Prevalence and Factors Associated with Early Sexual Initiation among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia

Background. Early age at first sexual practice is a public health issue and now common around the world especially in the developing countries. The development of effective strategies to reduce the adverse consequences of early sexual initiation becomes real when sufficient data is available. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated to early sexual initiation among college students in southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 college students in southwest Ethiopia from April to May 2018. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data were collected using structured pretested self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the effect of independent variables on the outcome variable. Significance was declared at p < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results. The proportion of early sexual initiation among college students was 17.9%, 95% CI (14.4%-24.4%). The mean age of sexual intercourse was 17.6 (±2 SD) years. Nearly three-fourths (73.4%) of the respondent’s reason for early sexual intercourse was falling in love. More than half (62.2%) of the respondents used a condom for their first sexual intercourse. The factors associated with early sexual initiation were being female ( AOR = 2.09 and 95% CI [1.17-2.35]), chewing khat ( AOR = 7.05 and 95% CI [3.81-13.1]), exposed to pornographic materials at age < 18 years ( AOR = 3.57 and 95% CI [1.94-6.89]), and poor knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases ( AOR = 8.69 and 95% CI [3.52-21.5]). Conclusion. The prevalence of early sexual initiation among college students was alarmingly high. This may be associated with a huge burden of poor sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, creating awareness of the factors and related negative sexual and reproductive health effect of early sexual initiation for young peoples through the use of mass media (television and radio), school teachers, and parents plays a paramount importance.

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Behavioral Profiles and Attitude toward Condom Use among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/9582139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tewodros Yosef ◽

Tadesse Nigussie

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Condom Use ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rural Resident ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Factors Associated

Background. Unsafe sexual behavior among adolescents still represents a public health challenge. To have safe sex, effective condom utilization is needed. Condom use remains relatively low among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Even though adolescents have good knowledge about condom use, they are still engaged in risky sexual behavior. Objective. To assess condom use and attitude toward condom use among college students in southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 students at Mizan-Aman Polytechnic College in southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered using EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was computed. Independent variables with a p value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered significant. Results. Of the 453, 180 were sexually active. Among those sexually active, 119 (66.1%) used condoms in their last sexual intercourse. The proportion of positive attitude toward condom use was 53.4%, and the mean attitude score for condom use was 28.6 (±9.99 SD) ranging from 10 to 50. The study also found that being male (AOR=1.77, 95% CI [1.19-2.65]), rural resident (AOR=2.20, 95% CI [1.47-3.30]), ever had sex (AOR=1.87, 95% CI [1.23-2.85]), and knowledge of STIs (AOR=1.66, 95% CI [1.10-2.51]) were factors associated with a positive attitude toward condom use. Conclusion. The proportion of positive attitude toward condom use among college students in Ethiopia was low. The study also found that being male, rural resident, ever had sex, and knowledge of STIs were factors associated with a positive attitude toward condom use. Therefore, strengthening information, education, and communication (IEC) on condom self-efficacy; providing condoms on campuses; and imparting education about sexually transmitted infections for young adults are central for improving condom use and attitudes toward condom use. Besides, inculcating sexual and reproductive health in the educational curriculum plays paramount importance.

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Parent-Adolescent Discussion on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Its Associated Factors Among Parents in Sawla Town, Gofa Zone, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1124759/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nigatu Teferi Malango ◽

Tadele Yohannes Hegena ◽

Netsanet Abera Assefa

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Scale Up ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

P Value ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background: Parent-adolescent discussion on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues leads to increased awareness on reproductive health matters and reduces risky behaviors among adolescents and also is the base to reduce depraved reproductive health outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess parent-adolescent discussion on SRH issues and its associated factors in Sawla town, Southern Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among parents in Sawla town from March to April 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 697 study subjects. Data were entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Variables with p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into multiple logistic regression models to test for association with the dependent variable at 95 % confidence level (CI). P-value less than 0.05 and 95 % CI for adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used to declare the significance of the associations with the outcome variable.Results: Of the total participants, 168 (25.7%) respondents had reported discussion about at least two components of SRH issues in the last six months prior to the study. Multiple logistic regression model revealed that parents who attended primary education (AOR 3, 95% CI: 1.10, 7.70), secondary education (AOR 9, 95% CI: 3.87, 20.64) and diploma and above (AOR 22.33, 95% CI: 9.49, 32.56), monthly income of above 2000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR 2.40, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.55), good knowledge (AOR 2, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.50)and positive attitude (AOR 4, 95% CI: 1.57, 10) towards SRH issues were statically significant with parent to adolescent discussion.Conclusion: The occurrence of parent-adolescent SRH discussion is low in Sawla town. Educational status, average monthly income, knowledge and attitude on SRH issues were major factors affecting parent-adolescent discussion on SRH issues. Continuous capacity building on SRH issues for parents to increase the level of parental knowledge and attitude about SRH issues and sustainable advocacy should be provided about the importance of parent to adolescent discussion. Moreover, it is important to support and scale up the adult learning program to decrease the level of illiteracy.

