Sone lost jobs. Some left jobs to protect family members. Some had major housing issues. Those with school-age children had multiple challenges, including access, reliability, and cost of broadband to support virtual learning; the inability to maintain or return to work because of children at home; and loss of free-and reduced meals at schools. Attitudes about vaccination varied considerably, with some adamantly refusing to be vaccinated, while others acknowledged uncertainty, but hesitatingly sought the vaccines. Others were eager to be vaccinated. Despite personal exposures and familial losses, study participants demonstrated great resiliency, creating ways to keep food on the table, supporting family and friends, finding the positive in having more time with children and other family members, and continuing to search for a way forward throughout the pandemic.

scholarly journals Xerophthalmia and Its Associated Factors among School-Age Children in Amba Giorgis Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gizachew Tilahun Belete ◽  
Assefa Lake Fenta ◽  
Mohammed Seid Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction. Xerophthalmia is a general term applied to all the ocular manifestations from night blindness through complete corneal destruction (keratomalacia) due to vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia is the main contributing factors for childhood blindness in developing countries. However, there is limited evidence that can implicate the current situation. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school-age children in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 children, age range of 6 to 12 years. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and ophthalmic examination with different ophthalmic instruments. The analyzed result was summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with xerophthalmia. Variables with a p value of <0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 484 study participants with a response rate of 98.8 were involved in this study, and their median age was 8 years with IQR of 4 years. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was 8.26% (95% CI: 5.8, 10.7). Family income less than 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.31, 16.4), presence of febrile illness (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.49, 6.11), poor consumption of fruits and vegetables (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.30, 7.80), and nonimmunized status (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.49, 7.89) were significantly associated with xerophthalmia. Conclusions and recommendations. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was high as compared to the World Health Organization criteria for public health significance. Factors identified for xerophthalmia in this study are low income, the poor dietary practice of fruits and vegetables, and the presence of febrile illness and not immunized. Hence, it is a public problem that needs attention.

scholarly journals Interaction of Teachers and Family in Upbringing of Senior Pre-School Age Children Through Fiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
L. Shkrebtiienko
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Knowledge ◽  
Teachers And Parents

Based on the analysis of philosophical, psychologically-pedagogical sources the essence and structure of such notions as “patriotic feelings”,” upbringing of patriotic feelings of senior pre-school age children” is specified. Peculiarities of the upbringing of senior pre-school age children’s patriotic feelings using fiction are determined. Based on the analysis and generalization of the researches of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists such components in the structure of the notion“ upbringing of the patriotic feelings“ are selected: cognitive (knowledge about Motherland, symbolic, symbols, traditions), emotionally-valuable (positive attitude to the family, Motherland native language), behavioural (readiness for compassion and empathy for family members, a wish to follow positive behaviour of literary characters in the own livelihoods. As a result of generalization of the researches of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists, it was determined that upbringing of patriotic feelings of the pre-school age children who understand the responsibility for their behaviour is a practical aspect of the manifestation of patriotic behaviour which is realized through moral behaviour and responsibility. This article reveals peculiarities of the interaction of teachers and family in the education of patriotic feelings of children of the senior pre-school age. Principles of activation of the interaction of teachers and family members in the upbringing of patriotic feelings of the pre-school age children using fiction are illuminated, scientific background of the notion “interaction” is characterized, namely: establishing of trustful business contacts with pupils families; providing parents with psychologically-pedagogical information; using fiction as means of the upbringing of patriotic feelings; ensuring regular interaction of children, teachers and parents; attracting family members to the pedagogical process; creating of a subject and the emotionally developmental environment in the family. Directions, forms and methods of the upbringing of patriotic feelings of the pre-school age children using fiction are determined.

scholarly journals Contact With Nature as a Mental Health Buffer for Lower Income Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber L. Pearson ◽  
Teresa Horton ◽  
Karin A. Pfeiffer ◽  
Rachel Buxton ◽  
Joseph Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Perceived Access

