scholarly journals Stress Reactivity Influences the Relationship between Emotional Labor Strategies and Job Burnouts among Chinese Hospital Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huihua Deng ◽  
Hanyao Wu ◽  
Xingliang Qi ◽  
Caixiang Jin ◽  
Jianmei Li
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Extant studies mostly focused on the buffering role of social and external organizational resources and personal mental resources. However, there is no research exploring the moderating role of personal physiological resources (e.g., stress reactivity). The present study is aimed at examining the interactive effect of emotional labor and stress reactivity on job burnout. The present study utilized cortisol content in a 1 cm hair segment as the biomarker of total stress reactivity in one month. The participants were 229 female hospital nurses randomly recruited from city hospitals, China. They self-reported their emotional labor strategies and job burnout syndromes and provided 1 cm hair segments closest to the scalp two weeks later after the survey. Hair cortisol content was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that hair cortisol can moderate the associations of surface acting with emotional exhaustion and personal burnout; of deep acting with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal burnout; and of expression of naturally felt emotions with professional inefficacy. In particular, nurses with high cortisol levels not only showed higher emotional exhaustion than those with low cortisol levels under high surface acting but also showed lower emotional exhaustion under low surface acting. A similar situation was true for nurses’ emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in the context of deep acting. Nurses with low hair cortisol levels not only showed higher professional inefficacy than those with high hair cortisol levels under low expression of naturally felt emotions but also showed lower professional inefficacy under high expression of naturally felt emotions. Additionally, nurses with high hair cortisol levels showed lower personal burnout than those with low hair cortisol levels under low surface acting or high deep acting. In summary, the interaction pattern between stress reactivity and emotional labor was varied with the nature of emotional labor strategy and job burnout.

scholarly journals The Effect of Emotional Labor on Presenteeism of Chinese Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Song ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Zhan Qu ◽  
Rongqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Work Related

Background: Employees who are physically present but work insufficiently because of illness are deemed as having presenteeism. In the health care setting, the issue has taken on greater importance because of the impairment of the physical and mental health of nurses and the nursing safety of the patients. According to the Job Demand-Resource Model, burnout may link emotional labor with presenteeism. Thus, this study analyzed the role of burnout as a mediating factor between the three types of emotional labor strategies and presenteeism among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,038 nurses from six Chinese hospitals was conducted. The questionnaires, including the 14-item emotional labor strategies scale, 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, 6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale, and items about demographic characteristics and work-related factors, were used to collect data. A multivariable linear regression was used to predict work-related factors and investigate the correlation of emotional labor, burnout, and presenteeism. The structural equation model was implemented to test the mediating effects of job burnout.Results: The results of the study showed that the average presenteeism score of the participants was 14.18 (4.33), which is higher than in Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian nurses. Presenteeism was explained by 22.8% of the variance in the final model in multivariable linear regression (P < 0.01). Presenteeism was found to be positively correlated with surface acting, emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment (P < 0.01). Notably, presenteeism was negatively correlated with deep acting (P < 0.01). In addition, burnout partially mediated the correlation between emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, and presenteeism with a mediatory effect of 24 and 63.31% of the total effect. Burnout completely mediated the association between surface acting and presenteeism, a mediating effect of 86.44% of the total effect.Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that different emotional labor strategies affect presenteeism, either directly or indirectly. Nursing managers should intervene to reduce presenteeism by improving the ability of the nurses to manage emotions, thereby alleviating burnout.

scholarly journals The relationships between emotional labor and job-related variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-717
Author(s):  
MoonSook Kim ◽  
YeSil Kim ◽  
Soonmook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Criterion Variables

The purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the relationships between the emotional labor and job-related variables such as burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among Korean emotional workers. In total, there were 11835 employees from 43 studies that were meta-analysed in the present study using Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s and Borenstein et al.(2009)’s procedures. It was revealed that emotional labors, depending on whether they were surface acting or deep acting, have different relationships with criterion variables. That is, the surface acting was positively related with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and turnover intention. In contrast, the deep acting was negatively related with emotional depersonalization and positively related with organizational commitment. It was revealed that professionality of service was a thoretical moderator and source of papers was a methodological moderator. Comparing with a meta-analytic study in Western literature, it was shown that deep acting strategy would bring desirable results to organizations in terms of the relationships between emotional labors and criterion variables such as burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Lastly, implications and limitations of the study, and directions for future research were discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of emotional labor(surface acting, deep acting) and job burnout on job satisfaction among securities branch clerks

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-295
Author(s):  
SoonJeong Yang ◽  
DonHun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderated mediating effect of emotional intelligence on emotional labor(surface acting, deep acting) and job burnout on job satisfaction among securities branch clerks. A total of 288 securities clerks were asked to complete the questionnaires and the data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 7.0. The results were as follows. First, surface acting had no significant effect on job satisfaction. Seocond, deep acting had significantly positive effect on job satisfaction. Third, surface acting were found to have significantly positive effect on job burnout. Fourth, deep acting were found to have significantly negative effect on job burnout. Fifth, job burnout is shown to have significantly negative effect on job satisfaction. Sixth, a mediating model showed that an association between surface acting and deep acting and job satisfaction were partially mediated by job burnout. Seventh, emotional intelligence showed the moderated mediating effect of deep acting and job burnout on job satisfaction. Finally, the implications and limitation of the present study are discussed.

scholarly journals Emotional Labor Strategies And Service Performance: The Mediating Role Of Employee Creativity

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xinmei Liu ◽  
Zizhen Geng
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Employee Creativity ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Frontline Employee ◽  
Mediating Role

This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the effects of different emotional labor strategies on frontline employee creativity in the context of service industry, and it also studies the mediating role of frontline employee creativity in the relationships between frontline employees emotional labor strategies and the two aspects of customer service performance. Based on the data of 424 employeesupervisor dyads in China, the empirical results indicate that surface acting decreases employee creativity and extra role performance, while deep acting increases employee creativity, role-prescribed performance and extra role performance; employee creativity mediates both the negative influence of surface acting on extra role performance and the positive influences of deep acting on role-prescribed and extra role performances. The results have some theoretical and practical implications on service creativity and emotion management in service industry.

scholarly journals How Does Emotional Labor Impact Employees’ Perceptions of Well-Being? Examining the Mediating Role of Emotional Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao ◽  
Gao ◽  
Chen ◽  
Mu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Bank Employees

Since bank employees are prone to high psychological pressure, it is key to explore the influencing mechanism of their emotional labor so as to relieve their pressure, as well as improve organizational performance and service quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of emotional labor on bank employees’ well-being and to determine the mediating role of emotional disorder in this relationship. Employees responded to a survey regarding their use of emotional labor as well as perceptions of their well-being and emotional disorder. The results showed that employees’ use of emotional labor was related to their perceptions of well-being and confirmed the mediating role of emotional disorder in this relationship. The results indicated that surface acting has a significant negative impact on employee well-being, while deep acting has a significant positive impact. Moreover, emotional disorder played a role in mediating emotional labor and employee well-being, and emotional disorder was positively correlated with surface acting and negatively correlated with deep acting. The results revealed that developing deep-acting skills is important for increasing front-line bank staff’s well-being in China, who are accustomed to repressing their emotions, and emotional disorder might occur more often than has been previously believed, which worsens their well-being.

