C-Reactive Protein Levels in relation to Incidence of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Objective. To explore the association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and incident hypertension, as well as the association between hs-CRP levels and related covariates, in a Chinese adult population. Methods. This study was based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a continuing open, large-scale prospective cohort study. Adult participants who were free of hypertension were included at baseline survey in 2009 and were followed up in 2015 (follow-up rate: 77.45%). The hs-CRP was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method and divided into three groups: low-risk group (0 ≤ hs-CRP <1 mg/L), average-risk group (1 ≤ hs-CRP <3 mg/L), and high-risk group (3 ≤ hs-CRP ≤10 mg/L). Definite diagnosis of hypertension in the follow-up survey in 2015 was the endpoint event of this study. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the predictive value of the hs-CRP. Results. 3794 participants were finally included as study sample, of whom 912 developed hypertension during a 6-year follow-up period (incidence: 24.1%). The incidences of hypertension in hs-CRP low-risk, average-risk, and high-risk groups were 17.6% (200/1135), 25.9% (521/2015), and 29.7% (191/644), respectively. Spearman’s correlation analyses showed that there was significant positive correlation between hs-CRP levels and waist circumference, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, age, body mass index, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Stepwise regression analyses showed that participants in the hs-CRP high-risk group had a 46.2% higher risk of developing hypertension compared with those in the hs-CRP low-risk group (odds ratio: 1.462, 95% confidence interval: 1.018–2.101). Baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and waist circumference contributed the most to the development of hypertension with R2 of 0.076, 0.052, and 0.039, respectively, while hs-CRP had lower area under the curve (AUC) for hypertension, adding baseline BP and WC to the prediction model increased the AUC to 0.708 (95% CI: 0.681–0.735). Conclusion. This study revealed a weak positive association between CRP levels and future incidence of hypertension in the Chinese population. The combination of hs-CRP with baseline BP and waist circumference (WC) had a higher predictive value for hypertension (AUC: 0.708), but the predictive value was still limited.

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Abstract 19763: Role of HAS-BLED Score on Major Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-eluting Stents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.19763 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Yoshitaka Ito ◽

Kazuhiro Naito ◽

Katsuhisa Waseda ◽

Hiroaki Takashima ◽

Akiyoshi Kurita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

High Risk ◽

Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Major Bleeding ◽

Stent Implantation ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk

Background: While anticoagulant therapy is standard management for atrial fibrillation (Af), dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is needed after stent implantation for coronary artery disease. HAS-BLED score estimates risk of major bleeding for patients on anticoagulation to assess risk-benefit in Af care. However, it is little known about usefulness of HAS-BLED score in Af patient treated with coronary stents requiring DAPT or DAPT plus warfarin (triple therapy: TT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HAS-BLED score on major bleeding in Af patients undergoing DAPT or TT. Methods: A total of 837 consecutive patients were received PCI in our hospital from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2010, and 66 patients had Af or paroxysmal Af at the time of PCI. Clinical events including major bleeding (cerebral or gastrointestinal bleeding) were investigated up to 3 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on HAS-BLED score (High-risk group: HAS-BLED score≥4, n=19 and Low-risk group: HAS-BLED score<4, n=47). DAPT therapy was required for a minimum 12 months after stent implantation and warfarin was prescribed based on physicians’ discretion. Management/change of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy during follow-up periods were also up to physicians’ discretion. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between High-risk and Low-risk group except for age. Overall incidence of major bleeding was observed in 8 cases (12.1%) at 3 years follow-up. Major bleeding event was significantly higher in High-risk group compared with Low-risk group (31.6% vs. 4.3%, p=0.002). However, management of DAPT and TT was not different between the 2 groups. Among component of HAS-BLED score, renal dysfunction and bleeding contributed with increased number of the score. Conclusion: High-risk group was more frequently observed major bleeding events compared with Low-risk group in patients with Af following DES implantation regardless of antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy.

