scholarly journals Composition and Diversity of Fungal Decomposers of Submerged Wood in Two Lakes in the Brazilian Amazon State of Pará

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eveleise Samira Martins Canto ◽  
Ana Claúdia Alves Cortez ◽  
Josiane Santana Monteiro ◽  
Flavia Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Steven Zelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Submerged Wood ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Sørensen Index

Aquatic ecosystems in tropical forests have a high diversity of microorganisms, including fungi, which are important decomposers of submerged wood. Despite the importance of their role in decomposition, research concerning the diversity of freshwater fungi from Brazilian Amazonian environments is scarce. The aim of this work was to describe the composition and diversity of fungi present on submerged wood in two lakes of the Brazilian Amazon (State of Pará). Fragments of decaying wood (30 samples per lake) were collected from the Lakes Juá and Maicá. The wood samples were inspected for 6 months in the presence of fungal reproductive structures. Fungi observed in the wood were identified morphologically. Twenty-three taxa were identified in the Lake Juá (10 sexual and 13 asexual) and 26 taxa in the Lake Maicá (17 sexual, 9 asexual). ITS sequences were obtained for 14 taxa to aid in identification. In the Lakes Juá and Maicá, the diversity indices were H': 2.6514 and H': 2.8174, respectively. The Sørensen index of the fungal communities in the studied lakes was 0.3673. This study is the first to describe the fungal biodiversity of two important aquatic environments in Pará, Brazil.

scholarly journals Genome Study of A Novel Virulent Phage vB_SspS_KASIA and Mu-Like Prophages of Shewanella sp. M16 Provides Insights into the Genetic Diversity of the Shewanella Virome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11070
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bujak ◽  
Przemyslaw Decewicz ◽  
Joanna M. Rosinska ◽  
Monika Radlinska
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Genome Study ◽  
High Diversity

Shewanella is a ubiquitous bacterial genus of aquatic ecosystems, and its bacteriophages are also isolated from aquatic environments (oceans, lakes, ice, and wastewater). In this study, the isolation and characterization of a novel virulent Shewanella phage vB_SspS_KASIA and the identification of three prophages of its host, Shewanella sp. M16, including a mitomycin-inducible Mu-like siphovirus, vB_SspS_MuM16-1, became the starting point for comparative analyses of phages infecting Shewanella spp. and the determination of their position among the known bacterial viruses. A similarity networking analysis revealed the high diversity of Shewanella phages in general, with vB_SspS_KASIA clustering exclusively with Colwellia phage 9A, with which it forms a single viral cluster composed of two separate viral subclusters. Furthermore, vB_SspS_MuM16-1 presented itself as being significantly different from the phages deposited in public databases, expanding the diversity of the known Mu-like phages and giving potential molecular markers for the identification of Mu-like prophages in bacterial genomes. Moreover, the functional analysis performed for vB_SspS_KASIA suggested that, despite the KASIA host, the M16 strain grows better in a rich medium and at 30 °C the phage replication cycle seems to be optimal in restrictive culture conditions mimicking their natural environment, the Zloty Stok gold and arsenic mine.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Terrestrial Invertebrates Inhabiting a Tidal Marsh Islet in the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Colombini ◽  
L. Chelazzi ◽  
M. Fallaci
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Diversity

The composition of the terrestrial arthropod community of a tidal marsh islet in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) was studied during two seasons (spring, autumn). The study was conducted on a small islet located in an area where the highest tidal excursions of the Mediterranean occur. Standard trapping methods (pitfall traps, mobile cages) were used to evaluate specie richness and abundance in different areas of the islet. Diversity indices were calculated for coleopterans and isopods alone. The structure of the arthropod community varied a great deal from one season to the other and differences were found when seaward areas were compared with landward ones. El Bessila presented a particularly rich beetle community whereas only few isopod species occurred. The moderately high diversity levels found for the beetle indicate the influence of the high tidal excursions in modelling the structure of the community.

scholarly journals First report on phytoplankton communities of Barishal City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Shaswati Chakraborty ◽  
Dipalok Karmaker ◽  
Subroto Kumar Das ◽  
Riyad Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Biodiversity Indices ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Species

Phytoplanktons, also called microalgae, are microscopic photosynthetic living organisms that generally found in aquatic environments. Although they are considered as the most important primary producers and bioindicators of aquatic ecosystems, there was no previous report found for Barishal City about these tiny organisms. Consequently, the present study selected 10 freshwater reservoirs from the city to investigate phytoplankton communities and listed 110 taxa under 4 phyla, 7 classes, 18 orders, 24 families and 49 genera. The distribution of Chlorophytes was abundant relatively in terms of species number (45 taxa) followed by Euglenophytes, Chlorophytes and Cyanophytes in this area. Only Euglenaceae possessed one-third of the total species of this report. Among all stations, the highest number of taxa was recorded from station 2 and according to nine biodiversity indices, the station 2 and 9 showed comparatively good results. All of the recorded taxa were previously mentioned by different authors from Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Crop, genotype, and field environmental conditions shape bacterial and fungal seed epiphytic microbiomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zayda P. Morales Moreira ◽  
Bobbi L. Helgason ◽  
James J. Germida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Microbial Assemblage ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Diversity Structure

Seeds are reproductive structures able to carry and transfer microorganisms that play an important role in plant fitness. Genetic and external factors are reported to be partly responsible for the plant microbiome assemblage, but their contribution in seeds is poorly understood. In this study, wheat, canola, and lentil seeds were analyzed to characterize diversity, structure, and persistence of seed-associated microbial communities. Five lines and 2 generations of each crop were subjected to high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Bacterial and fungal communities differed most by crop type (30% and 47% of the variance), while generation explained an additional 10% and 15% of the variance. The offspring (i.e., generation harvested in 2016 at the same location) exhibited a higher number of common amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and less variability in microbial composition. Additionally, in every sample analyzed, a “core microbiome” was detected consisting of 5 bacterial and 12 fungal ASVs. Our results suggest that crop, genotype, and field environmental conditions contributed to the seed-associated microbial assemblage. These findings not only expand our understanding of the factors influencing the seed microbiome but may also help us to manipulate and exploit the microbiota naturally carried by seeds.

