scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT: Regulations, Functions, and Roles on Mental Illnesses, Cancers, and Diabetic Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pu-Yu Li ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
She-Gan Gao ◽  
Dao-Yin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Transcription Start Sites ◽  
Sox2 Gene ◽  
High Level

SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) is an evolutionarily conserved long noncoding RNA. Its intronic region contains the SOX2 gene, the major regulator of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. The human SOX2-OT gene comprises multiple exons and has multiple transcription start sites and generates hundreds of transcripts. Transcription factors (IRF4, AR, and SOX3), transcriptional inhibitors (NSPc1, MTA3, and YY1), and miRNAs (miR-211 and miR-375) have been demonstrated to control certain SOX2-OT transcript level at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. Accumulated evidence indicates its crucial roles in the regulation of the SOX2 gene, miRNAs, and transcriptional process. Restricted expression of SOX2-OT transcripts in the brain results in the association between SOX2-OT single nucleotide polymorphisms and mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. SOX2-OT is notably elevated in tumor tissues, and a high level of SOX2-OT is well correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients, leading to the establishment of its role as an oncogene and a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker for cancers. The emerging evidence supports that SOX2-OT mediates diabetic complications. In summary, SOX2-OT has diversified functions and could be a therapeutic target for various diseases.

Long Noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 Modulates Ketamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neurons through EZH2

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Huang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Haili Wang ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Signaling ◽  
Ezh2 Expression ◽  
Induced Neurons ◽  
Neurite Degeneration ◽  
Dose Dependent

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to investigate whether long noncoding RNA sprouty receptor tyrosine kinase signaling antagonist 4-intronic transcript 1 (SPRY4-IT1) is involved in the regulation of ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were induced into neurons in vitro and treated with ketamine. Apoptosis and neurite degeneration assays were used to determine ketamine-induced neurotoxicity and qRT-PCR to determine SPRY4-IT1 expression. SPRY4-IT1 was downregulated in hESC-induced neurons to examine its regulation on ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. The correlation between enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and SPRY4-IT1 was also examined. EZH2 was upregulated in SPRY4-IT1-downregualted hESC-induced neurons to further examine its participation in SPRY4-IT1-mediated ketamine neurotoxicity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ketamine-induced dose-dependent apoptosis, neurite degeneration, and SPRY4-IT1 upregulation in hESC-induced neurons. Lentivirus-mediated SPRY4-IT1 downregulation protected ketamine neurotoxicity. EZH2 expression was positively correlated with SPRY4-IT1 in hESC-induced neurons. EZH2 overexpression markedly reversed the protective effects of SPRY4-IT1 knockdown on ketamine neurotoxicity. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> SPRY4-IT1 is involved in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity, possibly through the regulation on EZH2 gene.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA FOXP4-AS1 Predicts Unfavourable Prognosis and Regulates Proliferation and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jingchen Liang ◽  
Duo Wang ◽  
Guanhua Qiu ◽  
Xiaoqi Zhu ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
High Level ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer that has a high level of morbidity and mortality. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a novel regulatory factor of tumour proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Our previous studies indicated that lncRNA FOXP4-AS1 is a functional oncogene in HCC; thus, this study is aimed at further evaluating the clinical and biological function of FOXP4-AS1 in HCC. Material and Methods. First, we detected the expression of FOXP4-AS1 in HCC tissues and paracarcinoma normal tissues by qRT-PCR. Second, the prognostic effects of FOXP4-AS1 in patients with HCC were analysed in a training group and a verification group. Subsequently, to investigate the biological effects of FOXP4-AS1 on HCC cells, downexpression tests were further conducted. Results. The expression of FOXP4-AS1 was higher in HCC tissues than adjacent nontumourous tissues, whereas the low expression of FOXP4-AS1 was correlated with optimistic treatment outcomes, which suggested that FOXP4-AS1 may be an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC. Moreover, the downregulation of FOXP4-AS1 significantly reduced the cell proliferation and clonal abilities and inhibited the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of hepatoma cells ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. These results revealed the clinical significance and biological function of FOXP4-AS1 in HCC development, which may provide a new direction for finding therapeutic targets and potential prognostic biomarkers of HCC.

scholarly journals Divergent transcription of long noncoding RNA/mRNA gene pairs in embryonic stem cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 2876-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Sigova ◽  
A. C. Mullen ◽  
B. Molinie ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
D. A. Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Divergent Transcription

scholarly journals The long noncoding RNA lncR492 inhibits neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0191682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Winzi ◽  
Nuria Casas Vila ◽  
Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Svenja Noack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Genetic variations associated with long noncoding RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Luo ◽  
Runsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Immune Disease ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Abstract Genetic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and structural variations, are widely distributed in the genome, including the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regions. The changes at locus might produce numerous effects in a variety of aspects. Multiple bioinformatics resources and tools were also developed for systematically dealing with genetic variations associated with lncRNAs. Moreover, correlation of the genetic variations in lncRNAs with immune disease, cancers, and other disease as well as development process were all included for discussion. In this essay, we summarized how and in what aspects these changes would affect lncRNA functions.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA Moderates MicroRNA Activity to Maintain Self-Renewal in Embryonic Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keriayn N. Smith ◽  
Joshua Starmer ◽  
Sarah C. Miller ◽  
Praveen Sethupathy ◽  
Terry Magnuson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Self Renewal
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