Comparison of parameters from the Theodorou gas production technique using nitrogen-free and nitrogen-rich media as predictors of dry-matter intake and digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
D. L. Romney ◽  
F. C. Cadario ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A .H. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Production Techniques

Parameters from in vitro gas production techniques could have potential as predictors of dry-matter intake (DMI) and digestibility. Fermentation is usually carried out under conditions where nitrogen (N) is not limiting. Therefore where N supply is a constraint to intake and digestibility, prediction equations may be inaccurate. This study compared the use of N-free and N-rich media in an in vitro fermentation method (Theodorou et al., 1994) and studied the relationships between in vitro and in vivo parameters obtained using both media.

Comparison of inocula from sheep and cattle for thein vitrogas production technique under tropical conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 151-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
S.L.S. Cabral Filho ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Microbial Mass

The use of small ruminants, such as sheep, in metabolism studies is more convenient as handling problems are reduced and their maintenance costs are lower, in comparison with cattle. However in vivo digestibility estimates obtained at maintenance are known to differ between these two species. With the increased use ofin vitrogas production techniques, to evaluate ruminant feedingstuffs, it is of great importance to identify whether the species from which the rumen fluid inoculum is obtained has a significant influence on the results obtained.Rumen fluid samples were obtained from a non-lactating Holstein cow (C) and six wether sheep (S) offered the same diet (80 % tropical grass and 20 % dairy concentrate) and prepared so as to have similar dry matter (DM) contents and therefore potentially the microbial mass. Nine substrates (two tropical grasses 1-2, tropical alfalfa 3, barley straw 4, and five temperate grasses 5-9) were examined.

Effect of days of regrowth of ryegrass(Lolium perenne)on fermentation characteristics: comparison of the nylon bag and gas production techniques

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
P. Chilibroste ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
B. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Plant Maturity

The nylon bag technique (NBT) has been used widely to characterize the washable (W), insoluble potentially degradable (D) and insoluble non-degradable (U) fractions of grasses (e.g. van Vuuren, 1993) and concentrates (Tammingaet al., 1990). Recently the gas production technique (GPT) has been proposed as a method to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of different foods (Theodorouet al., 1994). Both techniques have shown good correlation with dry matter intake (Khazaalet al., 1993). One of the potential advantages of GPT over NBT is the ability to differentiate fermentation patterns (Grootet al., 1996) that might be related to changes in food composition. This trial was part of a larger grazing experiment and aimed to compare GPT and NBT when applied to samples of ryegrass at different ages. A specific objective was to determine whether or not GPT could extract more information concerning the fermentation patterns of different ryegrass fractions and how these patterns changed as a result of plant maturity.

scholarly journals The nutritional evaluation of forage-based mixed rations in New Zealand using an in vitro gas production technique. 1: analytical survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
N.D. Meads ◽  
R. Tahmasbi ◽  
N. Jantasila
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock are an important consideration in environmental science. Estimating GHG production can be problematic at a farm or animal level, and requires controlled conditions to produce real data. An in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) was developed to evaluate forage-based total mixed rations in digestion kinetics and GHG production. Two hundred and sixty samples of complete mixed rations (MR), which included a pasture component used in commercial lactating dairy herds, were collected around NZ across three calendar years, 2017-2019. Twenty of the 260 samples were 100% total mixed rations (TMR) with no pasture content. The samples were submitted for proximate analysis as well as IVGPT to generate GHG production figures. The results showed an average total gas production (TGP) of 129.82 ml/g dry matter (DM), 78.6% true digestibility (TDMD), 125.06 mg/g DM microbial biomass (MB), 20.16 g CH4/kg DM, and 12.8 MJME/kg DM. The average nutrient composition was dry matter (DM) 31.55%, crude protein (CP) 21.85%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 44.35%, and starch 7.03%. The IVGPT CH4 production was negatively correlated to NDF (r=-0.312), ADF (r=-0.193), TGP (r=-0.216), and was positively correlated with TDMD (r=0.250), apparent digestibility (ADMD) (r=0.614), starch (r=0.117) and volatile fatty acids (r=0.538). The MR diet showed a strong positive relationship with ADMD digestibility (P=0.01) and a negative relationship with fibre content (NDF, P=0.01 and ADF, P=0.01). However, CH4 production reduced linearly with increasing TGP (P=0.01). The results indicated that a greater CH4 production may be related to higher digestibility of mixed ration.

Effect of non-digestible oligosaccharides in diets for weaner pigs on in vitro fermentation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 30-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G.M. Houdijk ◽  
B.A. Williams ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) shifted the proportion of propionate (↑) and acetate (↓) compared to transgalactooligosaccharides (TOS) in weaner pigs' ileal digesta, both in vivo and in vitro (Houdijk et al., 1997). This could be related to different fermentation rates between these so-called non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). These rates were studied via the cumulative gas production technique comparing FOS, TOS, and glucose.

Use of the gas production technique to investigate the supplementation of nitrogen-deficient foods

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
C. D. Wood ◽  
N. S. Prathalingam ◽  
A. M. Murray ◽  
R. W. Matthewman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
North West ◽  
Rich Media

A major focus for improving the diets in many less developed countries (LDCS) is the provision of rumen fermentable nitrogen (N) using protein supplements to complement N-deficient foods. However, in vitro digestibility methods usually use N-rich environments for the degradation of single foods. This conventional approach may give data which do not reflect the nutritive value of the N-deficient diets often on offer in LDCS, neither is it appropriate for using in vitro gas production to study protein supplementation. Our earlier study indicated that, by using a N-free medium, the gas production technique responded to added ammonium sulphate and urea. The ADAS standardized methodology, which used 10 ml of inoculum instead of the 5 ml used in the earlier study, was found not to be very responsive to N supplementation. The ADAS methodology was therefore investigated in order to develop a modified protocol for fermenting foods in an N-limited environment. The study involved using inocula diluted to different extents in N-free medium for fermenting N-deficient substrates in N-free and N-rich media. The modified protocol was then used for investigating the interactions between N-rich and N-deficient foods from north-west India.