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Application of a Validated Predictive Model for Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer to Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.534.534 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 534-534

Author(s):

Natasha Catherine Edwin ◽

Jesse Keller ◽

Suhong Luo ◽

Kenneth R Carson ◽

Brian F. Gage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Research Funding ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

Intermediate Risk ◽

Discriminative Ability ◽

Blood Institute ◽

C Statistic

Abstract Background Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a 9-fold increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Current guidelines recommend pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in patients with MM receiving an immunomodulatory agent in the presence of additional VTE risk factors (NCCN 2015, ASCO 2014, ACCP 2012). However, putative risk factors vary across guidelines and no validated VTE risk tool exists for MM. Khorana et al. developed a VTE risk score in patients with solid organ malignancies and lymphoma (Blood, 2008). We sought to apply the Khorana et al. score in a population with MM. Methods We identified patients diagnosed with MM within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) between September 1, 1999 and December 31, 2009 using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-03 code 9732/3. We followed the cohort through October 2014. To eliminate patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma, we excluded patients who did not receive MM-directed therapy within 6 months of diagnosis. We also excluded patients who did not have data for hemoglobin (HGB), platelet (PLT) count, white blood count (WBC), height and weight, as these are all variables included in the Khorana et al. risk model. Height and weight were assessed within one month of diagnosis and used to calculate body mass index (BMI). We measured HGB, PLT count, and WBC count prior to treatment initiation: within two months of MM diagnosis. A previously validated algorithm, using a combination of ICD-9 code for VTE plus pharmacologic treatment for VTE or IVC filter placement, identified patients with incident VTE after MM diagnosis (Thromb Res, 2015). The study was approved by the Saint Louis VHA Medical Center and Washington University School of Medicine institutional review boards. We calculated VTE risk using the Khorana et al. score: We assigned 1 point each for: PLT ≥ 350,000/μl, HGB < 10 g/dl, WBC > 11,000/μl, and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2. Patients with 0 points were at low-risk, 1-2 points were considered intermediate-risk and ≥3 points were termed high-risk for VTE. We assessed the relationship between risk-group and development of VTE using logistic regression at 3- and 6-months. We tested model discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (concordance statistic, c) with a c-statistic range of 0.5 (no discriminative ability) to 1.0 (perfect discriminative ability). Results We identified 1,520 patients with MM: 16 were high-risk, 802 intermediate-risk, and 702 low-risk for VTE using the scoring system in the Khorana et al. score. At 3-months of follow-up, a total of 76 patients developed VTE: 27 in the low-risk group, 48 in the intermediate-risk group, and 1 in the high-risk group. At 6-months of follow-up there were 103 incident VTEs: 41 in the low-risk group, 61 in the intermediate-risk group, and 1 in the high-risk group. There was no significant difference between risk of VTE in the high- or intermediate-risk groups versus the low-risk group (Table 1). The c-statistic was 0.56 at 3-months and 0.53 at 6-months (Figure 1). Conclusion Previously, the Khorana score was developed and validated to predict VTE in patients with solid tumors. It was not a strong predictor of VTE risk in MM. There is a need for development of a risk prediction model in patients with MM. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Carson: American Cancer Society: Research Funding. Gage:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Research Funding. Kuderer:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Consultancy, Honoraria. Sanfilippo:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Research Funding.

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The predictive role of Ki-67 protein in determining the aggressiveness of primary malignant bone tumors. A retrospective study

Romanian Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology ◽

10.2478/rojost-2019-0018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

Ioan-Mihai Japie ◽

Dragoș Rădulescu ◽

Adrian Bădilă ◽

Alexandru Papuc ◽

Traian Ciobanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Ewing Sarcoma ◽

