scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms.) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Taofeek T. Adegboyega ◽  
Michael T. Abberton ◽  
AbdelAziz H. AbdelGadir ◽  
Mahamadi Dianda ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms) is an annual legume with the capacity to produce bean seeds in a pod and produce tubers with varying seed patterns and colors. It is suggested to have the potential to significantly boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa due to its considerable nutritional qualities but still yet underutilized. Many farmers show limited interest in its production owing to limited knowledge of its nutritional profile, income generation capacity for small-holder farmers’, processing, and other related utilization concerns. This study evaluated the proximate and antinutrient composition of processed and unprocessed seeds of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms.). Seeds were harvested from the experimental research field consisting of 50 accessions at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. They were divided into two portions; the first was processed by oven drying at 60°C for 24 hours and the second was left raw. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the levels of proximate and antinutrient in the forms in which the samples were analyzed. TSs104 had the highest protein content of 25.08%, while the lowest was TSs68 (20.50%). However, in the unprocessed seed, protein content ranged between 24.93% (TSs38) and 19.13% (TSs11). Both processed and unprocessed seeds had high carbohydrate contents. In processed seeds, TSs9 (62.93%) had the highest percentage and TSs1 (29.64%) recorded the lowest. In unprocessed seed, the percentage ranged between 67.36% (TSs4) and 54.23% (TSs38). The observed variation may suggest possible suitability of seed for various end-use products and targeted breeding programs for crop improvements. In sub-Saharan Africa, this lesser-known legume could be adapted as a promising food crop in combating protein-energy malnutrition.

scholarly journals Sorghum–Insect Composites for Healthier Cookies: Nutritional, Functional, and Technological Evaluation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Temitope D. Awobusuyi ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Kirthee Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spread Factor

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Relying on unexploited and regionally available rich sources of proteins such as insects and sorghum might contribute towards addressing PEM among at-risk populations. Insects are high in nutrients, especially protein, and are abundant in SSA. Sorghum is adapted to the tropical areas of SSA and as such it is an appropriate source of energy compared with temperate cereals like wheat. It is necessary to assess whether cookies fortified with sorghum and termite would be suitable for use in addressing PEM in SSA. Whole grain sorghum meal and termite meal were mixed at a 3:1 ratio (w/w sorghum:termite) to form a sorghum–termite meal blend. Composite cookies were prepared where the sorghum–termite blend partially substituted wheat flour at 20%, 40%, and 60% (sorghum–termite blend:wheat flour (w/w). The functional and nutritional qualities of the cookies were assessed. Compared with the control (100% wheat flour), the cookies fortified with sorghum and termite had about double the quantity of protein, minerals, and amino acids. However, with increased substitution level of the sorghum–termite blend, the spread factor of the cookies decreased. There is a potential to incorporate sorghum and termite in cookies for increased intake of several nutrients by communities that are vulnerable to nutrient deficiencies, especially PEM.

Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Foluke Onaleye
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan

The current management to prevent Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is examined and the use of technological tools such as Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems and mobile solutions are employed to prevent the development of PEM and its complications. Implementation of technological solutions in healthcare is a critical factor in achieving better health outcomes as documented in some parts of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is behind on the adoption of electronic health records and other health information technology solutions due to several challenges such as lack of funding and infrastructure required to implement its use. Recent studies show that Sub-Saharan Africa is slowly gravitating towards adoption of health information technology particularly EHR systems and mobile solutions because of the need to find solutions to its healthcare crisis. Development of a PEM prevention system using these tools to enhance the current management will improve patient health outcomes and decrease the mortality rate of PEM.

scholarly journals Hydrothermally Treated Soybeans Can Enrich Maize Stiff Porridge (Africa’s Main Staple) without Negating Sensory Acceptability

