Does Arterial Hypertension Affect Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease? A Preliminary Study

Background. Arterial hypertension (HT) is a serious and prevalent epidemiological factor in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their natural endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of HT and its complications. MMPs are also involved in the development of diabetes (DM), a risk factor for CAD. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of CAD, HT, and DM on changes in plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitor TIMP-4. Methods and Results. The study involved 70 patients with stable CAD admitted for coronary angiography and 15 healthy subjects. Whole blood samples were collected prior to angiography. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 levels in plasma were estimated using ELISA tests. CAD patients showed a significantly increased level of TIMP-4 and decreased level of MMP-2 in comparison to healthy controls (p=0.011 and p=0.037, respectively). Concentration of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 did not differ in the group with and without hypertension. Patients with DM presented higher MMP-2 level than patients without DM (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis of the influence of independent variables such as CAD stage, DM, and HT on MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 showed that only DM was independently associated with a higher level of MMP-2 (β = 0.42, R2 = 0.17, p<0.001). Conclusion. Data showed that patients with CAD presented higher TIMP-4 and lower MMP-2 concentration regardless of HT and DM. HT had no effect on MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 levels in serum. DM was independently associated with higher MMP-2 concentration; however, co-occurrence of CAD and DM was associated with the balance in the MMP-2 level. Concentration of MMP-9 did not change significantly in any of the analysed groups.

Download Full-text

Plasma EMMPRIN levels in acute myocardial infarction and stable coronary artery disease

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v39i3.26796 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehmet N Akkus ◽

Adil Ormam ◽

Sabri Seyis ◽

Çagdas Baran ◽

Aysegül Görür ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

St Elevation ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the plasma levels of soluble extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) differed among the patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and the healthy controls, and to identify the factors associated with the differences in plasma levels of this this protein among patients in these groups. Methods: Plasma EMMPRIN levels were compared among four age- and sex-matched groups of patients with STEMI, NSTEMI and stable CAD and healthy controls (n=44 per group), then logistic regression and correlation analyses were conducted for the whole acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients group. Results: EMMPRIN levels were significantly higher in the STEMI (39.4±9.2ng/mL) and NSTEMI (37.1±10.5ng/mL) groups than in either the stable CAD (27.5±4.7ng/mL) or control (24.5±5.8ng/mL) groups (p

Download Full-text

Hyperuricemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension and percutaneous coronary interventions

Consilium Medicum ◽

10.26442/20751753.2020.12.200555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 20-22

Author(s):

Olga Iu. Mironova ◽

◽

Viktor V. Fomin ◽

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Aim. To assess the influence of hyperuricemia on the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. Patients receiving optimal medical therapy and with indications for coronary angiography and possible coronary angioplasty, with stable CAD and arterial hypertension were included in the study. We conducted an observational open prospective cohort study, that was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT04014153. Results. We included 1023 patients with chronic CAD. 863 had arterial hypertension. Hyperuricemia was diagnosed in 31 patients, 832 had normal levels of uric acid on admission. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury developed in 2 (6.5%) patients suffering from hyperuricemia. In patients with stable CAD, AH and no hyperuricemia the rate of CI-AKI was 107 (12.9%) patients. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (95% CI -0.056–0.183, р=0.292). We built a multiple linear regression model that included age, weight, female gender, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, kidney diseases in past medical history, protei-nuria, anemia, baseline glomerular filtration rate, contrast volume and difference between baseline creatinine and creatinine after contrast administration. No risk factor showed any statistical significance in the model. Conclusion. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury developed in 2 (6.5%) patients suffering from hyperuricemia. The rate of CI-AKI in patients without hyperuricemia was twice higher but the results were not statistically significant. Among the risk factors included in the multiple linear regression model none was statistically significant.

Download Full-text

Prognostic value of serum soluble ST2 in stable coronary artery disease: a prospective observational study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94714-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hack-Lyoung Kim ◽

Jung Pyo Lee ◽

Nathan Wong ◽

Woo-Hyun Lim ◽

Jae-Bin Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Soluble St2 ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

AbstractThe role of ST2 in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yet been well defined. This study was performed to investigate baseline serum soluble ST2 (sST2) level can predict clinical outcomes in patients with stable CAD. A total of 388 consecutive patients with suspected CAD (65 years and 63.7% male) in stable condition referred for elective invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was prospectively recruited. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization (90 days after ICA), and ischemic stroke during clinical follow-up was assessed. Most of the patients (88.0%) had significant CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%). During median follow-up of 834 days, there was 29 case of MACE (7.5%). The serum sST2 level was significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without (47.3 versus 30.6 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In multiple Cox regression model, higher sST2 level (≥ 26.8 ng/ml) was an independent predictor of MACE even after controlling potential confounders (hazard ratio, 13.7; 95% confidence interval 1.80–104.60; P = 0.011). The elevated level of baseline sST2 is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events in stable CAD patients. Studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.