Despite a growing number of research outputs on the importance of nature contact during the COVID-19 pandemic, we know of no longitudinal research conducted prior to and during the pandemic among low-income and minority ethnicity populations, i.e., those that might be most affected. Furthermore, we have scant information about how and to what degree contact with nature might protect mental health or mitigate worsening of mental health during the pandemic. We filled these gaps using a subset of a longitudinal study of n = 86 individuals in low-income, predominantly African American, neighborhoods in Detroit, MI, USA. The study addressed the following research questions: (1) did self-reported use and perceived value of nature change during, vs. prior to, the pandemic; (2) did perceived access to outdoor spaces buffer people against mental health issues such as stress, anxiety and depression symptoms; or (3) did objectively measured quality of nature views from home buffer people against mental health issues, taking into account relevant covariates and pandemic experiences (e.g., loss of employment, death of a friend/relative)? While attitudes to nature improved slightly from pre- to during the pandemic, we also observed significant decreases in most types of outdoor physical activity and passive enjoyment of nature (e.g., smelling plants/rain). We found a positive association between visibility of greenspace and perceived stress and anxiety, which not only contradicts previous research findings, but was especially surprising given that overall there was a decrease in perceived stress from 2019–2020. We did not detect associations between perceived access/use of nature and mental health. However, higher depressive symptoms were associated with exposure to more COVID-19-related stressors (lost employment, death of friends from COVID-19, etc.). Taken together, our results indicate that COVID-19 may serve to prolong or exacerbate mental health issues, rather than create them, in this population and that low quality greenspace may perhaps limit the ability for nature view to buffer mental health during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Breakfast and its relationship to the curriculum daily diet of school-age children

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Family Members ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Eating Breakfast ◽  
Neglected Children ◽  
Relevant Factors

The breakfast key components of good nutrition and a large proportion of pupils to Ataatnol her breakfast at home and increase the failure rate breakfast increase the child's age research aims to study the importance of breakfast and emphasize the need to contain aggregates of basic food and its relationship to the curriculum daily diet and its impact on the balance of proteins, fats in food daily as well as the effect of some relevant factors such as the mother's level of education and the number of family members and summarized the most important results in that the percentage of 15.6% Neglected children eating breakfast as well as afternoon that Almaah percentages of calories coming from protein and fat at breakfast .....

Rare Vocabulary Production in School-Age Narrators From Low-Income Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Mahurin-Smith ◽  
Monique T. Mills ◽  
Rong Chang
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
American English ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
African American English ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Language Sample

Purpose This study was designed to assess the utility of a tool for automated analysis of rare vocabulary use in the spoken narratives of a group of school-age children from low-income communities. Method We evaluated personal and fictional narratives from 76 school-age children from low-income communities ( M age = 9;3 [years;months]). We analyzed children's use of rare vocabulary in their narratives, with the goal of evaluating relationships among rare vocabulary use, performance on standardized language tests, language sample measures, sex, and use of African American English. Results Use of rare vocabulary in school-age children is robustly correlated with established language sample measures. Male sex was also significantly associated with more frequent rare vocabulary use. There was no association between rare vocabulary use and use of African American English. Discussion Evaluation of rare vocabulary use in school-age children may be a culturally fair assessment strategy that aligns well with existing language sample measures.

Abstract MP34: In Praise of Demanding Parenting: The Effects of Parenting Style and Poverty on Obesity Risk in Children: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Tracie Barnett ◽  
Gilles Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Familial Influences

