scholarly journals Transplantation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Decreases Cognitive Impairment from Chronic Cerebral Ischemia by Reducing Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shu Zhu ◽  
Dongyu Min ◽  
Jianhong Zeng ◽  
Yetao Ju ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a unique postnatal stem cell population with high self-renewal ability that originates from the cranial neural crest. Since SHED are homologous to the central nervous system, they possess superior capacity to differentiate into neural cells. However, whether and how SHED ameliorate degenerative central nervous disease are unclear. Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a kind of neurological disease caused by long-term cerebral circulation insufficiency and is characterized by progressive cognitive and behavioral deterioration. In this study, we showed that either systemic transplantation of SHED or SHED infusion into the hippocampus ameliorated cognitive impairment of CCI rats in four weeks after SHED treatment by rescuing the number of neurons in the hippocampus area. Mechanistically, SHED transplantation decreased the apoptosis of neuronal cells in the hippocampus area of CCI rats through downregulation of cleaved caspase-3. In summary, SHED transplantation protected the neuronal function and reduced neuronal apoptosis, resulting in amelioration of cognitive impairment from CCI. Our findings suggest that SHED are a promising stem cell source for cell therapy of neurological diseases in the clinic.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: A Growing Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 202 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martinez Saez ◽  
Robson Tetsuo Sasaki ◽  
Adriana da Costa Neves ◽  
Marcelo Cavenaghi Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Adult stem cells research has been considered the most advanced sort of medical-scientific research, particularly stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which represent an immature stem cell population. The purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge concerning SHED from full-text scientific publications from 2003 to 2015, available in English language and based on the keyword and/or abbreviations ‘stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)', and individually presented as to the properties of SHED, immunomodulatory properties of SHED and stem cell banking. In summary, these cell populations are easily accessible by noninvasive procedures and can be isolated, cultured and expanded in vitro, successfully differentiated in vitro and in vivo into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and neural cells, and present low immune reactions or rejection following SHED transplantation. Furthermore, SHED are able to remain undifferentiated and stable after long-term cryopreservation. In conclusion, the high proliferative capacity, easy access, multilineage differentiation capacity, noninvasiveness and few ethical concerns make stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth the most valuable source of stem cells for tissue engineering and cell-based regenerative medicine therapies.

scholarly journals Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) Differentiate in vivo and Promote Facial Nerve Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Vilela Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Ferreira Bento ◽  
Dayane B. Cruz ◽  
Cláudia Marchi ◽  
Raquel Salomone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Mandibular Branch ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Post-traumatic lesions with transection of the facial nerve present limited functional outcome even after repair by gold-standard microsurgical techniques. Stem cell engraftment combined with surgical repair has been reported as a beneficial alternative. However, the best association between the source of stem cell and the nature of conduit, as well as the long-term postoperative cell viability are still matters of debate. We aimed to assess the functional and morphological effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in polyglycolic acid tube (PGAt) combined with autografting of rat facial nerve on repair after neurotmesis. The mandibular branch of rat facial nerve submitted to neurotmesis was repaired by autograft and PGAt filled with purified basement membrane matrix with or without SHED. Outcome variables were compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and axon morphometric. Animals from the SHED group had mean CMAP amplitudes and mean axonal diameters significantly higher than the control group ( p < 0.001). Mean axonal densities were significantly higher in the control group ( p = 0.004). The engrafted nerve segment resected 6 weeks after surgery presented cells of human origin that were positive for the Schwann cell marker (S100), indicating viability of transplanted SHED and a Schwann cell-like phenotype. We conclude that regeneration of the mandibular branch of the rat facial nerve was improved by SHED within PGAt. The stem cells integrated and remained viable in the neural tissue for 6 weeks since transplantation, and positive labeling for S100 Schwann-cell marker suggests cells initiated in vivo differentiation.

scholarly journals Potential Research Tool of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: Lentiviral Bmi-1 Immortalization with EGFP Marker

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Yao ◽  
Lingping Tan ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Huang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Early Passage ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a favourable source for tissue engineering, for its great proliferative capacity and the ease of collection. However, the transplantation of stem cells and the study of stem cell-based tissue engineering require massive stem cells. After long-term expansion, stem cells face many challenges, including limited lifespan, senescence, and loss of stemness. Therefore, a cell line capable of overcoming those problems should be built. In this study, we generated a Bmi-1-immortalized SHED cell line with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker (SHED-Bmi1-EGFP) using lentiviral transduction. We compared this cell line with the original SHED for cell morphology under a microscope. The expression of Bmi-1 was detected with Western blot. Replicative lifespan determination and colony-forming efficiency assessment were using to assay proliferation capability. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay was performed to assay the senescence level of cells. Moreover, multipotency, karyotype, and tumour formation in nude mice of SHED and SHED-Bmi1-EGFP were also tested. Our results confirmed that Bmi-1 immortalization did not affect the main features of SHED. SHED-Bmi1-EGFP could be passaged for a long time and stably expressed EGFP. SHED-Bmi1-EGFP at a late passage showed low activity of β-galactosidase and similar multilineage differentiation as SHED at an early passage. The immortalized cells had no potential tumourigenicity ability in vivo. Moreover, we provided some suggestions for potential applications of the immortalized SHED cell line with the EGFP marker. Thus, the immortalized cell line we built can be used as a functional tool in the lab for long-term studies of SHED and stem cell-based regeneration.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth into Retinal Photoreceptor-Like Cells and Their Sustainability In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Yue Zhai ◽  
Tengjiaozi Fang ◽  
Nanquan Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Bioluminescent Imaging ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptor ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Retinal degeneration is characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors, and stem cell therapy has become a promising strategy. Many studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can sustain retinal structure and prolong retinal functions based on two mechanisms. One is cell replacement, and the other is the paracrine action of stem cells. Cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) show characteristics typical of mesenchymal stem cells. They are derived from the neural crest and are a potential cellular source for neural regeneration in stem cell therapy. In this study, we explored the potential of SHEDs to be induced towards the retinal photoreceptor phenotype and to be sustainable in an animal model of retinal degeneration. A factor-cocktail protocol was used to induce SHEDs towards retinal photoreceptors for 24 days, and the characteristics of the induced cells were identified in terms of morphological changes, biomarker expression and subcellular distribution, and calcium influx. SHEDs were labeled with firefly luciferase for in vivo tracking by bioluminescent imaging and then transplanted into the subretinal space of mice. Our results showed that SHEDs successfully transdifferentiated into photoreceptor-like cells, which displayed neuron-like morphology, and expressed specific genes and proteins associated with retinal precursors, photoreceptor precursors, and mature photoreceptors. In addition, calcium influx was significantly greater in the retinal-induced than in noninduced SHEDs. In vivo tracking confirmed at least 2 weeks of good survival by bioluminescent imaging and 3 months of sustainability of SHEDs by histological analysis. We conclude that SHEDs have the potential to transdifferentiate into retinal photoreceptor-like cells in vitro and maintain good viability in vivo after transplantation into mice with a normal immune system. This demonstrates preliminary success in generating photoreceptor-like cells from SHEDs and applying SHEDs in treating retinal degeneration.