Bone Tumors ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

The Other ◽

Malignant Bone Tumors ◽

Ki 67

AbstractIntroduction: In order to diagnose and stage malignant bone tumors, the pathologic examination of harvested pieces with immunohistochemistry test is necessary; they also provide information regarding the prognosis on a medium to long term. Among tissular biomarkers with potential predictive value, a raised Ki-67 protein level is used to determine the risk of local recurrence or metastasis.Material and method: This study was performed on 50 patients with primary malignant bone tumors admitted in the Traumatology and Orthopedy Department of University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest. Patients repartition according to diagnosis was the following: 21 patients with osteosarcoma, 18 patients with chondrosarcoma, 6 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 3 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and 2 with fibrosarcoma. The follow-up period was between 12 and 72 months with a mean of 26 months.Results: Patients were aged between 18 and 77 years old, with a mean age of 41,36. There were 22 women and 28 men. No sex or age difference was notable for the tumor outcome. After calculating the Ki-67 LI, 36 patients were included in the high-risk group (Ki-67 LI > 25%), while 14 had a low risk for metastasis and local relapse (Ki-67 < 25%). The low-risk patients had chondrosarcoma (8 patients), osteosarcoma (5 patients), and fibrosarcoma (1 patient). During the follow-up, 8 patients, all belonging to the high risk group, developed metastasis, while 5 patients developed local recurrences; 4 patients who relapsed belonged to the high risk group and 1 to the low risk group. Metastases developed in 3 patients with osteosarcoma, 2 with Ewing sarcoma, 2 with chondrosarcoma and 1 patient with fibrosarcoma. Most metastases occurred within one year after surgery. The other fibrosarcoma patient developed local recurrence after 6 months, while the other local recurrences occurred in osteosarcoma patients (2 cases) and 1 in a Ewing sarcoma patient and chondrosarcoma patient.Conclusions: Our study concluded that while Ki-67 LI values are useful in determining the aggressivity of primary malignant bone tumors, it should always be used in conjunction with the clinical, imaging and anatomopathological diagnosis methods in order to accurately predict the patients’ outcome.

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Validation of Clinical Prognostic Models and Integration of Genetic Biomarkers of Drug Resistance in CLL Patients Treated with Ibrutinib

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-99-110326 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 186-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Inhye E. Ahn ◽