Download Full-text

Abstract 177: Interleukin 17 and Coronary Stenosis in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.177 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dinaldo Oliveira ◽

Elaine Heide ◽

Maira Pita ◽

Danielle A Oliveira ◽

Ricardo Pontes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Angiography ◽

Coronary Stenosis ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Myocardial Revascularization ◽

Interleukin 17 ◽

Left Circumflex Artery ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Introduction: The role of the immune and inflammatory pathways in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is important but not complete understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate concentrations of the interleukins 17 (IL 17) according to severity of coronary stenosis in patients with stable CAD Hypothesis: There is no association between severity of coronary stenosis and IL 17 in patients with stable CAD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study, conducted from january to september, 2013. We included 40 patients (P) with stable CAD, CCS III or IV, ischemic myocardial scintigraphy, who had not been subjected to any kind of myocardial revascularization and with coronary stenosis ≥ 50% according to current coronary angiography. There were 20 healthy volunteers (C), to take up comparison of concentrations of IL 17. Interleukins were evaluated in serum of patients and after 48 hours of cells in culture with and without stimulus. IL 17 A concentrations were expressed in pg / ml. Coronary stenosis were classified as severe (> 70%) [SS] and intermediate (50 - 69%) [MS] according to coronary angiography. Results: Stenosis ≥ 50% were found in the anterior descending artery in 31 patients, in the left circumflex artery in 19 patients, and in the right coronary artery in 24 patients. No cases of stenosis were observed in the left main. Eighteen patients (45%) had single-artery disease, 8 patients (20%) had two-artery disease, and 14 patients (35%) had multiarterial disease. The comparison between the groups showed: IL 17: Serum: P with SS = 3.91 (3.91 -- 72.27) vs P with MS = 3.91 (3.91 -- 3.91) vs C = 3.91 (3.91 -- 28.8), p = 0.53; culture 48 hours without stimulus: P with SS = 3.91 (3.91 -- 3.91) vs P with MS = 3.91 (3.91 -- 86.8) vs C = 3.91 (3.91 -- 53.3), p = 0.55; culture 48 hours with stimulus: P with SS = 241.8 (3.91 -- 2200) vs P with MS = 217.5 (3.91 -- 1346) vs C = 154.3 (3.91 -- 1353), p = 0.7. Conclusions: There were no differences in concentrations of IL 17 according to severity of coronary stenosis, does not matter in serum or cell in culture. In conclusion, there was no association between severity of coronary stenosis and IL 17 in patients with stable CAD

Download Full-text

Abstract 2872: Interleukin-18/interleukin-10 Ratio is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_639-c ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Paulo V Camargo ◽

Raquel M Roman ◽

Ana Paula W Rossini ◽

Anderson Dedonelli ◽

Steffan F Stella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vascular Event ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Background: The balance between pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 has been suggested to play a role in atherogenesis and in the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients have a pro-inflammatory profile prior to an acute event. Methods : A case-control study nested in a cohort of stable CAD patients was performed. Patients were consecutively included and blood samples collected at 3-months intervals. Cases were patients who presented any vascular event (death, ACS, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial occlusion and revascularization) and controls were retrieved from a sequential list, in a 1:2 ratio, after 22 ± 9 months of follow-up. Serum hs-CRP, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18 were measured in two serial samples, collected before the events. Results : Among 176 CAD patients, 42 developed a vascular event (cases) and 76 were selected to the control group. Serum levels of IL-18 were significantly higher among cases (411 ± 185 vs. 340 ± 133pg/ml; p = 0.037). Hs-CRP levels (5.4 vs. 5.1mg/l), IL-10 (7.4 vs. 7.2pg/ml), and IL-18/IL-10 ratio (66 vs. 61) were not different between cases and controls in both samples. Cox regression analysis showed that IL-18 levels (HR 1.75 (0.89 –3.5;p = 0.11) and IL-18/IL-10 ratio (HR 1.97; 1.0 –3.8) were predictors of worse prognosis (Figure ). Conclusion: In this study, IL-18 and IL-18/IL-10 ratio were associated with clinical outcomes and support the hypothesis that the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be an important determinant of vascular events in stable CAD patients.