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Factors associated with symptoms of reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted infection and treatment seeking behavior among men in Tamil Nadu, India

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v4i2.23689 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

Ramesh Chellan

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Study Results ◽

Seeking Behavior

The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action paid attention to male sexual and reproductive health issues including RTI/STI as well as infertility, sexual dysfunction and sexual violence. In India, male reproductive health problems had been recognized as a public health issue. This paper is an attempt to examine the determinants of prevalence of RTI/STI and treatment seeking behavior and their socio-economic and demographic characteristics in Tamil Nadu, India by using the data of the District Level Household Survey-Reproductive and Child Health Survey, 2002-04. The logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with symptoms of RTI/STI and treatment seeking behavior for RTI/STI symptoms respectively. The study results indicated that about 2.8% of respondents reported at least one symptom of RTI/STI. One-fifth (19.5%) of them had reported two or more symptoms. Among those who reported symptoms, 45.5% of men sought treatment from some sources. Multivariate analysis revealed that men residing in the Inland region, belonging to Muslim, men with high standard of living, and aware about HIV/AIDS were sig-nificantly less likely to report symptoms of RTI/STI. Men whose wife reported experience of symptoms of RTI/STI are significantly more likely to report symptom of RTI/STI. Further, men whose wife experienced symptoms of RTI/STI, and who ever discussed RTI/STI symptoms with their wife were significantly more likely to seek treatment from pubic as well as private health facility. The study suggests that there is an urgent need to address public health care services and a need to take necessary steps to provide quality health care and user friendly sexual and reproductive health care services.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 7-15

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Sexual and Reproductive Health in China

10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.224 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qianling Zhou ◽

Chu-Yao Jin ◽

Hai-Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual Transmission ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

The Disabled ◽

Gender Based ◽

Contraceptive Practice ◽

Hiv Aids

Databases of PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to search relevant articles on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in China published from 2005 to the present (2021), based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Operational Framework on Sexual Health and Its Linkages to Reproductive Health. The following results were found. (a) SRH education and information among the Chinese were insufficient, in particular regarding contraception, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Adolescents, migrants, and the rural population had insufficient knowledge of SRH. (b) Fertility care services were mainly available in large cities, in urban areas, and for married couples. Services targeted for rural-to-urban migrants, rural residents, and the disabled and elderly are needed. (c) A total of 22.4% of youths aged 15–24 had premarital sexual intercourse, and the age of first sexual intercourse was decreasing. Risky sexual behaviors included multiple partners, casual and commercial sex, and having sex after drinking alcohol. (d) The contraceptive practice rate of women aged 15–49 in China was higher than the world’s corresponding figure. However, contraceptive use among young people was low (only 32.3% among unmarried women). (e) Unmarried pregnancy induced by low contraceptive practice is a critical issue in China. (f) Induced abortion was the major consequence of unmarried pregnancy. The rate of induced abortion among the general population in 2016 was 28.13‰, and the rate among unmarried women was increasing annually. (g) There were 958,000 HIV-infected cases in China as of October 2019. Sexual transmission was the major transmission route of HIV-AIDS. More men than women were infected. Men having sex with men comprised the high-risk group of sexual transmission of HIV-AIDS. (h) Gender-based violence including intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual violence, sexual coercion, and child sexual abuse (CSA) might be underreported in China, since many victims were afraid to seek help as well as due to limited services. Legal and regulatory measures should therefore be taken to prevent and reduce gender-based violence. For future perspectives of SRH in China, it is important to pay attention to SRH education and services. An up-to-date national survey on SRH is needed to reflect the current situation and to capture changes over the past decade. Most of the current research has been conducted among adolescents, and more studies are needed among other groups, such as the disabled, the elderly, and homosexual populations.

