scholarly journals Study on the Meso-Energy Damage Evolution Mechanism of Single-Joint Sandstone under Uniaxial and Biaxial Compression

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Gui-Lin Wang ◽  
Tian-Ci Cao ◽  
Fan Sun ◽  
Xing-Xiang Wen ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Biaxial Compression ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Energy Evolution ◽  
Peak Point ◽  
Joint Inclination ◽  
Joint Length

Energy conversion and release occur through the entire deformation and failure process in jointed rock masses, and the accumulation and dissipation of rock mass energy in engineering can reveal the entire process of deformation and instability. This study uses PFC2D to carry out numerical simulation tests on single-joint sandstone under uniaxial compression and biaxial compression, respectively, and analyse the influence of joint inclination, length, and confining pressure on the meso-energy conversion process and phase evolution of jointed sandstone. Through analysis, it is found that the input meso total strain energy is transformed into meso dissipated energy and meso-elastic strain energy. Macroscopic and microscopic joint sandstone law is consistent with the overall energy evolution; and the difference is reflected in two aspects: (1) the microlevel energy evolution has no initial compaction energy consumption section and (2) the linear energy storage section before the macroenergy evolution peak can be subdivided into two sections in the meso-level energy evolution. Under uniaxial compression, the energy values at the characteristic points of the meso-level energy evolution phases first asymmetrically decrease and then increase with the increase of the joint inclination. The initiation point of jointed sandstone is significantly affected by the length of the joint, and the degradation effect of the meso-energy at the damage point and peak point weakens with the increase of the joint length. Comparing the data obtained from the PFC numerical simulation with the experimental data, it is found that the error is small, which shows the feasibility of the numerical model in this paper. Under biaxial compression, the accumulation rate of meso-elastic strain at the peak point of the jointed sandstone first decreases and then increases with the joint inclination angle. After the peak of jointed sandstone, the rate of sudden change of meso-energy change decreases with the increase of joint length. The conditions of high confining pressure will promote the meso-accumulated damage degree of the jointed sandstone before the peak, while inhibiting the meso-energy and the mutation degree of the damage after the peak. The higher the confining pressure, the more obvious the joint length and inclination effect characteristics of the elastic strain energy at the peak point of the jointed sandstone.

scholarly journals Energy Evolution and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandstone Specimens under Unloading Confining Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yanwei Duan ◽  
Hongru Sun ◽  
Honglei Liu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Energy Evolution ◽  
Peak Point ◽  
Unloading Confining Pressure ◽  
Rock Specimens

The acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimens under different initial unloading confining pressures were tested to obtain the damage and rupture characteristics of the sandstone unloading confining pressure path. The CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction of the fractured rock specimens were carried out to study the differences of energy evolution and acoustic emission characteristics during the failure of sandstone under different initial unloading pressures. The results show that the unloading confining pressure has a significant influence on the deformation and failure of the rock. There is a significant yielding platform for the circumferential strain and the bulk strain at the peak of the unloading pressure. The larger the initial unloading pressure is, the greater the axial absorption strain energy, the dissipative energy, and the elastic strain energy are at the peak point. After the stress peak point, the elastic strain can be quickly converted into the dissipative energy for rock damage. The elastic energy released from the moment of rock failure under high confining pressure is more concentrated. The acoustic emission ringing and b value characteristic parameters of the rock have a good correlation with the internal energy evolution of the rock, which better reflects the progressive damage of the rock under low stress and the sudden failure of high-stress unloading.

scholarly journals Study on Energy Evolution and Damage Constitutive Model of Siltstone

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Ruihe Zhou ◽  
Longhui Guo ◽  
Rongbao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Damage Constitutive Model

In order to study the energy evolution characteristics and damage constitutive relationship of siltstone, the conventional triaxial compression tests of siltstone under different confining pressures are performed, and the evolution laws of input energy, elastic strain energy and dissipative energy of siltstone with axial strain and confining pressure are analyzed. According to the test results, the judgment criterion of the rock damage threshold is improved, and an improved three-shear energy yield criterion is proposed., The damage constitutive equation of siltstone is established based on the damage mechanics theory through the principle of minimum energy consumption and by considering the residual strength of rock, and lastly, the rationality of the model is verified by experimental data. The results reveal that (1) both the input energy and dissipative energy gradually increase with the increase of axial strain, and the elastic strain energy first increases and then decreases with the increase of axial strain, and reaches its maximum at the peak. (2) The input energy and dissipation energy increase exponentially with the increase of the confining pressure, and the elastic strain energy increases linearly with the increase of confining pressure. (3) According to the linear relationship between the sum of shear strain energy and hydrostatic pressure, an improved three-shear energy yield criterion is established. (4) The model curve can better describe the strain softening stage and the residual strength characteristics of siltstone. The relative standard deviation between the model results and the test results is only 4.35%, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the statistical damage constitutive model that is established in this paper.

scholarly journals An investigation on the effect of high energy storage anchor on surrounding rock conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 201105
Author(s):  
Bowen Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Jianbiao Bai ◽  
Wenda Wu ◽  
Ningkang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Evolution ◽  
Rock Bolts ◽  
High Energy Storage

High pre-tension bolt is an effective strata control technique and is the key to ensure the stability of anchorage and roadway. Based on the performances of high energy storage tension rock bolts in different rock properties, this study proposed a constitutive model to describe the energy balance of anchor under uniaxial compression. UDEC was used to simulate the behaviour of anchor in coal under uniaxial compression and the results were analysed to study the rock mechanical properties, degree of damage and energy evolution. Simulation results showed that tension rock bolts can improve the mechanical properties and energy storage capacities of the anchor. The energy evolution was divided into three stages: (i) the external work was stored in the form of elastic strain energy ( U e ) in the anchor prior to the yielding strength; (ii) the elastic strain energy reached its maximum near the peak strength; (iii) energy was dissipated from fracture friction ( W f) , plastic deformation ( W p ) and acoustic emission ( U r ) during post-peak stage. The installation of tension rock bolts was more suitable for medium hard rock (e.g. sandy mudstone), whereas it was not effective for hard rock (e.g. sandstone).

