Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Are Common Epidemiological Conditions in Saudi Arabia: Report of the National Epidemiological Survey

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. According to an estimate by the World Health Organization, up to 27% of the world’s population experience iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Studies conducted in the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, have suggested that IDA is the most common cause of anemia, especially among females. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IDA and iron deficiency (ID) among apparently healthy young university students from four regions in Saudi Arabia. Students were asked to complete a simple survey questionnaire; blood samples were then collected and analyzed after obtaining informed consent. A total of 981 students completed the survey, with 11% of the participants reporting symptoms of anemia; 34% of participants were diagnosed with IDA and 6% reported a diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy. Blood analysis confirmed the prevalence of ID and IDA in 28.6% and 10.7% of the participants, respectively; those with ID and IDA were mostly females (88.5% and 94%, resp.). Thalassemia trait and sickle cell trait were detected in 1.3% and 7% of participants, respectively. Our findings from a national survey among young university in Saudi Arabia indicate a high prevalence of ID and IDA.

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MARKETING STUDY OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS FOR THERAPY OF IRON DEFICIENT ANEMIA AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2020-22-9-74-81 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 74-81

Author(s):

Goryachev A.B. ◽

Kabakova T.I. ◽

Khachatryan M.M.

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

World Health ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Legal Forms ◽

Trade Names ◽

Health Organization ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Municipal Level

According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency anemia affects more than 30% of the world's population. In the Russian Federation, anemia is diagnosed in 35,6% of pregnant women, and the prevalence rate among children in the first year of life is about 83,8 ‰. In the Stavropol Territory, more than 10 thousand cases of anemia are registered annually, of which half are the first. More than 20% of these cases are diagnosed in children and adolescents. In this regard, there is a steady dynamics in the consumption of a specific nomenclature of antianemic drugs at various levels of the drug supply system: federal, regional and municipal. The purpose of the work was to analyze the availability of antianemic drugs used in the treatment of patients living in the city of Pyatigorsk, Stavropol Territory. In the course of work, we used methods of content analysis, analytical, direct observation, grouping and comparison. The studies were carried out from november 2019 to february 2020 on the basis of 11 pharmacy of various legal forms included in the pharmacy chains «Vita +», «Gorzdrav», and the «Pharmacy Warehouse» located in Pyatigorsk. When studying the pharmaceutical range of antianemic drugs, it was found that at the municipal level it includes 12 trade names of drugs based on Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. Analysis of the liquidity of the prices of antianemic drugs in the pharmacies of Pyatigorsk and the solvency of the population showed the economic affordability of most of the studied range of drugs for patients. An analysis of the width and depth of the range of antianemic drugs for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia revealed the presence of reserves for increasing the range of products for patients. It is concluded that it is necessary to consolidate the efforts of medical and pharmaceutical workers to expand the range of antianemic drugs used by patients, which will increase the quality of medical care.

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High prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants attending a well-baby clinic in NorthWestern Saudi Arabia

Saudi Medical Journal ◽

10.15537/smj.2016.4.14157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 466-467

Author(s):

Mahmood Al-Mendalawi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Northwestern Saudi Arabia ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Baby Clinic

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The Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent as a Screening Marker for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10163506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 3506

Author(s):

Vanessa Neef ◽

Elke Schmitt ◽

Peter Bader ◽

Frank Zierfuß ◽

Gudrun Hintereder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

World Health ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Screening Parameter ◽

Health Organization ◽

Screening Marker

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in children worldwide and may result in iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) provides information about the current availability of iron in erythropoiesis. This study aims to examine the validation of Ret-He as a screening marker for ID and IDA in children. Methods: Blood samples were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Anemia was defined according to the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children. ID was defined by transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% and ferritin < 100 ng/mL. Children were classified into four groups: IDA, non-anemia iron deficiency (NAID), control and others. Results: Out of 970 children, 332 (34.2%) had NAID and 278 (28.7%) presented with IDA. Analysis revealed that Ret-He significantly correlates with ferritin (rho = 0.41; p < 0.001), TSAT (rho = 0.66; p < 0.001) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) (rho = −0.72; p < 0.001). For ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.771 for Ret-He detecting ID and 0.845 for detecting IDA. The cut-off value for Ret-He to diagnose ID was 33.5 pg (sensitivity 90.7%; specificity 35.8%) and 31.6 pg (sensitivity 90.6%; specificity 50.4%) to diagnose IDA. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates Ret-He to be a screening marker for ID and IDA in children. Furthermore, Ret-He can be used as a single screening parameter for ID and IDA in children without considering other iron parameters. Economically, the use of Ret-He is highly relevant, as it can save one blood tube per patient and additional costs.

