scholarly journals Comparative Evaluations of Selected Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Genotypes for Biomass Yield, Nutrient Composition, and Dry Matter Intake under Diverse Locations of Tropical Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Gutu Fekede ◽  
Worku Temesgen ◽  
Wakgari Keba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Fiber Components ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Feeding standards of ruminant livestock could be significantly enhanced through the cultivation of improved quality forages, which are suitable for different agroclimatic conditions in tropical Africa. In this frame, ten pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) genotypes were evaluated across three locations in western Ethiopia during the 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was designed to determine the nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, and dry matter intake of selected pigeon pea genotypes. The result revealed that the studied quality parameters were significantly influenced by the genotypic and environmental main effects but not their interaction, while forage yield was influenced by both main effects and their interaction. Mean forage yield was greater for Degagsa across all locations followed by Belabas. In vitro organic matter digestibility and ash parameters did not vary among genotypes. However, variations were observed across locations for daily dry matter intake (DMI) and crude protein (CP) with the greatest value received from Degagsa and Belabas. The fiber components of Degagsa and Belabas were less than those of the remaining genotypes. Generally, Degagsa and Belabas had shown a greater forage yield, DMI, and CP content, but less in fiber components, and thus can be cultivated to enhance livestock productivity in western Ethiopia and similar agroecologies of tropical Africa.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Comparison of parameters from the Theodorou gas production technique using nitrogen-free and nitrogen-rich media as predictors of dry-matter intake and digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
D. L. Romney ◽  
F. C. Cadario ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A .H. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Production Techniques

Parameters from in vitro gas production techniques could have potential as predictors of dry-matter intake (DMI) and digestibility. Fermentation is usually carried out under conditions where nitrogen (N) is not limiting. Therefore where N supply is a constraint to intake and digestibility, prediction equations may be inaccurate. This study compared the use of N-free and N-rich media in an in vitro fermentation method (Theodorou et al., 1994) and studied the relationships between in vitro and in vivo parameters obtained using both media.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS (ODTS) OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM BY USING SUPERDISINTEGRANT FROM NATURAL ORIGIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
SATYAJITH PANDA ◽  
NODAGALA HEMALATHA ◽  
PANCHAGNULA UDAYA SHANKAR ◽  
SRINIVASA RAO BARATAM
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Orodispersible Tablets ◽  
Pregelatinized Starch ◽  
The Stability

Objective: In this study, a polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) was investigated as a super disintegrant in the orodispersible tablets of diclofenac sodium. Methods: Diclofenac sodium tablets were prepared separately using different concentrations (5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15% w/w) of isolated Cajanus cajan seed polysaccharide (natural) and sodium starch glycolate (synthetic) as super disintegrant by the direct compression method. Evaluation of tablets was done for various pre-and post-compression parameters. The stability studies were performed on optimized formulation F5. The disintegration time and in vitro drug release of the formulation F5 was compared with pregelatinized starch and synthetic super disintegrant (sodium starch glycolate). Results: The drug-excipient interactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared studies. The Optimized formulation F5 containing 15% polysaccharide showed wetting time of 118.7 seconds with 105.3 seconds of disintegration time and 95.61% dissolved in 3 min. Conclusion: The present work revealed that Cajanus cajan seed polysaccharide has a good disintegrating agent in the formulation of orodispersible tablets.

NUTRIENT VALUE OF HAY HARVESTED WITH MECHANICAL STACKING WAGONS, LARGE ROUND BALER AND CONVENTIONAL BALER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
W. COATES ◽  
M. FELDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Large Round

In 1972, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and bromegrass hay were harvested with a Hesston 30 stacking wagon, McKee 1000 stacking wagon, and conventional baler. Crested wheatgrass was stacked at 35 and 29% moisture, intermediate wheatgrass at 38 and 27% moisture, and bromegrass at 41 and 31% moisture. Crested wheatgrass was baled at 23 and 19%, intermediate wheatgrass at 27 and 22%, and bromegrass at 30 and 20% moisture. In 1973, the same grass species were harvested at two moisture levels, 20 and 12% for crested wheatgrass, 25 and 19% for intermediate wheatgrass, and 24 and 20% for bromegrass with a Hesston 10 stacking wagon, Vermeer 605 round baler, and conventional baler. Dry matter intake by lambs and digestibility measurements (in vivo 1972, in vitro 1973) indicated that with the exception of bromegrass harvested in 1972, harvesting machine had little effect on hay quality. In 1972, bromegrass harvested with the stacking wagons was inferior in quality to the baled hay. The effect of moisture level at harvest was dependent on species of grass, harvesting machine, and weather conditions during harvest.

A note on the in vitro dry-matter digestibility determination of mixed herbage and browse samples collected with oesophageal fistulated steers

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shorrock
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Number Of Authors

The determination of in vitro dry-matter digestibility (DMD) of grass and pasture legumes under both temperate and tropical conditions is well established (Tilley & Terry, 1963; Minson & McLeod, 1972). One application of the in vitro DMD estimation of pasture samples is, together with an estimate of faecal output, the measurement of the herbage dry-matter intake of grazing cattle. Pasture samples are usually collected with oesophageal fistulated cattle. This technique is well documented and has been reviewed by a number of authors (Langlands, 1975; Minson et al. 1976).

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORO-DISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE USING CAJANUS CAJAN STARCH AS A NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT

2022 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
SONIA DHIMAN ◽  
RITCHU BABBAR ◽  
THAKUR GURJEET SINGH ◽  
SHIVANGI ANAND ◽  
ASHI MANNAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Orodispersible Tablets ◽  
Dispersible Tablets

Objective: The aim of the research work was to explore the use of Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) polysaccharide as a superdisintegrant. The novel superdisintegrant has been evaluated for its action by incorporating it into orodispersible tablets of Metformin Hydrochloride. Methods: Cajanus cajan starch was extracted from its seeds and superdisintegrant was developed by microwave modification of the extract. Various characterization tests such as gelatinization temperature, water absorption index, pH, and viscosity were used to identify the microwave-modified polysaccharide. The orodispersible tablets were made using a direct compression process employing varying concentrations of modified Cajanus cajan starch. Prepared tablets were tested for several pre and post-compression parameters and compared with a well-established synthetic superdisintegrant, sodium starch glycolate. The stability studies were conducted on an optimized formulation. Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study showed that the drug had no interactions with the microwave-modified Cajanus cajan starch. SEM confirmed that Cajanus cajan starch granules exhibited intact granular structure in oval shapes and smooth surfaces. After microwave modification, the Cajanus cajan starch component lost its granular structure, which further led to the generation of surface pores and internal channels, causing overall swelling responsible for superdisintegrant activity. The optimized formulation (ODF5) containing 15 % modified Cajanus cajan starch performed better in terms of wetting time (22.21 s), disintegration time (53.3 s), and in vitro drug release (92%), as compared to formulation prepared by synthetic superdisintegrant (ODF1). Conclusion: The present investigation concluded that modified Cajanus cajan starch has good potential as a superdisintegrant for formulating oro-dispersible tablets. Furthermore, modified Cajanus cajan starch is inexpensive, non-toxic and compatible in comparison with available synthetic superdisintegrants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document