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Early-Warning Critical Energy for Strainbursts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Ling ◽  
Ruyu Yan ◽  
Zhang zhi ◽  
Xie Lei ◽  
Huang chuhui
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Energy Evolution

Abstract This research aimed to establish an early-warning critical energy for coal instability based on the energy theory and acoustic emission characteristics of coal under triaxial compression. To obtain an early-warning critical strain energy indicating the increase in the risk of coal instability, conventional triaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests were carried out on coal specimens taken from a 980-m-deep mine with initial confining pressures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 MPa. Stress-strain relations, AE features, and energy evolution characteristics during triaxial compression were analyzed. It was found that the energy evolution and AE event count changes across different loading stages. With increasing axial stress, most of the input energy stored in the coal specimens was in the form of elastic strain energy and the AE event count was close to zero, indicating that the coal grains reach a state of balance. After the elastic deformation stage, a portion of the input energy was consumed by inelastic deformation. Once the stress level exceeded the volumetric compressibility–dilatancy transition stress, the AE event entered a period of relative quiet, and the rate of energy dissipation abruptly accelerated, indicating that the coal grains achieved another state of balance before THE instability or failure. The balance of the rock grains is broken again (AE event count and the rate of energy dissipation both increased dramatically), coal achieved the peak strength and instability soon. The point at which the dissipated energy ratio α increased rapidly or the starting point of a quiet period, indicates an increase in the risk of coal instability. The corresponding elastic strain energy accumulated within the coal can be regarded as a precursor to instability or strainburst. Accordingly, a fitting formula is presented to predict the early-warning critical energy for brittle coal subject to different minimum principal stress. The analysis results in this paper can be helpful in the assessment of coal instability risk.

scholarly journals Discussions on the Complete Strain Energy Characteristics of Deep Granite and Assessment of Rockburst Tendency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chen ◽  
Lijie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Rockburst Hazard ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Loading And Unloading

In deep mining, the rockburst hazard has become a prominent problem. Rockburst is difficult to be predicted, and it gives a severe threat to mining safety. In this paper, the triaxial compressive tests with an acoustic emission (AE) device and full cyclic loading and unloading tests were carried out, respectively, to present characteristics of linear elastic strain energy and peak strain energy. Also, to consider the time-delay strain characteristics of granite found in the abovementioned tests, a new stage loading and unloading test with dual monitoring systems was designed and performed. Through 20 days’ time-delay strain monitoring, the peak-strength strain energy was further modified. The results showed that the peak strain energy is approximate 1.2-1.3 times than linear elastic strain energy under the same confining pressure, and after considering the time-delay strain effect, the modified maximal strain energy value of the deep granite significantly increased. The peak strain energy values are further enhanced from 1.0 × 104 J/m3 to 1.8 × 104 J/m3, respectively. At last, by taking advantage of the strain energy index model of rockburst, the tendency and intensity of rockburst were assessed contrastively.

scholarly journals An Energy Preservation Index for Evaluating the Rockburst Potential Based on Energy Evolution

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3636
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Yan Xing ◽  
Zhizhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Rock Deformation ◽  
Energy Evolution ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Rock Materials ◽  
Energy Preservation ◽  
Evolution Characteristics

The estimation of rockburst potential has attracted great attention in the field of rock mechanics and engineering. In this study, an original energy preservation index is proposed to evaluate the rockburst potential in view of the energy evolution characteristics of rock materials. To investigate the energy evolution during rock deformation and failure, a number of cyclic uniaxial compression experiments on five kinds of rocks were carried out. The results showed that the curves of energy evolution exhibited obvious stages and there were significantly different weakening degrees for different rock materials embodied by the decreasing degrees of the ratios of elastic strain energy to dissipated strain energy at the weakening stage. Then, the energy preservation index was further formulated based on the decreasing ratio. Furthermore, by analyzing the acoustic emission activities at the failure stage and failure modes of the five rock materials, the rockburst potential was analyzed according to the energy preservation index.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Deformation and Strength Behavior of Marble with the Complex Loading-Unloading Stress Path

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Lipeng Liu ◽  
Yu Cong
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Stress Path ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Strength Behavior

The excavation of deep tunnel in rock mass undergoes complex loading and unloading stress paths, resulting in rib spalling, flaking, and even severe rockburst disasters. Based on the variation law of the stress path of the surrounding rock, laboratory tests of rock mechanics are designed, and the deformation and strength behavior of marble with different initial confining pressure and unloading rates are systematically studied. By introducing strain increment, the characteristic stress, and the dilatancy index, the rock’s dilatancy and brittleness under different unloading conditions are quantitatively analyzed. During unloading, the energy transformation mechanism of rock is described, and the law of deformation and failure is discussed based on characteristic energy. The rock failure strength fitting formula is given by applying the Mogi–Coulomb criterion and elastic strain energy criterion. The advantages of the elastic strain energy criterion are theoretically explained. This study shows that comprehensive consideration of the complex stress paths, confining pressure levels, and the loading-unloading rates of surrounding rock is an effective way to accurately study unloading rock characteristics. The results can provide theoretical basis for stability analysis of high-stress underground engineering.

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