Workplace Emotions: A Study of Frontline Hotel Employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Swati Soni
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Worker Support ◽  
High Level

The study examines the phenomenon of emotional labour, with a special reference to the frontline hotel employees. Deep acting and surface acting have been discussed as emotion regulation processes. The study hypothesized that emotional labour results in emotional exhaustion and co-worker support acts as a moderator in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and emotional labour. Responses of 140 frontline hotel employees were measured using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on emotional labour, consequent emotional exhaustion and moderating role of co-worker support in the proposed relationship. The findings suggest that emotional labour leads to emotional exhaustion, and surface acting was positively related to emotional exhaustion and deep acting was negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Male and female employees, in similar profiles, showed differences in their emotional experiences and emotion regulation processes. Co-worker support was found to have a ‘reverse buffering’ effect suggesting that high level of co-worker support may result in decrease in job satisfaction as emotional labour increases. This was indeed an interesting observation. The article discusses the managerial implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Is Familism a Motivator or Stressor? Relationships Between Confucian Familism, Emotional Labor, Work-Family Conflict, and Emotional Exhaustion Among Chinese Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Zhu ◽  
Guoxiu Tian ◽  
Hongbiao Yin ◽  
Wenjie He
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Chinese Teachers ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Work Family

To reveal the cultural effect in the job demands-resources model, this study examined how Confucian familism, emotional labor, and work-family conflict (WFC) explain the variance in teachers’ emotional exhaustion, with a focus on the mediating roles of emotional labor and WFC. With a sample of 3,312 teachers in China, the results of this study revealed that surface acting and expression of naturally felt emotion (ENFE) and WFC mediated the relationship between familism and emotional exhaustion. Moreover, familism positively predicted deep acting, ENFE, WFC, and emotional exhaustion, while negatively predicted surface acting. These findings suggest that Confucian familism may play the dual role of motivator and stressor for Chinese teachers’ emotional labor and well-being. This study contributes to the job demands-resources theory by revealing the important role of cultural traditions and provides valuable information for interventions to sustain teacher well-being.

scholarly journals The effect of subordinate’s emotional labor on job burnout and job engagement

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-480
Author(s):  
DongKyun Kwon ◽  
MyoungSo Kim ◽  
YoungSeok Han
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
On Line ◽  
Future Research Directions

The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the effect of subordinate’s emotional labor(surface acting, deep acting) on job burnout(emotional exhaustion, cynicism, inefficacy) and job engagement(vigor, dedication, absorption), and (2) verify whether perceived organizational support moderates the relationships between emotional labor and job related attitudes. A total of 547 employees working at various companies in Korea participated in an on-line survey, 495 data were used for statistical analysis after the elimination of inadequate sample. The results showed that surface acting positively affected job burnout while negatively affecting the job engagement. It was found that deep acting positively affected job engagement, but it had no significant effect on job burnout. The results also demonstrated that perceived organizational support moderated the relationships between surface acting and job burnout as well as relationships between deep acting and job engagement. On the basis of the results, the implications and future research directions were discussed.

Customer-Related Social Stressors and Emotional Exhaustion: The Mediating Role of Surface and Deep Acting

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1359-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Song ◽  
Haihua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Customer Expectation ◽  
The Relationship

The role of surface acting and deep acting in mediating the relationship between customer-related social stressors (CSS) and emotional exhaustion were examined in this study. Employees (N = 310) working in the call-center industry were surveyed. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that two CSS components; disproportionate customer expectation and customer verbal aggression, were positively related to emotional exhaustion, and that surface acting fully mediated the relationship between disproportionate customer expectation and emotional exhaustion. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Employees' Emotional Labor and Emotional Exhaustion: Trust and Gender as Moderators

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlan Wang ◽  
Shenghua Huang ◽  
Hongbiao Yin ◽  
Zheng Ke
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Men Managers ◽  
And Gender

In order to obtain a comprehensive insight into the nature of service employees' emotional labor, we examined the effect of gender and employees' trust in colleagues on the relationship between their emotional labor and emotional exhaustion. We focused on two emotional labor strategies: surface acting and deep acting. Participants comprised 679 Chinese service employees. The results showed that trust in colleagues strengthened the negative relationship between employees' deep acting and emotional exhaustion but also exacerbated the positive relationship between employees' surface acting and emotional exhaustion. The exacerbating effect of trust was especially strong for female surface actors. The findings suggest that women have a propensity for risk aversion and are more sensitive to the establishment of trust relationships than are men. Managers should consider surface acting as part of the makeup of the psychological well-being of employees.

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