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kalumbi ◽  
Limbikani Matumba ◽  
Beatrice Mtimuni ◽  
Agnes Mwangwela ◽  
Aggrey P. Gama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
32 Factorial Design ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Maize-based stiff porridge, a starchy protein-deficient staple food, dominates among the populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Unfortunately, this is often consumed along with leafy vegetables since the majority of the population in this region lack resources for the purchase of high protein animal source foods, a situation that exacerbates protein-energy malnutrition. Considering this, the current study evaluated the effect of enriching maize-based stiff porridge with flour made from hydrothermally treated soybeans on consumer acceptability. A total of nine experimental flours were prepared from maize and maize-soybean mixtures following a 32 factorial design involving two factors, namely maize flour type (whole maize, non-soaked dehulled maize, and soaked dehulled maize) and soybean flour proportion (0%, 20%, and 30%). A total of 125 adult consumers from a rural setting in Malawi evaluated maize-based stiff porridges made thereof using a 7-point hedonic scale. Subsequently, the participants were asked to guess an ingredient that was added to some of the test samples. The 10% and 20% soybean-enriched maize-based stiff porridges scored 5/7 and above, with some being statistically similar to plain maize-based stiff porridges. No participant recognized that soybeans were incorporated into the maize-based stiff porridges. The study has clearly demonstrated the potential of enriching maize-based stiff porridge with hydrothermally treated soybeans without compromising consumer acceptability. This innovation could significantly contribute towards reducing the burden of energy-protein under-nutrition in SSA.

scholarly journals Application of thermostable a-Amylase from Thermomyces lanuginosus ATCC 58157 to nutritionally enhance starch based food

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thiriloshani Padayachee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Sub Saharan

In Sub-Saharan Africa there is an urgent need to sustain and improve the quality of its food resources. Poverty eradication features high on the agenda of a number of world health organisations, while the number of underweight children in Africa continues to increase (Pellet, 1996). Providing nutritionally enhanced foods to the poor will help towards achieving this objective. Protein-energy malnutrition has been identified as one of the most important problems facing Africa, with maize as the staple diet (Nkama et al., 1995). However, a combination of several factors limits availability and the nutritional quality of maize. During starvation, energy and protein intakes decrease by 20-30%, with most of the children in Africa having an average protein intake of only 20 g per day (Igbedioh, 1996). Energy availability also affects protein utilization because of interrelationships of protein and energy metabolism (Elwyn, 1993). The diets of inhabitants in developing regions depend mainly on cereals (maize) for both protein and dietary energy which lacks indispensable amino acids, minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates. In light of these growing concerns an attempt was made to devise a scientific strategy to combat the nutritional shortfalls of maize meal. A multidisciplinary and concerted approach was followed within this project aimed at designing an improved thermostable amylase and applying the enzyme to nutritionally enhance maize meal. It was envisaged that the manipulation of maize meal, by the application of enzyme technology will improve the nutritional status of this staple food. The consequences is that an alternate solution for the eradication of an ailing, poverty stricken and malnourished African population is achievable. It is possible that the boundaries defining the limits of life will extend to even greater extremes through the application of novel technologies.

scholarly journals Circular Bioeconomy Research for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Innovations, Gaps, and Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Feleke ◽  
Steven Michael Cole ◽  
Haruna Sekabira ◽  
Rousseau Djouaka ◽  
Victor Manyong
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has applied the concept of ‘circular bioeconomy’ to design solutions to address the degradation of natural resources, nutrient-depleted farming systems, hunger, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Over the past decade, IITA has implemented ten circular bioeconomy focused research for development (R4D) interventions in several countries in the region. This article aims to assess the contributions of IITA’s circular bioeconomy focused innovations towards economic, social, and environmental outcomes using the outcome tracking approach, and identify areas for strengthening existing circular bioeconomy R4D interventions using the gap analysis method. Data used for the study came from secondary sources available in the public domain. Results indicate that IITA’s circular bioeconomy interventions led to ten technological innovations (bio-products) that translated into five economic, social, and environmental outcomes, including crop productivity, food security, resource use efficiency, job creation, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Our gap analysis identified eight gaps leading to a portfolio of five actions needed to enhance the role of circular bioeconomy in SSA. The results showcase the utility of integrating a circular bioeconomy approach in R4D work, especially how using such an approach can lead to significant economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The evidence presented can help inform the development of a framework to guide circular bioeconomy R4D at IITA and other research institutes working in SSA. Generating a body of evidence on what works, including the institutional factors that create enabling environments for circular bioeconomy approaches to thrive, is necessary for governments and donors to support circular bioeconomy research that will help solve some of the most pressing challenges in SSA as populations grow and generate more waste, thus exacerbating a changing climate using the linear economy model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of children with protein energy malnutrition and level of malaria parasitemia in Kwara State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishat Oluwatoyin Saka ◽  
Mohammed Jamiu Saka ◽  
Lateefat Olayinka Sa’adu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Malaria Parasitemia ◽  
Protein Energy