scholarly journals Communities of Fungi in Black Cherry Stumps and Effects of Herbicide

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Robert Korzeniewicz ◽  
Marlena Baranowska ◽  
Hanna Kwaśna ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała ◽  
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
5.8S Rdna

So far, there have been no studies on fungal communities in Prunus serotina (black cherry) wood. Our objectives were to characterize fungal communities from P. serotina wood and to evaluate effects of glyphosate (Glifocyd 360 SL) used on P. serotina stumps on abundance, species richness and diversity of those communities. In August 2016, in the Podanin Forest District, stumps of black cherry trees left after felling were treated with the herbicide. Control stumps were treated with water. Wood discs were cut from the surface of the stumps in May and July–August 2017. Eight treatment combinations (2 herbicide treatments × 2 disc sizes × 2 sample times) were tested. Sub-samples were pooled and ground in an acryogenic mill. Environmental DNA was extracted with a Plant Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The ITS1, 5.8S rDNA region was used to identify fungal species, using primers ITS1FI2 5′-GAACCWGCGGARGGATCA-3′ and 5.8S 5′-CGCTGCGTT CTTCATCG-3′. The amplicons were sequenced using the Illumina system. The results were subjected to bioinformatic analysis. Sequences were compared with reference sequences from the NCBI database using the BLASTn 2.8.0 algorithm. Abundance of fungi was defined as the number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), and diversity as the number of species in a sample. Differences between the number of OTUs and taxa were analyzed using the chi-squared test (χ2). Diversity in microbial communities was compared using diversity indices. A total of 54,644 OTUs were obtained. Culturable fungi produced 49,808 OTUs (91.15%), fungi not known from culture had 2571 OTUs (4.70%), non-fungal organisms had 1333 (2.44%) and organisms with no reference sequence in NCBI, 934 OTUs (1.71%). The total number of taxa ranged from 120 to 319. Fungi in stump wood were significantly more abundant in July–August than in May, in stumps >5 cm diameter than in stumps <5 cm diameter, in glyphosate-treated than in untreated stumps when sampled in May, and in untreated than in glyphosate-treated stumps when sampled in July–August. Species richness was significantly greater in July–August than in May, and in stumps >5 cm diameter than in stumps <5 cm diameter, either treated or untreated, depending on size. Herbicides can therefore affect the abundance and diversity of fungal communities in deciduous tree wood. The greater frequency of Ascomycota in herbicide-treated than in untreated stumps indicates their greater tolerance of glyphosate.

Microplastics alter composition of fungal communities in aquatic ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 4447-4459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Therese Kettner ◽  
Keilor Rojas-Jimenez ◽  
Sonja Oberbeckmann ◽  
Matthias Labrenz ◽  
Hans-Peter Grossart
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Fungal Communities

Relationship between wood-inhabiting fungi determined by molecular analysis (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and quality of decaying logs

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Rajala ◽  
Mikko Peltoniemi ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
Raisa Mäkipää
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Important Species ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Decaying Wood

We investigated the fungal communities inhabiting decaying logs in a seminatural boreal forest stand in relation to host tree species, stage of decay, density, diameter, moisture, C to N ratio, Klason lignin content, and water- and ethanol-soluble extractives. Communities were profiled using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of the rDNA ITS1 region coupled with sequencing of fungal DNA extracted directly from the wood. In addition, polypore fruit bodies were inventoried. Logs from different tree species had different fungal communities and different physicochemical properties (e.g., C to N ratio, density, ethanol extractives, and diameter). Ascomycetes comprised a larger portion of communities inhabiting deciduous birch ( Betula spp.) and European aspen ( Populus tremula L.) logs compared with those living on coniferous Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.). A relationship between mycelial community structure and density of decaying spruce logs suggested a succession of fungi with mass loss of wood. The fruit body inventory underestimated fungal diversity in comparison with the culture-free denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis that also detected inconspicuous but important species inhabiting decaying wood.

scholarly journals The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20190090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Wilken ◽  
Charmaine C. M. Yung ◽  
Maria Hamilton ◽  
Kenneth Hoadley ◽  
Juliana Nzongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Unicellular Eukaryotes ◽  
Aquatic Food

Photosynthesis in eukaryotes first arose through phagocytotic processes wherein an engulfed cyanobacterium was not digested, but instead became a permanent organelle. Other photosynthetic lineages then arose when eukaryotic cells engulfed other already photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. Some of the resulting lineages subsequently lost their ability for phagocytosis, while many others maintained the ability to do both processes. These mixotrophic taxa have more complicated ecological roles, in that they are both primary producers and consumers that can shift more towards producing the organic matter that forms the base of aquatic food chains, or towards respiring and releasing CO 2 . We still have much to learn about which taxa are predatory mixotrophs as well as about the physiological consequences of this lifestyle, in part, because much of the diversity of unicellular eukaryotes in aquatic ecosystems remains uncultured. Here, we discuss existing methods for studying predatory mixotrophs, their individual biases, and how single-cell approaches can enhance knowledge of these important taxa. The question remains what the gold standard should be for assigning a mixotrophic status to ill-characterized or uncultured taxa—a status that dictates how organisms are incorporated into carbon cycle models and how their ecosystem roles may shift in future lakes and oceans. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document