scholarly journals Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth – Isolation, Long Term Cultivation and Phenotypical Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Suchánek ◽  
Benjamín Víšek ◽  
Tomáš Soukup ◽  
Sally Kamal El-Din Mohamed ◽  
Romana Ivančaková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Population Doubling Time ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Aims: Our aims were to isolate stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), to cultivate them in vitro and to investigate their basic biological properties, phenotype and to compare our findings with dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) isolated from permanent teeth. Methods: Dental pulp was gently evacuated from exfoliated teeth. After enzymatic dissociation of dental pulp, SHED were cultivated in modified cultivation media for mesenchymal adult progenitor cells containing 2 % FCS and supplemented with growth factors and insulin, transferrin, sodium (ITS) supplement. Cell viability and other biological properties were examined using a Vi-Cell analyzer and a Z2-Counter. DNA analyses and phenotyping were performed with flow cytometry. Results: We were able to cultivate SHED over 45 population doublings. Our results showed that SHED cultivated under same conditions as DPSC had longer average population doubling time (41.3 hrs for SHED vs. 24.5 hrs for DPSC). Phenotypic comparison of cultivated SHED to that of cultivated DPSC showed differential expression CD29, CD44, CD71, CD117, CD166. During long-term cultivation, SHED did not showed any signs of degeneration or spontaneous differentiation. Conclusions: We isolated stem cells from exfoliated teeth. In comparison to DPSC, SHED proliferation rate was about 50% slower, and SHED showed slightly different phenotype. These cells may be extremely useful for stem cell tissue banking, further stem cell research and future therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Interleukin 6 promotes an in vitro mineral deposition by stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunthawan Nowwarote ◽  
Waleerat Sukarawan ◽  
Kiattipan Kanjana ◽  
Prasit Pavasant ◽  
Benjamin P. J. Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Marker Expression ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays various roles including stem cell regulation. The present study investigated the effect of IL-6 on cell proliferation, colony forming unit ability, stem cell marker expression and differentiation ability in stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). We reported that the isolated cells from dental pulp tissues for deciduous teeth expressed CD44, CD90 and CD105 but not CD45. These cells were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and neuronal-like cells. IL-6 treatment resulted in the significant increase of NANOG, SOX2 and REX1 mRNA expression. However, IL-6 had no effect on cell proliferation and colony forming unit ability. IL-6 did not alter adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation potency. IL-6 supplementation in osteogenic medium led to a significant increase of mineralization. Furthermore, IL-6 upregulated ALP, ANKH and PIT1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, IL-6 participates in the regulation of pluripotent marker expression and is also involved in mineralization process of SHEDs. Hence, IL-6 could be employed as a supplementary substance in culture medium to maintain stemness and to induce osteogenic induction in SHEDs for future regenerative cell therapy.

scholarly journals Glucose and Serum Deprivation Led to Altered Proliferation, Differentiation Potential and AMPK Activation in Stem Cells from Human Deciduous Tooth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Madhura Pawar ◽  
Vivek Pawar ◽  
Apathsakayan Renugalakshmi ◽  
Ashraf Albrakati ◽  
Uthman S. Uthman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Serum Deprivation ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Stem cell therapy is an evolving treatment strategy in regenerative medicine. Recent studies report stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth could complement the traditional mesenchymal stem cell sources. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit mesenchymal characteristics with multilineage differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells are widely investigated for cell therapy and disease modeling. Although many research are being conducted to address the challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in clinics, most of the studies are still in infancy. Host cell microenvironment is one of the major factors affecting the homing of transplanted stem cell and understanding the factors affecting the fate of stem cells of prime important. In this study we aimed to understand the effects of serum deprivation in stem cells derived from human deciduous tooth. Our study aimed to understand the morphological, transcriptional, cell cycle and stemness based changes of stem cells in nutrient deprived medium. Our results suggest that stem cells in nutrient deprived media undergo low proliferation, high apoptosis and changed the differentiation potential of the stem cells. Serum deprived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited enhanced chondrogenic differentiation potential and reduced osteogenic differentiation potential. Moreover, the activation of key metabolic sensor AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) leads to activation of transcription factors such as FOXO3, which leads to an S phase quiescence. Serum deprivation also enhanced the expression of stemness related genes Sox2 and c-Myc.

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