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Sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1809-4503201400050010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 116-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽

Marília Lavocart Nunes ◽

Fátima de Carvalho Madeira ◽

Maria Goreth Santos ◽

Silvia Reise Bregmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

School Based

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the sexual behavior among students who participated in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2012 and investigates whether social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances and the dissemination of information on sexual and reproductive health in school are associated with differences in behavior. METHODOLOGY: The response variable was the sexual behavior described in three categories (never had sexual intercourse, had protected sexual intercourse, had unprotected sexual intercourse). The explanatory variables were grouped into socio- demographic characteristics, substance use and information on sexual and reproductive health in school. Variables associated with the conduct and unprotected sex were identified through multinomial logistic regression, using "never had sexual intercourse" as a reference. RESULTS: Over nearly a quarter of the adolescents have had sexual intercourse in life, being more frequent among boys. About 25% did not use a condom in the last intercourse. Low maternal education and work increased the chance of risky sexual behavior. Any chance of protected and unprotected sex increased with the number of psychoactive substances used. Among those who don't receive guidance on the prevention of pregnancy in school, the chance to have sexual intercourse increased, with the largest magnitude for unprotected sex (OR = 1.41 and OR = 1.87 ). CONCLUSION: The information on preventing pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated before the 9th grade. Social inequalities negatively affect risky sexual behavior. Substance use is strongly associated with unprotected sex. Information on the prevention of pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated early.

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Disparities in utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among high school adolescents from youth friendly service implemented and non-implemented areas of Southern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.22696/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bayu Haile ◽

Mulugeta Shegaze ◽

Tesfaye Feleke ◽

Mustefa Glagn ◽

Eshetu Andarge

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Services Utilization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Open Discussion ◽

Youth Friendly Service ◽

Youth Friendly

Abstract Background: In recent years, much effort was made to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRH) to adolescents and youths in Ethiopia particularly through establishment of youth friendly service (YFS) corners as part of the existing health care facilities. The existing evidences focused on investigating the utilization of SRH services at YFS established areas alone. There is a dearth of evidence which compares the SRH service use between the YFS implemented and non-implemented areas so that evidences can be drawn to suggest on the successes of the expansion of youth friendly corners. Methods: A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a multistage cluster sampling method. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and the collected data were entered in to Epidata version 4.4.1 software and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. χ2 test was used to see a significant difference in SRH service utilization among adolescents from YFS implemented and non-implanted areas. The association between the SRH services utilization and the independent variables were examined using binary logistic regression. Finally, variables having p-value less than or equal to 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered as statistically significant.Results: There were a significant difference in the rate of SRH service utilization between YFS implemented (33.8%) and YFS non- implemented (9.9%) areas (χ2=37.49, p<0.001). Higher educational status of mothers (AOR=2.588, 95 % CI: 1.220, 5.491), having open discussion with family (AOR=3.175, 95%CI: 1.624, 6.206), having good knowledge (AOR= 4.511, 95% CI: 2.458, 8.278) and having positive attitude (AOR= 5.084, 95% CI: 2.764, 9.352) were factors positively associated with SRH services utilization.Conclusion: Compared with high schools from YFS implemented areas, the SRH service utilization was significantly lower among students from high schools where health facilities did not implement YFS. There is a need for enhancing efforts to establish YFS corners by the stakeholders at different hierarchies at places where the centers were not established so that SRH service uptake would be improved. In addition, it is better to promote open discussion with adolescents at the family level, and emphasis should be given for women education in the broad sense. Furthermore, wide-range awareness creation strategies should be used to address poor knowledge and negative attitude.

