A note on the in vitro dry-matter digestibility determination of mixed herbage and browse samples collected with oesophageal fistulated steers

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shorrock
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Number Of Authors

The determination of in vitro dry-matter digestibility (DMD) of grass and pasture legumes under both temperate and tropical conditions is well established (Tilley & Terry, 1963; Minson & McLeod, 1972). One application of the in vitro DMD estimation of pasture samples is, together with an estimate of faecal output, the measurement of the herbage dry-matter intake of grazing cattle. Pasture samples are usually collected with oesophageal fistulated cattle. This technique is well documented and has been reviewed by a number of authors (Langlands, 1975; Minson et al. 1976).

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

Faecal output and estimated voluntary dry-matter intake of grazing beef cows, relative to their live weight and to the digestibility of the pasture

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bruckental ◽  
A. R. Lehrer ◽  
M. Weitz ◽  
J. Bernard ◽  
Hanna Kennit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out with 12 non-pregnant, non-lactating beef cows (Simmental x Hereford cross), six in each experiment. In experiment 1, the cows were grazing stubble pasture and each cow was hand fed 750 g/day soya-bean meal. In experiment 2, the cows were grazing green pasture at the pre-blossom stage. Paraffin-coated magnesium ferrite (MF) was used as an external marker. A capsule containing 5 g marker was administered to each cow twice daily at about 08.00 and 14.00 h. At the same time the cows were also weighed and faecal grab samples (GS) were taken. Each experimental period lasted 18 days: a 10-day period for attaining steady state of the marker, followed by an 8-day period during which faecal GS were taken.Average live weight (LW, kg) and daily faecal output (DFO, kg dry matter (DM) per day) were, respectively 364·2 and 3·39 for cows in experiment 1, and 484·4 and 4·62 in experiment 2. DFO (g): LW (kg) ratios were 9·31: 1 and 9·53: 1 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively.In-vitro digestibilities were used for calculating the voluntary intake (kg DM per day), which was found to be 6·8 and 13·6 for cows grazing stubble and pre-blossom pastures, respectively. The relationships between LW of grazing cattle and their DFO and voluntary food intake are discussed.

scholarly journals Daily intake of lactating crossbred cows grazing elephant grass rotationally

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Januário Magalhães Aroeira ◽  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
João Paulo Guimarães Soares ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Rui da Silva Verneque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zebu Cows

The goal of this trial was to estimate the total dry matter (TDMI) and daily pasture dry matter intakes (PDMI) by lactating crossbred Holstein - Zebu cows grazing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) paddocks submitted to different rest periods. Three groups of 24 cows were used during two years. The paddocks were grazed during three days at the stocking rate of 4.5 cows/ha. Treatments consisted of resting periods of 30 days without concentrate and resting periods of 30, 37.5 and 45 days with 2 kg/cow/day of 20.6% crude protein concentrate. From July to October, pasture was supplemented with chopped sugarcane plus 1% urea. Total daily dry matter intake was estimated using the extrusa in vitro dry matter digestibility and the fecal output with chromium oxide. Regardless of the treatment the estimated average TDMI was 2.7, 2.9 and 2.9±0.03% and the mean PDMI was 1.9, 2.1 and 2.1±0.03% of body weight in the first, second and third grazing day, respectively (P<0.05). Only during the summer pasture quality was the same whichever the grazing day. Sugarcane effectively replaced grazing pasture, mainly in the first day when pasture dry matter intake was lowest.