Malaria and Protein-Energy-Malnutrition (PEM) are two major causes of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria can predispose a child to PEM and the reverse may also be true. Recent studies have presented inconsistent findings about nutritional status and the occurrence of malaria among the children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between PEM and malaria parasitemia if any. A case control study in which 90 children diagnosed for PEM (aged 6-59 months), and another well-nourished 90 children age and sex-matched controls were evaluated for malaria parasitemia. A semi-structured proforma was used to obtain relevant information on the children’s sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional indices amongst others. Venous blood sample was collected and thick and thin blood film were prepared and viewed under the microscope. Malaria parasitemia was present in 82 (91.1%) of malnourished group and 12 (13.3%) of the well-nourished group (P<0.05 OR=66.62). Malaria parasitemia was highest in those with kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor compared with underweight. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The study demonstrates that malnourished children have higher degree of malaria parasitemia and are at risk of malaria. It also shows that severe forms of malnutrition are associated with heavier malaria parasitemia. It is therefore recommended that all malnourished children should have access to use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN), malaria chemoprophylaxis as well as empiric treatment of malaria in endemic areas where access to malaria parasite diagnosis is difficult.

Evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm lines for tolerance to drought

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Fatokun ◽  
Ousmane Boukar ◽  
Satoru Muranaka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cowpea is an important grain legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where, on a worldwide basis, the bulk is produced and consumed. The dry savanna area of SSA is where cowpea is mostly grown under rain-fed conditions. The crop is therefore prone to drought which may occur early, mid and/or late in the cropping season. Compared with many other crops, cowpea is drought tolerant, even though drought is still a major constraint limiting its productivity in SSA. Increasing the level of drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties grown by farmers would enable them to obtain more and stable yield from their cowpea fields. As a first step towards enhancing drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties, 1288 lines were selected randomly from cowpea germplasm collections maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and evaluated for their drought tolerance at Ibadan. Drought was imposed by withdrawal of irrigation from 5 weeks after sowing. On average, drought reduced the number of days to flower by 12 d, and the mean grain yield per plant was also reduced by 67.28%. A few of the cowpea lines stayed green for up to 6 weeks after irrigation was stopped, even though some of these produced no pods when the study was terminated. Further evaluation in the screenhouse of 142 selected drought-tolerant lines helped to identify six lines that could be potential parents for developing breeding lines with enhanced drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability for Flowering Time, Maturity and Drought Tolerance in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]: A Review Paper

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Alidu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Plant Genetics ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Cowpea plays a critical role in the lives of millions of people in Africa and other parts of the developing world, where it is a major source of dietary protein that nutritionally complements staple low-protein cereal and tuber crops. It is a valuable and dependable commodity that produces income for farmers and traders. Objective: To review related research work on the genetic variability for time to flowering, maturity and drought tolerance in cowpea. Data Source: Searches were made from the following databases and archives; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library (TEAL), Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) (FAO), AGRICOLA (National Agricultural Library), AGRIS - Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAO), CAS - Chemical Abstracts (ACS), DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals, CABI, Euphytica, Elsevier, Research Alert, Scopus and CGIAR, Plant Genetics and Breeding Database, Crop Science Database, Plant Genetics and Breeding Database, data base repositories, using the terms “genetic variability”, “drought”, “tolerance”, “ time to flowering and maturity”, and “cowpea” individually or in combination to identify literature published in English language between January 1990 to January 2018. Methods: The review was carried out using the above search terms. Research papers were critically reviewed, relevant data extracted, and a narrative synthesis was conducted to determine the relevant papers. Results: In all 150 papers met the inclusion criteria. Collections were from varied background; Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin Americas. Conclusion: Despite research studies on cowpea and drought, there appears to be limited such research findings on the time to flowering, and maturity in relations to drought tolerance in cowpea in Ghana, suggesting more research in this part of the world.

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