scholarly journals Patient Delay in Initiating Tuberculosis Treatment and Associated Factors in Oromia Special Zone, Amhara Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammed Abdu ◽  
Awraris Balchut ◽  
Eshetu Girma ◽  
Wondwosen Mebratu
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Patient Delay ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Special Zone

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem. The disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Early identification of cases and commencement of effective chemotherapy is an effective method to control the spread of tuberculosis. Delay in diagnosis and starting tuberculosis treatment increases severity, risk of mortality, and transmission of the disease in the community. Objective. The purpose of this study is to assess the magnitude of patient delay in initiating tuberculosis treatment and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients in health facilities of Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Oromia Special Zone. Data were collected using pretested questionnaires from patients with tuberculosis who are on treatment during the study period. The simple random sampling method was used to select health facilities and study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to see the significance of association between the outcome and independent variables. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Three hundred and eighty-seven tuberculosis patients aged 18 years and above enrolled in the study. Among these, 223 (57.6%) were males, 194 (50.1%) were married, and 206 (53.2%) lived in rural areas. The mean age of respondents was 35 years. The median patient delay was 35 (IQR=30) days, and 54.4% of patients seek their first consultation after 21 days. Patients who have a basic schooling level (AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.89) compared with the college/university level, long distance greater than 10 km (AOR=3.23, 95% CI: 1.97, 5.42), seeking treatment from informal source and private drug stores (AOR=3.01, 95% CI: 1.52, 5.95), extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AOR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.23), and poor knowledge about tuberculosis (AOR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.49) were associated factors that predict patient delay. Conclusion and Recommendation. A significant proportion of tuberculosis patients delayed to seek treatment. Health promotion and education involving different stake holders will make the community create awareness about tuberculosis that could help reduce delays in initiating tuberculosis treatment.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients and associated factors in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052098491
Author(s):  
Bedasa Woldemichael ◽  
Jiregna Darega ◽  
Nagasa Dida ◽  
Tamiru Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Southeast Ethiopia ◽  
Bale Zone

Objective This study assessed the outcome of tuberculosis treatment and associated factors in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia in 2017. Methods This was 5-year retrospective study of a health registry for tuberculosis patients, which was reviewed from 1 September 2011 to 30 August 2016. Data were analyzed, and descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors that were associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Results Among the 7205 tuberculosis patients, 6325 (87.8%) had a successful treatment outcome and 880 (12.2%) had an unsuccessful outcome. The age groups ≤14 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.21), 15 to 24 years (AOR=1.61), 25 to 34 years (AOR=1.86), or 35 to 44 years (AOR=1.65); being treated at a hospital (AOR=1.63) or health center (AOR=2.52); pulmonary tuberculosis-positive (AOR=0.80); or extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients (AOR= 0.78) were the factors that were significantly associated with tuberculosis treatment outcome. Conclusions Public health facilities should pay special attention to the identified variables for tuberculosis prevention and control activities, especially focusing on supporting health workers who work at a health post (lowest level of Ethiopia’s three-tiered healthcare system).

scholarly journals Assessment of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and Fluorescent Microscopy and Its Risk Factors at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Metaferia ◽  
Abdurahaman Seid ◽  
Genet Mola Fenta ◽  
Daniel Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Xpert Assay

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a significant proportion of tuberculosis cases worldwide.Objective.To determine the magnitude of EPTB, associated risk factors, and agreement of diagnostic techniques at Dessie Referral Hospital.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive presumptive EPTB cases from March 1 to June 30, 2017. Sociodemographic characteristics and other variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical specimens were collected and processed using fluorescent microscopy and Gene Xpert assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done and a P value of ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results.From a total of 353 presumptive EPTB cases the overall prevalence of Gene Xpert assay and smear confirmed patients was 8.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the predominant (33.3%) type followed by pleural (11.9%) and peritoneal (6.7%) tuberculosis. Previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly associated with extrapulmonary infection (AOR:2.8; 95%CI: 1.05-7.54; p=0.04); however, other variables such as age, residence, sex, marital status, occupation, level of education, and monthly income did not show any association.Conclusion.High proportions (71%) of Gene Xpert assay confirmed EPTB patients were smear-negative. Sensitivity of microscopy should be enhanced in resource limited countries like Ethiopia where Gene Xpert machine is not easily accessible.