Download Full-text

Abstract 275: Interleukins 17th and 22th in Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a275 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dinaldo Oliveira ◽

Maira R Pitta ◽

Ivan R Pitta ◽

Elayne Heide ◽

Viviane R Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Myocardial Revascularization ◽

Myocardial Scintigraphy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Introduction: The role of the immune and inflammatory pathways in coronary artery disease (CAD) is important but not complete understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate expressions of the interleukins 17th and 22th in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Hypothesis: Interleukins 17th and 22th are not increased in stable CAD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study, conducted from August to December 2012. We included 40 patients (P) with stable CAD, CCS III or IV, ischemic myocardial scintigraphy, who had not been subjected to any kind of myocardial revascularization and with coronary stenosis equal or major than 50% according to current coronary angiography. There were 20 healthy volunteers (C), to take up comparison of expression of interleukins (IL). We evaluated the levels of IL 17th and 22th of the patients and controls. Interleukins were evaluated in serum of patients and after 48 hours of cells in culture with and without stimulus. IL concentrations were expressed in pg / ml. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney or Student t test. P ≤ 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 26 men and 14 women in the group of the patients and 12 men and 8 women in the controls. The age was similar between the groups (63.2 ± 8.9 years vs 57.9 ± 9.4, p = ns). The comparison between the groups showed: Interleukin 17th: Serum: P = 3.9 (972.2 -- 2.93) vs C = 3.90 (28.8 -- 1.74), p = 0.5; culture 48 hours without stimulus: P = 3.90 (3.90 -- 3.90) vs C = 6.37 (3.90 - 11), p = 0.8; culture 48 hours with stimulus: P = 302.42 (2200 -- 3.90) vs C = 815 (1353 -- 3.90), p = 0.06. Interleukin 22th: Serum: P = 15.62 (64.72 -- 15.62) vs C = 15.62 (121 -- 15.62), p = 0.2; Culture 48 hours without stimulus: P = 11 (128.93 -- 7.81) vs C = 7.81 (7.81 -- 7.81), P = 0.8; Culture 48 hours with stimulus: P = 135 (2486.7 -- 7, 81) vs C = 322.86 (1319.11 -- 7.81), p = 0.4. Conclusions: There were no differences in concentrations of interleukins, but the trend of higher expression of the IL 17th in the controls after cell culture with stimulus. In conclusion, in patients with stable CAD the interleukins 17th and 22th did not exhibit increased concentrations.

Download Full-text

3294Frequency, management and outcomes of patients with stable coronary artery disease eligible for COMPASS. An analysis of the CLARIFY registry

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Darmon ◽

G Ducrocq ◽

A Jasilek ◽

J M Juliard ◽

E Sorbets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Score ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Real Life ◽

Bleeding Risk ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Abstract Background The COMPASS trial demonstrated that a combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin improved cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in high-risk patients with either peripheral artery disease (PAD) or stable coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with aspirin alone, at the price of increased bleeding. A previous analysis of the REACH Registry reported an eligibility rate of 52.9% within a population with stable vascular disease. However, most of cardiologists actually treat patients with stable CAD, rather than PAD. Data regarding eligibility to COMPASS in CAD patients from real life practice are scarce. Purpose We aimed to describe the proportion of patients eligible to COMPASS within the CLARIFY Registry. Additionally, we aimed to describe their management and outcomes, comparing patients excluded from the trial (COMPASS Excluded), patients eligible for the trial (COMPASS Eligible), and patients who did not meet the “enrichment criteria” for enrolment (COMPASS Not Included). Methods We used the CLARIFY Registry, an international observational registry of more than 30.000 patients with stable CAD. In accordance with COMPASS exclusion criteria, patients with a REACH bleeding risk score >10, heart failure (HF), severe renal insufficiency, need for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), or anticoagulant (AC) therapy were excluded. Then, COMPASS inclusion criteria were applied: CAD patients had to be 65 years or more, or, if younger, have documented atherosclerosis (PAD or revascularization involving at least two vascular beds) or at least two enrichment criteria (current smoker, diabetes mellitus, GFR <60 mL/min, or non lacunar ischemic stroke).The ischemic outcome was a composite of CV death, MI, or stroke and bleeding outcome was a composite of bleeding leading to either admission or transfusion, or haemorrhagic stroke. Results Among 15.185 patients with comprehensive data allowing precise assessment of eligibility, 43.1% (n=6.540) had at least one exclusion criteria (COMPASS-Excluded), 23.1% (n=3.503) did not have enrichment criteria (COMPASS-Not Included) and 33.9% (n=5.142) were eligible. The vast majority of excluded patients were excluded due to high bleeding risk (62.7% needing DAPT, and 52.7% for high REACH bleeding risk score). The rates (100 patients/year) of ischemic and bleeding outcome were 2.3 [2.1–2.5] and 0.5 [0.4–0.6] respectively for COMPASS-Eligible, 3.0 [2.8–3.2] and 0.6 [0.5–0.7] for COMPASS-Excluded and 1.2 [1.0–1.4] and 0.2 [0.2–0.3] for COMPASS-Not Included. Ischemic and bleeding events Conclusion In a large contemporary registry of stable CAD patients, approximately one of three patients was potentially eligible for adjunction of low-dose rivaroxaban to aspirin. This group is at particularly high risk of ischemic outcome. Patients with exclusion criteria for COMPASS had the worse ischemic and bleeding outcomes and represent a group in need of improved therapy. Acknowledgement/Funding None