Xin Tian ◽

Maher Albitar ◽

Sarah E. M. Herman ◽

Erika M. Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Risk Group ◽

Risk Groups ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

Prognostic Models ◽

Discovery Cohort ◽

Treatment Naïve ◽

Equity Ownership

Abstract Introduction: We previously reported a prognostic scoring system in CLL using pre-treatment factors in patients treated with ibrutinib [Ahn et al, 2016 ASH Annual Meeting]. Here we present long-term follow-up results and validation of the prognostic models in a large independent cohort of patients. We also determine the incidence of resistance-conferring mutations in BTK and PLCG2 genes in different clinical risk groups. Methods and Patients: The discovery cohort comprised 84 CLL patients on a phase II study with either TP53 aberration (deletion 17p or TP53 mutation) or age ≥65 years (NCT01500733). The validation cohort comprised 607 patients pooled from four phase II and III studies for ibrutinib in treatment-naïve or relapsed/refractory CLL (NCT01105247; NCT01578707; NCT01722487; NCT01744691). All patients received single-agent ibrutinib 420mg once daily. We used Cox regression models to identify independent predictors of PFS, Kaplan-Meier method to estimate probabilities of PFS, log-rank test to compare PFS, and Cochran-Armitage trend test to compare the incidence of mutation among subgroups. We used R version 3.5.0 or SAS® version 9.3 for statistical analyses. For biomarker correlation, we tested cellular DNA or cell-free DNA collected from patients in the discovery cohort with the targeted sequencing of BTK and PLCG2 genes. Result: At a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 28 (33.3%) of 84 patients in the discovery cohort progressed or died. 52 (61.9%) patients had treatment-naïve CLL. Independent factors of PFS on univariate analysis were; TP53 aberration, prior treatment, and β-2 microglobulin (B2M) >4mg/L (P<0.05 for all tests). Unmutated IGHV and advanced Rai stage (III/IV) showed a trend toward inferior outcome without reaching statistical significance. Because higher levels of B2M were associated with relapsed/refractory CLL, we performed two multivariate Cox regression models to assess B2M and prior treatment status separately. Risk groups were determined by the presence of TP53 aberration, advanced Rai stage, and B2M >4mg/L for Model 1, and TP53 aberration, advanced Rai stage, and relapsed/refractory CLL for Model 2 (Table 1). The high-risk group had all three adverse risk factors; the intermediate-risk group had two risk factors; and the low-risk group, none or one. The median PFS of the high-risk group was 38.9 months for Model 1 and 38.4 months for Model 2, and was significantly shorter than those of intermediate and low-risk groups. In the validation cohort, 254 (41.8%) of 607 patients progressed or died at a median follow-up of 4.2 years. 167 (27.5%) patients had treatment-naïve CLL. Both models showed statistically significant differences in PFS by risk groups (Table 1). For the high-risk group, 4-year PFS was 30.2% in Model 1 and 30.5% in Model 2, which were inferior to those of intermediate (53.4 and 52.4%) and low-risk groups (68.7 and 73.7%). Model 1 classified 20% of patients and Model 2 classified 28% of patients to the high-risk group. BTK and PLCG2 mutations are common genetic drivers of ibrutinib resistance in CLL. To determine whether the incidence of these mutations correlates with prognostic risk groups, we performed targeted sequencing of BTK and PLCG2 of samples collected from patients in the discovery cohort. We used cell-free DNA for patients who received long-term ibrutinib (≥3 years) and had low circulating tumor burden, and cellular DNA, for samples collected within 3 years on ibrutinib or at progression. Of 84 patients, 69 (82.1%) were tested at least once, and 37 (44.0%) were tested at least twice. The frequency of testing was similar across the risk groups by two models (P>0.05). The cumulative incidences of mutations at 5 years in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were: 21.4%, 44.8% and 50%, respectively, by Model 1 (P=0.02); and 22.6%, 41.4% and 66.7%, respectively, by Model 2 (P=0.01). Conclusion: We developed and validated prognostic models to predict the risk of disease progression or death in CLL patients treated with ibrutinib. Risk groups classified by three commonly available pre-treatment factors showed statistically significant differences in PFS. The clinically-defined high-risk disease was linked to higher propensity to develop clonal evolution with BTK and/or PLCG2 mutations, which heralded ibrutinib resistance. Disclosures Albitar: Neogenomics Laboratories: Employment. Ma:Neogenomics Laboratories: Employment. Ipe:Pharmacyclics, an AbbVie Company: Employment, Other: Travel; AbbVie: Equity Ownership. Tsao:Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Employment. Cheng:Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Employment. Dean:CTI BioPharma Corp.: Employment, Equity Ownership; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Employment, Equity Ownership. Wiestner:Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Research Funding.

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Procedure guideline for iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy for differentiated thyroid cancer (version 3)

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1160/nukmed-0285 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (05) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Dressler ◽

W. Eschner ◽

F. Grünwald ◽

M. Lassmann ◽

B. Leisner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Group ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

Whole Body ◽

Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽

Follow Up Care

SummaryVersion 3 of the procedure guideline for 131I whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) is the counterpart to the procedure guideline for radioiodine therapy (version 3) and specify the interdisciplinary guideline for thyroid cancer of the Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft concerning the nuclear medicine part. 131I WBS 3–6 months after 131I ablation remains a standard procedure in an endemic area for thyroid nodules and the high frequency of subtotal surgical procedures. Follow-up without 131I WBS is only justified if the following preconditions are fulfilled: low-risk group pT1–2, pN0 M0 with histopathologically confirmed pN0, 131I uptake <2%, 131I WBS during ablation without any suspicious lesion, stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg)-level 3–6 months after ablation <2 ng/mL, and absence of anti-thyroglobulin- antibodies with normal recovery-testing. If patients from the low-risk group show normal 131I WBS 3–6 months after ablation and stimulated Tg is of <2 ng/mL, there will be no need for additional routine 131I WBS. If patients from the high-risk group show normal 131I WBS and stimulated Tg-level of <2 ng/mL 3–6 months after ablation, the follow- up care should include repeated stimulated Tgmeasurements. If the Tg-level remains below 2 ng/mL, an additional 131I WBS will be not necessary. The recommended intervals for stimulated Tg-testing are adapted to the prior intervals for 131I WBS-testing in the high-risk group. Increased anti-thyroglobulin-antibodies or incomplete recovery-testing make an individual strategy of follow- up care necessary, which include 131I WBS.