scholarly journals Delay for First Consultation and Its Associated Factors among New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients of Central Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Roshan Kumar Mahato ◽  
Rajendra Koju ◽  
Kriangsak Vaeteewootacharn
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Delay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Delay Duration ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health challenge in Nepal and worldwide. Most transmissions occur between the onset of symptoms and the consultation with formal health care centers. This study aimed to determine the duration of delay for the first consultation and its associated factors with unacceptable delay among the new sputum pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the central development region of Nepal. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the central development region of Nepal between January and May 2015. New pulmonary sputum positive tuberculosis patients were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire and their medical records were reviewed. Among a total of 374 patients, the magnitude of patient delay was 53.21% (95% CI: 48.12–58.28%) with a median delay of 32 days and an interquartile range of 11–70 days. The factors associated with unacceptable patient delay (duration ≥ 30 days) were residence in the rural area (adj. OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.10–8.72;pvalue = 0.032) and DOTS center located more than 5 km away from their residences (adj. OR = 5.53, 95% CI: 2.18–13.99;pvalue < 0.001). Unemployed patients were more likely to have patient delay (adj. OR = 7.79, 95% CI: 1.64–37.00;pvalue = 0.010) when controlled for other variables.

scholarly journals Patient delay and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Gamo zone public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255327
Author(s):  
Asrat Arja ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Hadiya Hassen ◽  
Biruk Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Patient Delay ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Background Delayed tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment increase morbidity, mortality, expenditure, and transmission in the community. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are essential for effective TB control. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with patient delay among tuberculosis patients in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia from February to April 2019. Fifteen health facilities of the study area were selected randomly and 255 TB patients who were ≥18 years of age were included. Data were collected using a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Patient delay was analyzed using the median as the cut-off value. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify factors associated with patient delay. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 with 95% CI was considered to declare a statistically significant association. Results The median (inter-quartile range) of the patient delay was 30 (15–60) days. About 56.9% of patients had prolonged patients’ delay. Patient whose first contact were informal provider (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29, 3.86), presenting with weight loss (AOR: 2.53; 95%CI: 1.35, 4.74) and fatigue (AOR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.36, 4.17) and body mass index (BMI) categories of underweight (AOR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01, 3.00) were independently associated with increased odds of patient delay. However, having good knowledge about TB (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.76) significantly reduce patients’ delay. Conclusion In this study, a significant proportion of patients experienced more than the acceptable level for the patient delay. Knowledge about TB, the first action to illness, presenting symptoms, and BMI status were identified factors associated with patient delay. Hence, raising public awareness, regular training, and re-training of private and public healthcare providers, involving informal providers, and maintenance of a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in the vulnerable population could reduce long delays in the management of TB.

scholarly journals Determinants of adherence to anti-TB treatment and associated factors among adult TB patients in Gondar city administration, Northwest, Ethiopia: based on health belief model perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resom Berhe Gebremariam ◽  
Maereg Wolde ◽  
Aykerem Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background Adherence is crucial in treating Tuberculosis to achieve the required treatment success rate. However, due to the longer treatment duration, adherence to Tuberculosis treatment is the most challenging factor affecting Tuberculosis control. Furthermore, although several studies have reported the determinants of Tuberculosis treatment adherence, few of them have used Health Belief Model (HBM) as the guiding principle to determine the individual perception of health-related decisions as much or more than medical concerns with Tuberculosis treatment adherence. Therefore, this study aims to assess adherence to anti-Tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among adult Tuberculosis patients in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2020. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Tuberculosis patients following anti-Tuberculosis treatment in Gondar city health facilities from February 20 to March 26, 2020. A total of 265 Tuberculosis patients were selected by systematic random sampling techniques that include patients who were on treatment follow up for ≥ 1 month and whose age is ≥ 18 years. Data were collected by trained data collectors using interviewer administer and structured questionnaires. EPI DATA version 4.2 was used for data entry and SPSS version 24 for analysis. The logistic regression model was used to indicate the association between independent variables with adherence to anti Tuberculosis treatment. Results The overall rate of adherence to anti-Tuberculosis treatment was 90.6% within the last 4 weeks and 96.6% within the last 4 days. Multivariable analysis revealed that having treatment supporter [AOR = 3.51, 95% CI (1.15, 10.75)], difficulties in taking TB drugs regularly [AOR = 0.07, 95% CI (0.01, 0.31)], perceived benefit [AOR = 3.45, 95% CI (1.07, 11.08)] and perceived self-efficacy [AOR = 0.22, 95% CI (0.07, 0.63)] were independently associated with adherence to anti-Tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion The treatment adherence rate of the patients was low in the last month before the data survey. Treatment supporters, difficulties in taking anti Tuberculosis drugs regularly, perceived benefit, and perceived self-efficacy were identified as affecting adherence to anti-TB treatment.

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