NUTRIENT VALUE OF HAY HARVESTED WITH MECHANICAL STACKING WAGONS, LARGE ROUND BALER AND CONVENTIONAL BALER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
W. COATES ◽  
M. FELDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Large Round

In 1972, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and bromegrass hay were harvested with a Hesston 30 stacking wagon, McKee 1000 stacking wagon, and conventional baler. Crested wheatgrass was stacked at 35 and 29% moisture, intermediate wheatgrass at 38 and 27% moisture, and bromegrass at 41 and 31% moisture. Crested wheatgrass was baled at 23 and 19%, intermediate wheatgrass at 27 and 22%, and bromegrass at 30 and 20% moisture. In 1973, the same grass species were harvested at two moisture levels, 20 and 12% for crested wheatgrass, 25 and 19% for intermediate wheatgrass, and 24 and 20% for bromegrass with a Hesston 10 stacking wagon, Vermeer 605 round baler, and conventional baler. Dry matter intake by lambs and digestibility measurements (in vivo 1972, in vitro 1973) indicated that with the exception of bromegrass harvested in 1972, harvesting machine had little effect on hay quality. In 1972, bromegrass harvested with the stacking wagons was inferior in quality to the baled hay. The effect of moisture level at harvest was dependent on species of grass, harvesting machine, and weather conditions during harvest.

scholarly journals In vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics of diets with crambe cake protein replacing soybean meal protein by gas production technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3399-3414
Author(s):  
Angela Rocio Poveda-Parra ◽  
Odimári Pricila Prado-Calixto ◽  
Elzânia Sales Pereira ◽  
Fernando Luiz Massaro Junior ◽  
Larissa Nóbrega de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Gas Volume

The objective of this study was to evaluate ingredients and diets containing increasing levels of crambe cake protein replacing soybean meal protein, with in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters using a gas production technique. Diets were formulated for feedlot lambs and contained different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g kg-1) replacing soybean meal protein. Corn silage was used as roughage. Carbohydrate digestion rates were estimated using the in vitro gas production technique and the cumulative gas production kinetics were analyzed using the bicompartmental logistic model. The parameters values of ruminal degradation kinetics were generated using the R statistical program with the Gauss-Newton algorithm and then subjected to analysis of variance and regression (when necessary) according to a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications. Upon carbohydrate fractionation of ingredients and experimental diets, it was observed that corn grain and corn silage presented the highest levels of total carbohydrates (TC), with values of 128.3 and 464.8 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) in fraction B2, respectively. Lower TC content was found for soybean meal and crambe cake (CC). There was a predominance of fractions A + B1 in the ingredients and experimental diets. The B2 fraction decreased in the diets with the inclusion of the CC protein, and CC presented the highest C fraction. Protein fractionation (g kg-1 DM and g kg-1 crude protein - CP), the ingredients and diets showed a higher proportion of fractions A and B1 + B2. In in vitro degradation, the diet without CC (0 g kg-1 DM) showed the highest final cumulative gas production (365.04 mL g-1 of incubated DM), while the CC presented the lowest volume (166.68 mL g-1 of incubated DM). The gas volume of non-fibrous carbohydrate fermentation and fibrous carbohydrate degradation rate exhibited a quadratic effect according increasing levels of CC (Pmax = 265.8 g kg-1 DM and Pmin = 376.3 g kg-1 DM, respectively). The lag time and final gas volume showed a decreasing linear effect with increasing levels of CC protein. The degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates and the final volume of fibrous carbohydrates did not differ. Replacing soybean meal protein with CC protein at the level of 250 g kg-1 of dry matter in diets formulated for feedlot lambs leads to good profiles of ruminal fermentation kinetics with respect to the degradation of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamalak ◽  
O. Canbolat ◽  
Y. Gurbuz ◽  
O. Ozay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

Dry matter (DM) degradation of wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS) was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM disappearance were measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics was described using the equation y = a + b (1 &ndash; e<sup>ct</sup>). In all incubations there were significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlations between gas production and in situ DM disappearance or estimated parameters ((a + b)<sub>ga</sub><sub>s</sub> and (a + b)<sub>is</sub> or (a + b)<sub>gas</sub> and EDMD<sub>is</sub>) whereas there were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) correlations between c<sub>gas</sub> and c<sub>is</sub> or b<sub>gas</sub> and b<sub>is</sub>. Gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) alone explained 98.3% of the variation of EDMD. The inclusion of gas production from the quickly soluble fraction (a) and rate constant (c) of gas production in the regression equation improved the accuracy of EDMD prediction. The correlations between the results of both methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters. It was concluded that the in vitro gas production technique has good potentiality to predict in situ DM disappearance and some DM degradation parameters. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Prediction of DMD from gas production for substrates with high and low soluble carbohydrate content

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Ú.T. Nogueira ◽  
R. M. Maurício ◽  
L. C. Gonçalves ◽  
N. M. Rodrigues ◽  
L. G. R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

SummarySugar cane and maize silage samples were evaluated by the semi automated in vitro gas production technique. The associations between gas production and dry matter degradation (DMD) were analysed and high coefficients of determination were obtained for all the substrates. The results showed that particles losses could be influencing the DMD, including errors mostly when obtained before 6 hours of incubation. The gas alone could better predict the lag phase than the DMD before 6 hours of incubation.

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