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The Value of Preoperative Blood Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, White Blood Cell-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-Lymphocyte, and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratios in Predicting the Malignant Potential of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-386992/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lizhao Yan ◽

Yinghao Cao ◽

Shenghe Deng ◽

Junnan Gu ◽

Fuwei Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Low Risk ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Laboratory Test Results

Abstract Background: To investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell-lymphocyte ratio (WLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in grading the malignant potential of the gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 843 GIST patients who underwent surgery during hospitalisation from June 2016 to July 2020 and 374 unrelated healthy controls. Demographic data were collected for each participant, including age, gender, body mass index, laboratory test results, and pathological results. We compared the NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR between GIST and healthy individuals, as well as among patients with different risk grades of GIST.Results: NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR values of patients with GIST were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). These values also showed statistically significant differences among the four risk degree groups. The NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR values of the high-risk group were significantly higher than those of the very low-risk group, low-risk group, and intermediate-risk group (p<0.001). The NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR showed a high predictive value in the high-risk group, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.802, 0.824, 0.866, and 0.814, and a cut-off value of 2.059, 3.347, 0.221, and 141.4, respectively.Conclusion: Preoperative NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR have a high predictive value for grading the malignant potential of GIST, especially in the high-risk group. These values provide a convenient and inexpensive way to determine preoperative chemotherapy and surgical strategies.

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Abstract WMP61: TWOACES: TIA Work-up As Outpatient, Assessment Of Clinical Efficacy And Safety

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.awmp61 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

James Castle ◽

Jenifer Green ◽

Jean-Marc Olivot ◽

Gregory Albers

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Observational Study ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

Stroke Rate ◽

Significant Stenosis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Low Rate

Background: Much controversy exists as to the appropriate triage of acute TIA patients. One commonly used tool is the ABCD 2 score. This tool is helpful for patients at low risk (score of 0-3) or high risk (score of 6-7) of stroke, but leaves a large moderate risk population (score of 4-5) for whom no clear guidance can be given. As previous studies have found large artery atherosclerosis to be a potent risk factor for stroke after TIA, we attempted to further delineate low and high risk TIA populations with the addition of non-invasive arterial imaging. Methods: All patients referred to the Stanford Stroke Service for possible TIA within 72 hours of symptom onset between July 2007 and February 2010, and all patients referred to the Highland Park Stroke Service for possible TIA within 72 hours of symptom onset after October 2009 were screened for enrollment in this observational study. 406 patients were invited to enroll, 5 refused. Of the 401 enrolled, follow-up was obtained in 398 patients. Patients were placed into two groups: 1) ABCD 2 scores of 0-3 or 4-5 AND no sign of hemodynamically significant stenosis (<50%) "Low Risk Group"; and 2) those with ABCD 2 scores of 6-7 or 4-5 AND hemodynamically significant stenosis (≥50%) "High Risk Group". Non-invasive arterial imaging included CTA, MRA, and Carotid US - all chosen by the treating physician. 30 day stroke rates with 95% CIs were recorded. Results: Of the 398 patients in whom follow-up data was obtained, 340 (85.4%) fell into the “Low Risk Group”. Within that group, the stroke rate at 30 days was 1.76% (6 strokes, 95% CI 0.72-3.89%). Within the “High Risk Group”, the stroke rate at 30 days was 5.17% (3 strokes, 95% CI 1.21-14.7%). The overall stroke rate was 9/398 (2.26%, 95% CI 1.13-4.31%). Conclusions: In our observational study we continue to find that the overall 30 day stroke rate after TIA was quite low (2.26%). The percentage of all TIA patients falling into the “Low Risk Group” was quite high (85.4%), and these patients had a particularly low rate of stroke at 30 days. Given the high number of “Low Risk” patients and the low rate of stroke in that group at 30 days, the vast majority of TIA patients could likely be safely evaluated in a rapid outpatient setting provided that the treating physician is confident of the diagnosis.