Background: One-quarter of children are already overweight or obese when they enter preschool, underscoring a critical need to improve our understanding of childhood determinants of health, including both sociodemographic (such as poverty) and social-familial influences (such as parenting style), as well as how these determinants may interact with one another. Objective: To examine the effects of parenting style on the risk of obesity in youth and determine if poverty is a mediator or moderator for this association. Methods: Participants (age 0-11) were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), a representative cross-sectional survey of youth collected bi-annually (1994-2008) throughout Canada. Factor analysis identified 4 parenting styles consistent with Baumrind’s theory of authoritative (demanding and responsive), authoritarian (demanding but not responsive), permissive (responsive but not demanding), and negligent (not demanding and not responsive) parenting control prototypes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the risk of a child being obese (BMI percentile ≥ 97.7 th compared to age- and sex-specific WHO growth curves) based on parenting style after adjusting for age, sex, parental education, immigration status, family functioning score, birth order, and maternal age. Analyses were stratified by age (younger: 2-5 years of age, n=19,026; school-age: 6-11 years of age, n=18,551) due to age-related differences in parenting styles. Mediation or moderation by poverty (household income < low income cut-offs adjusted for household size and geographic region) was assessed. Analyses used sampling and bootstrap weights. Results: Younger children’s parents were primarily authoritative (42%, n=7357), followed by negligent (22%, n=3763), permissive (20%, n=3436), and authoritarian (16%, n=4470). Parenting styles in school-age children were similar (authoritative: 32%, n=7195, negligent: 31%, n=5586, permissive: 22%, n=3850, authoritarian: 15%, n=1920). In multivariable analyses, compared to authoritative parenting, younger and school-age children with authoritarian parents were 30% (95% CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.0002) and 37% (CI: 1.1-1.7, p=0.006) more likely to be obese, respectively. In younger children, poverty moderated this association: authoritarian and negligent parenting was associated with 39% (CI: 1.2-1.6, p<0.0001) and 28% (CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.002) increased risk of obesity, respectively, only among the children not living in poverty. In school-age children, poverty was not a mediator or moderator. Conclusions: Parenting style is associated with a child’s risk of obesity but is moderated by poverty in younger children. Successful strategies to combat childhood obesity need to reflect the independent and interactive effects of sociodemographic and social-familial influences on health especially in early childhood.

The significance of grit from social support and health determinants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Whitney Key ◽  
Jang Ho Park ◽  
Philip Young P Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
School Age ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Employment Goals

Non-cognitive skills are known to be influenced by the environment, especially regarding health and social support. One emerging non-cognitive skill is grit that can be defined as a success measure among low-income adults. It has been studied mostly among school-age children as it relates to academic success however little attention has paid to grit in workforce development. This is important to recognize as two identifiers for workforce success are social support and health. This paper aims to investigate the effects of health and social support on grit. Regression analysis was completed on 520 low-income, job seeking adults. A series of multiple regression results indicate that social support and health—physical, emotional, and general—have statistically significant independently and combined effects on grit. This finding is important for workforce development practitioners to understand when working with job seeking clients who are having difficulty in demonstrating the necessary tenacity to continue the path to achieve employment goals. 

The Evaluation of a Personal Narrative Language Intervention for School-Age Children With Down Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Finestack ◽  
Katy H. O'Brien ◽  
Jolene Hyppa-Martin ◽  
Kristen A. Lyrek
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
School Age ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an intervention focused on improving personal narrative skills of school-age children with Down syndrome (DS) using an approach involving visual supports. Four females with DS, ages 10 through 15 years, participated in this multiple baseline across participants single-subject experimental design study. Participants completed 18 intervention sessions that targeted personal narrative goals. Parents completed a survey regarding their perspectives of the intervention. Two participants made small treatment gains in mean length of utterance. One participant had small to medium gains on all macrostructural measures. Parent perspectives were positive. Results support the feasibility of personal narrative interventions for individuals with DS when visual support is provided.

scholarly journals Responding to rural adversity: a qualitative study of alcohol and other drug service users’ experiences of service response to COVID-19 in Western Australia’s Southwest

2021 ◽  
pp. 103985622110361
Author(s):  
Mathew Coleman ◽  
Michael Taran ◽  
Beatriz Cuesta-Briand
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study reports on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lived experiences of people with substance use problems in accessing services in the Southwest region of Western Australia, and its implications for preparedness in a context of rural adversity. Method This was a qualitative study informed by the principles of phenomenology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and subjected to thematic analysis. Results Twenty-two participants were interviewed. Two main themes were identified: disruption to supportive connections; and bridging the connection gap: local service response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions exacerbated social isolation and mental health issues, and disrupted services and treatment in the Southwest. Our results demonstrate that local alcohol and other drug services in rural areas can successfully respond to crises by assertively and flexibly adapting their service provision.

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