scholarly journals Nanoclays in Food and Beverage Packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattinee Bumbudsanpharoke ◽  
Seonghyuk Ko
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Colorimetric Indicator ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Host Polymer ◽  
Beverage Packaging

In this study, we present and discuss the technical benefits of using nanoclays as a promising property enhancer in organic polymers for food and beverage packaging. The incorporation of nanoclays can improve the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of a host polymer. Both natural hydrophilic and modified organophilic nanoclays provide unique characteristics to the host polymer depending on the selected applications. Besides the advantage of polymer reinforcement, various novel applications of nanoclays in food packaging have been suggested recently, such as control and release for active ingredients, antimicrobial agent, and carrier for the colorimetric indicator system. The existing migration studies discussing the transition from plastic to nanoclay packaging revealed that the diffused level of aluminum and silicon in the nanoclay packaging are within the limitation proposed in Council Directive 90/128/EEC (1990). Therefore, until now, there is no safety restriction in the use of clay nanocomposite films in food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kotsilkov ◽  
Evgeni Ivanov ◽  
Nikolay Vitanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Matrix

Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and for the functionality of biodegradable polymers for packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of humans and the environment to such nanomaterials; this brings up questions about the risks of nanomaterials, since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or whether they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work, the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of the matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment of the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowaste stream.

scholarly journals Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kotsilkov ◽  
Evgeni Ivanov ◽  
Nikolay Vitanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment

Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and functionality of biodegradable polymers for food packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of human and environment to such nanomaterials, this rising questions about the risks of nanomaterials since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, TEM, AFM and SEM were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment to the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowastes stream.

A review of high performance polymer nanocomposites for packaging applications in electronics and food industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Kausar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
Food And Beverage

This article addresses advances in polymeric nanocomposites for packaging applications. Synthetic and biodegradable polymers have been reinforced with carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene and derived nanofiller, nanoclay, and inorganic nanoparticles to form high performance packaging materials. Polymeric nanocomposites possess markedly improved packaging properties including oxygen permeability, moisture permeability, barrier properties, solvent resistance, thermal stability, biological features, anti-microbial characteristics, non-flammability, and mechanical robustness. Performance of nanocomposite films and packaging is dependent on how well the nanofiller is dispersed in matrices. Modified nanofillers have been used to impart the desired functional properties to the packaging materials. Technical packaging applications in electronics and food and beverage industries are discussed. Using appropriate polymer, functional nanofiller, and fabrication techniques may represent inspiring routes for creating innovative packaging materials with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and barrier performances.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Conductive Nanocellulose-Based Films for Active and Intelligent Food Packaging

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Vilela ◽  
Catarina Moreirinha ◽  
Eddy M. Domingues ◽  
Filipe M. L. Figueiredo ◽  
Adelaide Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
The One

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is becoming an important substrate for engineering multifunctional nanomaterials with singular and tunable properties for application in several domains. Here, antimicrobial conductive nanocomposites composed of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) and BNC were fabricated as freestanding films for application in food packaging. The nanocomposite films were prepared through the one-pot polymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) inside the BNC nanofibrous network and in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as cross-linking agent. The ensuing films are macroscopically homogeneous, more transparent than pristine BNC, and present thermal stability up to 265 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the films have good mechanical performance (Young’s modulus ≥ 3.1 GPa), high water-uptake capacity (450–559%) and UV-blocking properties. The zwitterion film with 62 wt.% cross-linked PSBMA showed bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (4.3–log CFU mL−1 reduction) and Escherichia coli (1.1–log CFU mL−1 reduction), and proton conductivity ranging between 1.5 × 10−4 mS cm−1 (40 °C, 60% relative humidity (RH)) and 1.5 mS cm−1 (94 °C, 98% RH). Considering the current set of properties, PSBMA/BNC nanocomposites disclose potential as films for active food packaging, due to their UV-barrier properties, moisture scavenging ability, and antimicrobial activity towards pathogenic microorganisms responsible for food spoilage and foodborne illness; and also for intelligent food packaging, due to the proton motion relevant for protonic-conduction humidity sensors that monitor food humidity levels.