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Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in Wuhan, China During the Normalization Stage of COVID-19 Prevention and Control

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.742950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jincong Yu ◽

Ziyun Yang ◽

Yuqin Wu ◽

Ming Ge ◽

Xuemei Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Online Learning ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control ◽

At Home

Objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has led to persistent negative psychological effects on the general public, especially on college students, who are highly susceptible to psychological difficulties, such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Little information is known about depressive symptoms among college students during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control in China. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms after a long quarantine time and online learning at home among college students in Wuhan, China.Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2020 during the Chinese summer holiday to collect data on sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, and their potential associated factors using an electronic questionnaire among college students in Wuhan, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 9,383 college students were included in the analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.8% (1,486/9,383) among college students. The binary logistic regression showed that the experience of being quarantined for observation or treatment, family members or friends dying of COVID-19, rarely or never seeking help from others, fewer supportive relatives or friends, less support from family in the past month, a worse relationship with parents at home, a longer time spent daily on electronic devices except for online learning, and feeling anxious in the face of returning to school were independently associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Academic stress and concern about the epidemic were the main reasons for their anxiety.Conclusions: Targeted psychological intervention measures are recommended for college students to improve their mental health during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control.

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Utilization and Associated Factors among College Students at West Arsi Zone in Oromia Region, Ethiopia

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/3408789 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Demelash Wachamo ◽

Yadessa Tegene ◽

Abdisa Tibeso ◽

Assefa Washo

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arsi Zone

Background. Young people are challenged with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems due to limited access to services and information. It contributes a high burden of sexually transmitted disease, unsafe abortion, and premature mortality, especially in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the SRH service utilization and associated factors among college students at West Arsi Zone in Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 519 randomly selected college students from January 01, 2019, up to April 30, 2019. Data were collected through self-administered pretested questionnaires. Data entry and analysis for descriptive and logistic regression models were performed by using SPSS (version 23). The result was declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. The utilization of at least one SRH service in the last twelve months was seen in 304 (58.6%) students. Mainly information and counseling (81.3%), voluntary testing and counseling for HIV (80.6%), condom service (37.2%), pregnancy test (35.5%), family planning services (33.2%), and abortion care services (26.0%) were most frequently utilized. The students’ aged between 20 and 24 years [AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.38–3.06], female students [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.30–2.82], those not living with family [AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05–2.26], those who discussed about SRH with family/friends [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31–2.82], and those who participated in school clubs [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.58] more frequently used SRH service compared with their counterparts. Conclusions. The utilization of SRH services was low when compared with other studies and needs improvements to tackle RH-related problems. It requires pertinent health education and the SRH club at higher educational institutions is crucial.

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Disparities in utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among high school adolescents from youth friendly service implemented and non-implemented areas of Southern Ethiopia

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-020-00508-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bayu Haile ◽

Mulugeta Shegaze ◽

Tesfaye Feleke ◽

Mustefa Glagn ◽

Eshetu Andarge

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Services Utilization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Open Discussion ◽

Youth Friendly Service ◽

Youth Friendly

Abstract Background In recent years, much effort was made to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRH) to adolescents and youths in Ethiopia particularly through establishment of youth friendly service (YFS) corners as part of the existing health care facilities. The existing evidences focused on investigating the utilization of SRH services at YFS established areas alone. There is a dearth of evidence which compares the SRH service use between the YFS implemented and non-implemented areas so that evidences can be drawn to suggest on the successes of the expansion of youth friendly corners. Methods A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a multistage cluster sampling method. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and the collected data were entered in to Epidata version 4.4.1 software and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. χ2 test was used to see a significant difference in SRH service utilization among adolescents from YFS implemented and non-implanted areas. The association between the SRH services utilization and the independent variables were examined using binary logistic regression. Finally, variables having p-value less than or equal to 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered as statistically significant. Results There were a significant difference in the rate of SRH service utilization between YFS implemented (33.8%) and YFS non- implemented (9.9%) areas (χ2 = 37.49, p < 0.001). Higher educational status of mothers (AOR = 2.588, 95% CI: 1.220, 5.491), having open discussion with family (AOR = 3.175, 95%CI: 1.624, 6.206), having good knowledge (AOR = 4.511, 95% CI: 2.458, 8.278) and having positive attitude (AOR = 5.084, 95% CI: 2.764, 9.352) were factors positively associated with SRH services utilization. Conclusion Compared with high schools from YFS implemented areas, the SRH service utilization was significantly lower among students from high schools where health facilities did not implement YFS. There is a need for enhancing efforts to establish YFS corners by the stakeholders at different hierarchies at places where the centers were not established so that SRH service uptake would be improved. In addition, it is better to promote open discussion with adolescents at the family level, and emphasis should be given for women education in the broad sense. Furthermore, wide-range awareness creation strategies should be used to address poor knowledge and negative attitude.

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