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High prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants attending a well-baby clinic in northwestern Saudi Arabia

Saudi Medical Journal ◽

10.15537/smj.2015.9.11844 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 1067-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zakaria Al Hawsawi ◽

Sami Al-Rehali ◽

Amani Mahros ◽

Ali Al-Sisi ◽

Khalid Al-Harbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Northwestern Saudi Arabia ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Baby Clinic

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Terapi Pemberian Besi pada Penderita Anemia Defisiensi Besi

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.v9i2.32863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Sabatika R Kapoh ◽

Linda W. A. Rotty ◽

Efata B. I. Polii

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Literature Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Health ◽

Iron Therapy ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Adult Men ◽

Health Organization

Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is caused by deficiency of iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis. Based on WHO data 2011, of 100% cases of patients with severe anemia, there were 50% of pregnant women, 49% of non-pregnant women, and 42% of children suffered from iron deficiency. Other literatures mentioned about 2-5% of adult men and post menopause women were diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia in developed countries. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between iron therapy in patients and iron deficiency anemia. This was a literature review study, summarizing the results of studies that included iron therapy to iron deficiency anemia patients. The results showed a positive result of iron therapy among iron deficiency anemia patients. In conclusion, there is an increase in hemoglobin among iron deficiency anemia patients after being given iron therapy.Keywords: iron deficiency anemia, iron therapy Abstrak: Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) disebabkan oleh kekurangan zat besi yang dibutuhkan untuk sintesis hemoglobin. Berdasarkan data dari WHO (World Health Organization) tahun 2011, dari 100% kasus penderita anemia berat yang dilaporkan, diperkirakan 50% wanita hamil, 49% wanita tidak hamil, dan 42% kasus anak penderita anemia didapatkan berkaitan dengan kekurangan zat besi. Data lain menyebutkan sekitar 2-5% pria dewasa dan wanita pasca menopause mengalami ADB di negara maju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian besi pada pasien anemia defisiensi besi. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil positif pemberian terapi besi pada pasien anemia defisiensi besi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat peningkatan hemoglobin pada pasien anemia defisiensi besi setelah diberikan terapi besi.Kata kunci: anemia defisiensi besi, terapi besi

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Association of Iron Supplementation Programs with Iron-Deficiency Anemia Outcomes among Children in Brazil

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1524

Author(s):

Carolina Thalya da Silva Paulino ◽

Marislei Nishijima ◽

Flavia Mori Sarti

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Federal Programs ◽

Government Programs ◽

Lengths Of Stay ◽

Social Inequities ◽

High Prevalence

Anemia remains a condition with high prevalence in populations worldwide, and the prevalence of anemia among children under five years old in Brazil is approximately 40%, being higher in communities marked by social inequities. Diverse government programs during recent decades targeted iron-deficiency anemia, considering its impacts throughout the lifetime. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two government iron supplementation programs on health outcomes related to iron-deficiency anemia among children up to 4 years old in Brazilian municipalities. A longitudinal panel encompassing data from 5570 municipalities from 1998 to 2019 was investigated using a difference-in-differences framework with multiple interventions and distinct times of adhesion, and fixed-effects models were estimated to control for invariant municipal characteristics throughout the period in order to ensure comparability. The results indicate significant effects of the federal programs in reducing hospitalizations and lengths of stay due to iron-deficiency anemia, especially in non-poor municipalities. There was complementarity in the effects of the programs; however, neither of the programs influenced mortality rates. Thus, it is important to consider possible improvements in the operationalization of the programs, in order to achieve better results in the reduction of severe iron-deficiency anemia among children up to 4 years old.

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Anemia and Pregnancy

Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences ◽

10.18782/2582-2845.8657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 127-130

Author(s):

Swapana John ◽

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

The Future ◽

The Government ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Anemia during pregnancy is a major world health concern especially in developing countries affecting the life of the women and the future of the child thereby influencing the present as well the future of the nation and the world at large. Nutritional deficiency still emerges out the main cause of iron deficiency anemia affecting the life of the pregnant women. The iron deficiency anemia has a major say in adverse pregnancy outcomes like pre term delivery, IUGR, morbidity even leading to mortality, however it is noted that severe anemia has a significant effect than moderate and mild anemia. A well balanced diet can avert this condition, nonetheless iron supplementations as per the government guidelines and various treatment available also help to tackle the situation. Education of the women and more awareness programmes on health, pregnancy and nutrition by the stakeholders can further reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

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Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with Stroke Severity in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

10.53350/pjmhs2115113004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3004-3006

Author(s):

Rabia Rathore ◽

Nasir Farooq Butt ◽

Adil Iqbal ◽

Hina Latif ◽

Mariam Azeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

World Health ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Cross Sectional

Aim: To study the relationship of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) with severity of acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 2020 to February 2021 Methods: A descriptive study of cross-sectional type was done on 200 individuals who had acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and were hospitalized at Mayo Hospital Lahore. Consecutive non-probability convenience sampling method was used to gather the data. Severity of stroke was assessed at the time of admission using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, (NIHSS) at the same time blood complete examination along with peripheral blood film was done to diagnose anemia in these patients. Iron studies were done to diagnose iron deficiency anemia (IDA). P-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: About 200individuals presenting with AIS were enrolled in the research work. Anemia according to World Health Organization was seen in 80(40%) and was not present in 120(60%) patients. Among the subjects who had anemia, 16(20%) had a minor AIS, 23(28.75%) had a moderately severe AIS, and 41(51.25%) reported with a severe AIS, according to NIHSS criteria. A notable relationship was found to exist between anemia and stroke severity, (P-value 0.000). Conclusion: Anemia was a commonly found in individuals with acute stroke due to ischemia and had direct relation with severity of stroke. Keywords: Iron deficiency Anemia, severity, ischemic stroke.

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