PLA/MMT and PLA/Halloysite Bio-Nanocomposite Films: Mechanical, Barrier, and Transparency

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Othman ◽  
Hee Nyia Ling ◽  
Rosnita A. Talib ◽  
Mohd Nazli Naim ◽  
Nazratul Putri Risyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Food Packaging Films

The usage of biopolymers in developing biodegradable food packaging films that are sustainable and safe towards environment has been restricted because of the poor mechanical and barrier properties of the biopolymers. This study aims to enhance the limited properties of biopolymers particularly polylactic acid (PLA) for food packaging applications by investigating the effects of incorporating different types (montmorillonite (MMT) and halloysite) and concentrations (0–9 wt.%) of nanoclays on the mechanical, oxygen barrier, and transparency properties of the films. PLA with 3 wt.% concentration of nanoclays resulted in the optimum mechanical and oxygen barrier properties due to the strong interaction between nanoclays and torturous path length created by nanoclays respectively. Nevertheless, these properties reduced as more nanoclays (≥5 wt.%) was added into the films due to agglomeration of nanoclays. PLA incorporated with MMT nanoclay exhibited better properties compared to halloysite nanoclay due to the nanoclay structure in nature. Addition of 3 wt.% nanoclays into virtually transparent PLA film have only small effects on the transparency of the film whereby the reduction in light transmittance was only around 10%. This study is crucial to improve the feasibility of biopolymers usage for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Preparation, Properties and Mechanism of Anionic and Cationic CNC/WPU Composite Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Yu Li ◽  
Yan-Ru Bai ◽  
Xin-Qian Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhen Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Film ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Vapor Permeability

Abstract Three kinds of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were added into waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and nanocomposite films were prepared by solution casting method. The influence of different ionic function groups on microstructure and properties of composite films was investigated, and interaction mechanism between these two components was analyzed. Results show that thermal stability of these composite films are improved by 15℃. Compared with sulfated CNCs （SCNCs） and TEMPO oxidized CNCs (TOCNCs), FE-SEM results prove that cationized CNCs (CaCNCs) have better dispersion in composite films. In addition, fracture surface did not display large cavities, which indicates the interface binding force between WPU and CaCNCs is stronger. The tensile strength and fracture work of CaCNC/WPU composite film increase by 11.9% and by 8.4%, respectively. The oxygen permeability of CaCNC/WPU composite film is the lowest in these composite films, which is 5.00 cm3•cm (cm2•s•Pa)-1. Water vapor permeability of composite films may have a close positive correlation with their hygroscopicity. In all, composite film with CaCNCs has optimal strength, toughness, light transmittance and oxygen barrier properties. There may be opposite ion attraction superimposed hydrogen bond between CaCNCs and WPU in the composite film. The composite films are expected to have applications in food packaging, furniture coatings and biomedical applications.

Effect of Coupling Agent on the Dispersion of PETG Montmorillonite Nanocomposite films.

2003 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Ranade ◽  
Nandika D'Souza ◽  
Bruce Gnade ◽  
Christopher Thellen ◽  
Caitlin Orroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nano Technology

ABSTRACTPolyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is a clear amorphous polymer, which is extensively used in flexible packaging. The dual packaging requirements of recyclability and long-term shelf life are often difficult to achieve. Meeting these needs become more urgent when considering food packaging for large volumes of soldiers positioned in different parts of the world. Our approach is to develop a high barrier PET packaging system via the Montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS) based nano technology. Prior research has indicated the significant impact of the polymer crystalline regions on the properties of the resultant nanocomposite. Therefore we must first investigate the amorphous PETG. We must also investigate the influence of increased matrix polarity on dispersion of the PETG by incorporating maleic anhydride (MA) onto the PETG backbone. The influence of the clay concentration and maleation are independently investigated. The glass transition of the as-processed and annealed samples are analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) while the thermal stability is determined using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Testing showed a slight depression in the glass transition temperature of PETG film when the MLS is introduced into the system. The nanocomposite films also demonstrated a lower thermal stability in relation to the neat PETG films. The barrier properties were determined on an in-house built calibration unit based on atomic mobility under high vacuum. X-ray diffraction and TEM were utilized to determine the dispersion of the MLS in PETG. The results indicate that the dispersion was concentration independent but maleation of the PETG led to a slight decrease in agglomeration. An increased ultimate tensile strength and modulus was observed in PETG nanocomposites. The barrier properties were improved by incorporating the MLS into the system. Maleation of the PETG resulted in significant yellowing of the nanocomposites.

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