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Risk Stratification in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Based on Elevated White Cell Count and Reduced Platelet Count Does Not Identify Subsequent Relapses: A Retrospective Review of 60 Patients.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.4522.4522 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 4522-4522

Author(s):

Richard T. Doocey ◽

Stephen H. Nantel ◽

Michael J. Barnett ◽

Donna L. Forrest ◽

Donna E. Hogge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Complete Remission ◽

Maintenance Therapy ◽

Risk Group ◽

White Cell Count ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

Intermediate Risk ◽

Risk Patients

Abstract Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has become one of the more readily treatable subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia on the basis of its particular sensitivity to anthracyclines and the introduction of the differentiating agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Unfortunately some patients will ultimately relapse after achievement of complete remission. A PETHEMA and GIMEMA (PETH/GIM) cooperative group joint study sought to identify risk factors associated with relapse and developed a predictive model based on white cell count (WCC) and platelet count (Plt) at diagnosis. This model for relapse free survival was capable of segregating patients into low risk (WCC < 10 x 109/L / Plt > 40 x 109/L), intermediate risk (WCC < 10 x 109/L / Plt < 40 x 109/L), and high risk (WCC > 10 x 109/L). A subsequent follow up study demonstrated improved outcomes for intermediate and high risk group patients treated with an anthracycline and ATRA based risk adapted strategy. We reviewed 60 cases of adult de novo APL treated at Vancouver General Hospital from August 1995 to December 2003. Thirty five females (58%) and 25 males (42%) were treated with a standard induction and consolidation protocol consisting of 3 cycles of Daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 OD for 3 days), Cytosine arabinoside (100 mg/m2 BID for 7 days), and ATRA (45 mg/m2/day until complete remission or a maximum of 60 days). In 2000 maintenance therapy was introduced and ATRA and/or varying doses of Methotrexate and 6-Mercaptopurine were then instituted for up to 2 years duration. At the completion of induction chemotherapy complete morphological and cytogenetic remission was achieved in 55/60 patients (92%) with 4 induction failures and only 1 death during induction treatment. Subsequently during and after consolidation and maintenance therapy at a median follow up of 34 months there were a total of 10 episodes of relapse (18%) in these 55 patients. When the 55 patients in complete remission were stratified at diagnosis by the PETH/GIM risk group there were 18 low risk patients (33%), 26 intermediate risk patients (47%), and 11 high risk patients (20%). The number of relapses was 6 in the low risk group (33%), 4 in the intermediate risk group (15%) and no relapses were identified in the high risk group. In our experience the predictive model for relapse free survival developed by the PETH/GIM cooperative group does not identify those at most likelihood for subsequent relapse after achieving an initial complete remission. The greatest number of relapse was seen in the low risk group with no relapses in the high risk group. These variations may be explained in part by the different chemotherapy treatment protocols with variable maintenance therapy. Future investigation will focus on the prognostic role of immunophenotype, additional cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular isoforms in determining outcome in APL.

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Objective Assessment of Pulmonary Embolism Can Be Deferred without Increased Risk.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.1628.1628 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 1628-1628

Author(s):