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319720943810 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 909-915

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Qiu ◽

Yu Jiang ◽

Xinghua Jiang ◽

Renqiang Yang ◽

Yanqing Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Collateral Circulation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Recent studies have reported a relationship between the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between PLR and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). A systematic search was conducted based on electronic databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Elsevier, Medline, and Embase). A total of 14 studies (n = 4,871) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the non-CAD group, PLR was significantly higher in CAD group ( P = .002). After further classification according to the Gensini score, the cases with atherosclerosis demonstrated a higher PLR than those without atherosclerosis ( P < .001). Platelet to lymphocyte ratio was higher in the severe atherosclerosis group compared with the mild atherosclerosis group ( P < .001). Compared with the poor coronary collateral circulation (CCC) group, PLR was significantly lower in the good CCC group ( P < .001). The PLR was significantly higher in patients with coronary slow flow (CSF) than those with normal coronary flow ( P = .01). On the basis of current evidence, an elevated PLR was associated with stable CAD, and it might be useful for predicting CAD severe stenosis, collateral circulation, and CSF. Future studies are needed to clarify the relationship between PLR and stable CAD.

Download Full-text

Higher Preoperative Plasma Thrombin Potential in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Aortic Stenosis Compared to Surgery for Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029618776374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1282-1290

Author(s):

Axel Dimberg ◽

Ulrica Alström ◽

Elisabeth Ståhle ◽

Christina Christersson

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Postoperative Bleeding ◽

Interquartile Range ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) influence the coagulation system, potentially affecting hemostasis during cardiac surgery. Our aim was to evaluate 2 preoperative global hemostasis assays, plasma thrombin potential and thromboelastometry, in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis compared to patients with CAD. A secondary aim was to test whether the assays were associated with postoperative bleeding. Calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) in platelet-poor plasma and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in whole blood were analyzed in patients scheduled for elective surgery due to severe AS (n = 103) and stable CAD (n = 68). Patients with AS displayed higher plasma thrombin potential, both thrombin peak with median 252 nmol/L (interquartile range 187-319) and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) with median 1552 nmol/L/min (interquartile range 1340-1838), when compared to patients with CAD where thrombin peak was median 174 nmol/L (interquartile range 147-229) and ETP median 1247 nmol/L/min (interquartile range 1034-1448; both P < .001). Differences persisted after adjustment for age, gender, comorbidity, and antithrombotic treatment. Differences observed in thromboelastometry between the groups did not persist after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Bleeding amount showed no relationship with plasma thrombin potential but weakly to thromboelastometry ( R2 = .064, P = .001). Patients with AS exhibited preoperatively increased plasma thrombin potential compared to patients with CAD. Plasma thrombin potential was not predictive for postoperative bleeding in patients scheduled for elective surgery.

Download Full-text

Neutrophil Phenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1602

Author(s):

Patrick Maréchal ◽

Julien Tridetti ◽

Mai-Linh Nguyen ◽

Odile Wéra ◽

Zheshen Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

St Elevation ◽

Artery Disease

Clinical evidence indicates that innate immune cells may contribute to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our prospective study aimed at investigating the association of neutrophil phenotypes with ACS. 108 patients were categorized into chronic stable coronary artery disease (n = 37), unstable angina (UA) (n = 19), Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) (n = 25), and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) (n = 27). At the time of inclusion, blood neutrophil subpopulations were analysed by flow cytometry. Differential blood cell count and plasma levels of neutrophilic soluble markers were recorded at admission and, for half of patients, at six-month follow-up. STEMI and NSTEMI patients displayed higher neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio than stable and UA patients (p < 0.0001), which normalized at six-month post-MI. Atypical low-density neutrophils were detected in the blood of the four patient groups. STEMI patients were characterized by elevated percentages of band cells compared to the other patients (p = 0.019). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma levels of total myeloperoxidase was associated with STEMI compared to stable (OR: 1.434; 95% CI: 1.119–1.837; P < 0.0001), UA (1.47; 1.146–1.886; p = 0.002), and NSTEMI (1.213; 1.1–1.134; p = 0.0001) patients, while increased neutrophil side scatter (SSC) signal intensity was associated with NSTEMI compared to stable patients (3.828; 1.033–14.184; p = 0.045). Hence, changes in neutrophil phenotype are concomitant to ACS.

Download Full-text