scholarly journals New Courteous Algorithm for Uplink Scheduling in LTE-Advanced and 5G Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chafika Tata ◽  
Nassima Fellag ◽  
Michel Kadoch
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Uplink Scheduling ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Wireless Users

The fast evolution of the number of wireless users and the emergence of new multimedia services have motivated third-generation partnership project (3GPP) to develop new radio access technologies. Thus, the carrier aggregation (CA) was introduced from version 10 long-term evolution (LTE), known as long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A), to meet the increasing demands in terms of throughput and bandwidth and to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) for different classes of bearers in LTE networks. However, such solution stills inefficient until implementing good resources management scheme. Several scheduling mechanisms have been proposed in the literature, to guarantee the QoS of different classes of bearers in LTE-A and 5G networks. Nevertheless, most of them promote high-priority bearers. In this study, a new approach of uplink scheduling resources has been developed. It aims to ensure service fairness of different traffic classes that allocates bearers over LTE-A and 5G networks. Also, it raises the number of admitted users in the network by increasing the number of admitted bearers through a dynamic management of service priorities. In fact, the low-priority traffic classes, using low-priority bearers, are favoured during a specific time interval, based on the average waiting time for each class. Simulation results show that the QoS parameters were much improved for the low-priority classes without significantly affecting the QoS of high priority ones.

scholarly journals Long-term evolution of coronal holes on the Sun and occurrence frequencies of magnetic storms with gradual commencements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
S Veretenenko ◽  
M Ogurtsov ◽  
V Obridko ◽  
A Tlatov
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Holes ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Sunspot Numbers ◽  
Term Evolution

Abstract Long-term evolution of areas with open configuration of magnetic field (coronal holes) on the Sun reconstructed on the basis of H-alpha synoptic charts for the period 1887-2016 was studied and compared with annual occurrence frequencies of magnetic storms with gradual (GC) commencements. It was found that correlation between yearly values of coronal hole (CH) areas and sunspot numbers with no time shift is negative and not strong, but increases up to ∼0.6-0.7 when CH areas are delayed by 4-5 years relative to sunspot numbers. Temporal variations of CH areas in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are characterized by dominant ∼11-year periodicities; however, they differ significantly on the multidecadal time scale. The wavelet spectra of CH areas in the Southern hemisphere, unlike those in the Northern one, reveal persistent periodicities of ∼30-35 years on the studied time interval. Similar periodicities of ∼30-35 years are observed in annual occurrences of GC magnetic storms which are caused by high-speed streams of solar wind from coronal holes. The results of cross wavelet analysis of annual occurrence frequencies of GC magnetic storms and areas of coronal holes revealed common periodicities ∼11, ∼35 and ∼60 years which confirmed a close link of these storms with the evolution of large-scale magnetic fields on the Sun.

Multi Objective Resource Scheduling in LTE Networks Using Reinforcement Learning

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Sorin Comsa ◽  
Mehmet Aydin ◽  
Sijing Zhang ◽  
Pierre Kuonen ◽  
Jean–Frédéric Wagen
Keyword(s):  
Packet Scheduling ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Radio Resources ◽  
High Bit Rate

The use of the intelligent packet scheduling process is absolutely necessary in order to make the radio resources usage more efficient in recent high-bit-rate demanding radio access technologies such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Packet scheduling procedure works with various dispatching rules with different behaviors. In the literature, the scheduling disciplines are applied for the entire transmission sessions and the scheduler performance strongly depends on the exploited discipline. The method proposed in this paper aims to discuss how a straightforward schedule can be provided within the transmission time interval (TTI) sub-frame using a mixture of dispatching disciplines per TTI instead of a single rule adopted across the whole transmission. This is to maximize the system throughput while assuring the best user fairness. This requires adopting a policy of how to mix the rules and a refinement procedure to call the best rule each time. Two scheduling policies are proposed for how to mix the rules including use of Q learning algorithm for refining the policies. Simulation results indicate that the proposed methods outperform the existing scheduling techniques by maximizing the system throughput without harming the user fairness performance.

V2V Influence on M2M and H2H Traffics During Emergency Scenarios

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-134
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hani El Fawal ◽  
Ali Mansour ◽  
Mohamad Najem
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

This chapter envisions the challenges that will face the mobile operators such as sending vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) payloads in form of synchronized storms, the fast saturation of the limited bandwidth of long-term evolution for machines (LTE-M) and narrow band-internet of things (NB-IoT) with the rise number of machine-to-machine (M2M) devices and V2V devices, V2V congestion overload problem in IoT environments specifically during disaster events. It extends a new solution proposed by the authors named Adaptive eNodeB (A-eNB) for both LTE-M and NB-IoT networks to deal with V2V excessive traffic. The A-eNB can solve gradually V2V overload problem, while keeping the human-to-human (H2H) traffic quality of service (QoS) not to be affected badly. It corroborates a new framework model proposed by the authors called coexistence analyzer and network architecture for long-term evolution (CANAL) to study the impact on V2V, M2M, and H2H and mutual influences, based on continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) to simulate, analyze, and measure radio access strategies.

scholarly journals Analysis of handover based on the use of femtocells in LTE networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ketyllen Da Costa Silva ◽  
Carlos P. Alves da Silva ◽  
Andre C. De Sousa Donza ◽  
Carlos Renato Frances ◽  
Nandamudi L. Vijaykumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Handover Mechanism

One of the key elements in the networks LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the possibility of deploying multiple femtocells for the improvement of coverage and data rate. However, arbitrary overlapping coverage of these cells makes the handover mechanism complex and challenging. In this paper, simulations of deploying LTE femtocells in a scenario were evaluated. With this objective, measure impact and correlation of the use of femtocell parameters of QoS (Quality of Service) and handover. Possible limitations of this integration are discussed. Will be the integration of LTE femtocell a panacea? Despite this promising alternative estimates are fraught with uncertainty. The results show that the use of femtocell got worse on indicators of handover, impact on indicators of QoS.

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