Sergio Siragusa ◽

Alessandra Malato ◽

Antonino Giarratano ◽

Francesco Falaschi ◽

Fernando Porro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

High Risk ◽

Diagnostic Imaging ◽

Median Time ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk

Abstract Background. Management of patients with suspected Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is problematic if diagnostic imaging is not available. Pretest Clinical Probability (PCP) and D-dimer (D-d) assessment were shown to be useful to identify those high risk patients for whom empirical, protective anticoagulation is indicated (Siragusa S et al. Arch Intern Med2004;164:2477–82). Objective of the study. In consecutive patients with suspected PE, we evaluated whether PCP and D-d assessment, together with the use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), allow objective appraisal of PE to be deferred for up to 72 hours. Methods. In case of deferment of diagnostic imaging for PE, patients identified at high-risk (those with high PCP and those with moderate PCP and a positive D-d), received a protective full-dose treatment of LMWH; the remaining patients were discharged without anticoagulants. All patients were scheduled to undergo objective tests for PE (ventilation/perfusion lung scanning or computed tomography lung scan) within 72 hours from the index visit (figure). Standard antithrombotic therapy was then administered when diagnostic tests confirmed Venous ThromboEmbolism (VTE). Results. 336 patients with suspected PE were included in this study. The prevalence of VTE was 6.1% (95% CI 2.7–9.3) in the “low-risk group” and 50.4% (95% CI 41.7–59.1) in the “high-risk group”. In total, VTE was confirmed in 76 (22.6%) of 336 patients (95% CI 18.2–27). Patients’ characteristics, median time for deferral test and for LMWH administration are listed in table 1. Events at the short-term (72 hours) and long-term follow-up are listed in table 2. None of the patients had major bleeding events during the follow-ups. Conclusions. When objective diagnostic assessment of PE is not immediately available, management of symptomatic PE patients can prove highly unsatisfactory. This study demonstrates that a simple and reproducible approach allows a safe deferral of diagnostic imaging for PE for up to 72 hours. patients’ characteristics Baseline features Low risk group (n. 211) High-risk group (n. 125) p value n.s.: not significant Age in years (range) 59.3 (22–91) 60.3 (23–91) n.s. Sex (F/M) 98/113 59/66 n.s. Time since onset of symptoms (days) 1.7 1.5 n.s. Co-morbidity and 16 (7.5) 25 (19.2) 0.03 Median time of deferral test (hours) 49.5 42.5 n.s. Median time of protective anticoagulation (hours) not applicable 35.5 not applicable Outcome of Short- and Long-term FU Categories of patients (n) Events at the short-term FU Events at the long -term FU* FU indicates follow-up; CI indicates Confidence Intervals. *This refers to patients in whom Pulmonary Embolism has been previously ruled out (n. 260). “Low-risk group” (211) 0 (0%) [95% CI 1.4] 0 (0%) [95% CI 1.4] “High-risk group” (125) 1 (0.8%) [95% CI 2.3] 3 (2.4%) [95% CI 3.2] Patients clinically suspected of PE without immediate availability of diagnostic tests Patients clinically suspected of PE without immediate availability of diagnostic tests

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A single-centre experience of the management of inguinal lymph nodes associated with penile squamous-cell carcinoma

Journal of Clinical Urology ◽

10.1177/2051415820939407 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 205141582093940

Author(s):

Amit Sharma ◽

Sandesh Parab ◽

Gaurav Goyal ◽

Ajit Patel ◽

Mukund Andankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Vascular Invasion ◽

Risk Group ◽

Frozen Section ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

Delayed Presentation ◽

Nodal Recurrence

Background: Twenty-two cases of penile carcinoma that were managed at our institution over a 5-year period were analysed on the basis of inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND), complications and follow-up. Methods: A total of 22 cases post penectomy were stratified into low risk (T1 G1 or G2 without lympho-vascular invasion and negative on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)) and high risk (T1 G3 and above and/or lympho-vascular invasion). Low-risk patients having palpable lymphadenopathy were given a course of antibiotics. If the lymph nodes were still palpable, FNAC was done, and patients then underwent superficial ILND (SILND) or even ILND in cases with positive frozen-section reports. In the high-risk group, all patients underwent SILND, and if required, underwent ILND. Two patients in the high-risk group were lost to follow-up after 9 months. Histopathology reports were noted, and patients were followed up for 2 years. Results: In the low-risk group, seven patients had palpable lymph nodes and underwent SILND. The remaining five patients were put on surveillance. Amongst the seven who underwent SILND, six were positive at frozen section, requiring ILND. Nine patients in the high-risk group underwent ILND. Four patients in the ILND group had a minor wound infection. Lymphoedema was seen in two patients which was managed conservatively, and lymphorrhoea was seen in one patient. Flap necrosis occurred in one patient. Recurrences were seen in three patients in the high-risk group. Two who had deep node involvement and who had early nodal recurrence underwent bilateral ILND. One patient in the high-risk group had late ipsilateral nodal recurrence and underwent ipsilateral ILND. There were no regional recurrences. Conclusion: Carcinoma of the penis has high morbidity because of delayed presentation, lack of awareness and poor compliance. This necessitates staging SILND in all high-risk cases for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.

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