Milk production from diets of silage and dried forage. 2. Effect of ensiling ryegrass cut at two levels of digestibility and given ad libitum with supplements of dried grass pellets

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Female Cattle

SUMMARY1. Young adult and adult British Friesian female cattle (heifers and cows) which were lactating were individually fed ad libitum on ryegrass silage of high (HS) or low (LS) digestibility with one of two levels of a supplement of pellets of dried grass (H or L) in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with three heifer and seven cow replicates.2. The percentages of digestible organic matters in the dry matter (DM) in vitro were respectively 64·4, 57·5 and 69·0 for forages HS, LS and and the dried grass. The HS crop, however, was significantly lower in DM content, and after ensiling with formic acid additive had a higher lactic and total acid content than the LS crop.3. The dry-matter intake of the less acid silage LS was greater than that of HS (P<0·05) although the dry-matter digestibility of the LS diets was on average 6 units lower than the HS diets. The intakes of digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible organic matter were greater (P<0·05) in mid lactation when HS was fed. DM and DDM intakes were significantly increased by the higher level of feeding of the dried grass supplement.4. The yield, composition and energy content of milk did not differ between silages but the yield and protein content of the milk increased significantly at the higher level of supplement feeding. The milk yields were respectively 19·35, 17·54, 19·49 and 17·97 ± 0·505 kg/head per day for treatments HSH, HSL, LSH and LSL on these all-grass diets over lactation weeks 4 to 20. Live-weight loss was greater (P<0·01) on the LS diets. Blood composition was normal and did not differ markedly between treatments.

scholarly journals 239 Effect of carbohydrate source on dry matter intake and digestibility, and nutritional status of ewes milked year-round on an accelerated lambing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Nikola Kochendoerfer ◽  
Michael L Thonney ◽  
Dan L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Management Group ◽  
Management Groups

Abstract The effect of level of soyhull inclusion on dry matter intake, feed efficiency, apparent dry matter digestibility, in-vitro NDF appearance and body weight changes was investigated in this triply replicated, 3′3 Latin square design. Finnsheep ′ Dorset ewes (n = 53) were managed in 3 management groups. Ewes in each management group were housed in 3 pens, lactated 3 times in the 22-month experiment, and were fed a different experimental diet in each lactation. Diets L-SH, M-SH, and H-SH contained 34.4, 42.4, and 50.9% soyhulls and measured 31.9, 36.5, and 40.0 ± 0.60% NDF (P &lt; 0.001), and 41.1, 37.1, and 32.8 ± 0.58% NFC (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Individual equations were fitted to each of the 27 pens, and the resulting data were analyzed with a model including Square Number, Pen and Lactation within Square Number, and Diet, with 3 to 6 ewes in each cell of each Latin Square. Dry matter intake was 2.54, 2.70, and 2.67 ± 0.05 kg per day, feed efficiency was 0.56, 0.60, and 0.54 ± 0.02 kg milk/kg DM per day and weight gains were 131.0, 144.0, and 138.0 ± 0.04 g per day for ewes consuming the L-SH, M-SH, and H-SH diets, respectively, with no significant differences among diets. Fermentable NDF in the diets increased linearly with soyhull inclusion (17.6, 21.1, and 24.3 ± 1.28%, P &lt; 0.001). Apparent DM digestibility, measured with acid insoluble ash as marker, decreased nonsignificantly with soyhull inclusion (66.3, 64.5, and 63.9 ± 1.57%). The rate of in vitro NDF digestion decreased linearly with soyhull inclusion (166, 150, and 125 ± 5.7 g per hour, P &lt; 0.01) for the L-SH, M-SH, and H-SH diet, respectively. In this experiment the M-SH diet resulted in the most favorable results of highest dry matter intake, milk yields, and feed efficiencies.

A comparison of three laboratory techniques for the estimation of the digestibility of feedstuffs for ruminants

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Omed ◽  
R. F. E. Axford ◽  
A. G. Chamberlain ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Laboratory Techniques

SUMMARYThree in vitro methods, one enzymic and two microbial, were applied satisfactorily to the determination of the dry matter digestibility of forages, but failed when applied to a variety of concentrate feeds. The microbial methods had the advantage that the proportion of weight lost from forages during the in vitro process approximated closely with their determined in vivo digestibilities.The microbial method based on sheep faeces was as effective as that using rumen liquor in digesting ruminant feedstuff's in vitro. Since sheep faeces are readily obtained from intact animals, the faeces liquor method would seem to have a distinct advantage in use.

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