scholarly journals Applicability Analysis of Inspection and Monitoring Technologies in Wind Turbine Towers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yanchao Yue ◽  
Jingjing Tian ◽  
Yongtao Bai ◽  
Kai Jia ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Tower Structure ◽  
Ultrasonic Phased Array ◽  
Piezoelectric Impedance ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Wind turbines are one of the key systems in wind energy development. The wind tower supporting the whole wind turbine is a towering structure, which has been affected by installation, transportation, environment, and other factors. Furthermore, it is prone to experience other quality problems that would be difficult to detect for wind turbine towers. Therefore, the key to maintain the wind tower structure and to ensure the normal operation of a wind turbine is to carry out comprehensive and detailed detection and monitoring studies during its service stage. This paper sorted out several common quality problems including structural damage, deformation, flange bolts loosening, and corrosion of wind tower and relevant research on the detection and monitoring of these quality problems. In addition, some nondestructive testing technologies are introduced, including the ultrasonic phased array, time of flight diffraction, magnetic memory, acoustic emission, fiber Bragg grating and piezoelectric impedance, and applications in wind turbine towers.

scholarly journals Structural Damage Classification in a Jacket-Type Wind-Turbine Foundation Using Principal Component Analysis and Extreme Gradient Boosting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Jersson X. Leon-Medina ◽  
Maribel Anaya ◽  
Núria Parés ◽  
Diego A. Tibaduiza ◽  
Francesc Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Damage Classification ◽  
Linear Feature ◽  
Linear Feature Extraction ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting

Damage classification is an important topic in the development of structural health monitoring systems. When applied to wind-turbine foundations, it provides information about the state of the structure, helps in maintenance, and prevents catastrophic failures. A data-driven pattern-recognition methodology for structural damage classification was developed in this study. The proposed methodology involves several stages: (1) data acquisition, (2) data arrangement, (3) data normalization through the mean-centered unitary group-scaling method, (4) linear feature extraction, (5) classification using the extreme gradient boosting machine learning classifier, and (6) validation applying a 5-fold cross-validation technique. The linear feature extraction capabilities of principal component analysis are employed; the original data of 58,008 features is reduced to only 21 features. The methodology is validated with an experimental test performed in a small-scale wind-turbine foundation structure that simulates the perturbation effects caused by wind and marine waves by applying an unknown white noise signal excitation to the structure. A vibration-response methodology is selected for collecting accelerometer data from both the healthy structure and the structure subjected to four different damage scenarios. The datasets are satisfactorily classified, with performance measures over 99.9% after using the proposed damage classification methodology.

Wind load response of offshore wind turbine towers with fixed monopile platform

2016 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Feyzollahzadeh ◽  
M.J. Mahmoodi ◽  
S.M. Yadavar-Nikravesh ◽  
J. Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers

Methodology for seismic risk assessment for tubular steel wind turbine towers: application to Canadian seismic environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nuta ◽  
Constantin Christopoulos ◽  
Jeffrey A. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Seismic Loading ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Spectrum ◽  
Wind Turbine Tower ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Hazard Levels

The seismic response of tubular steel wind turbine towers is of significant concern as they are increasingly being installed in seismic areas and design codes do not clearly address this aspect of design. The seismic hazard is hence assessed for the Canadian seismic environment using implicit finite element analysis and incremental dynamic analysis of a 1.65 MW wind turbine tower. Its behaviour under seismic excitation is evaluated, damage states are defined, and a framework is developed for determining the probability of damage of the tower at varying seismic hazard levels. Results of the implementation of this framework in two Canadian locations are presented herein, where the risk was found to be low for the seismic hazard level prescribed for buildings. However, the design of wind turbine towers is subject to change, and the design spectrum is highly uncertain. Thus, a methodology is outlined to thoroughly investigate the probability of reaching predetermined damage states under any seismic loading conditions for future considerations.

Remote monitoring and nondestructive evaluation of wind turbine towers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Chiang ◽  
Chih-Peng Yu ◽  
Keng-Tsang Hsu ◽  
Chia-Chi Cheng ◽  
Ying-Tzu Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers

scholarly journals Earth-termination system for onshore wind Turbines.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7-2020) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Liubov A. Belova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Surge Protection

The earth-termination system for towers of ground-based wind turbines in addition to protective and functional grounding provides lightning protection grounding, which is especially important since the wind turbine is susceptible to lightning strikes. If insufficient protective measures are taken, the risk of damage to a wind turbine due to a lightning strike increases. Therefore, a well-thought-out built-in grounding system for wind turbine towers is needed, which would function as necessary and guarantee long-term mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The configuration of grounding systems for wind turbines is discussed in IEC 61400-24, which deals with the topic of lightning protection for wind turbines, including detailed information on the choice of lightning protection measures and surge protection. It is advisable to create a lightning protection concept at the initial stage of planning a wind turbine in order to avoid later costly repairs and retrofitting.

scholarly journals Foundations, Design, and Dynamic Performance of Wind Turbines: Overview and Challenges in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Ruba Asim Hamza ◽  
Amged Osman Abdelatif
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Foundation Type

Sudan is one of the developing countries that suffers from a lack of electricity, where the national electrification rate is estimated at 38.5%. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to use renewable energy sources such as wind energy. Beside many aspects to be considered at the design of wind turbine foundations, more attention should be given to the geotechnical part. There are many types of foundations for wind turbines. The foundation must satisfy two design criteria: 1) It should be safe against bearing failure in soils under design loads and settlements during the life of the structure must not cause structural damage; 2) In addition to static loads, wind turbine foundations loads are extremely eccentrically and the loading is usually highly dynamic. Therefore, the selection of foundation type should consider these two criteria taking into account the nature and magnitude of these loads. This paper presents a review of different types of wind turbine foundations of focusing on on-shore wind turbine foundation types and the dynamic response of wind turbine. The paper also demonstrate experimentally the dynamic response of the wind turbines using wind tunnel facility test on a scaled model.  

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