Method to Correct the Velocity Variation Information of an Automatic Crash Notification System in Vehicle-to-Rigid Barrier Frontal Collisions

Automatic crash notification systems (ACNSs) play a key role in post-accident safety. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of ACNSs, a method to correct the velocity variation information of ACNSs was established. First, after the acceleration data of sled crash tests were analysed, the factors affecting the accuracy of the velocity variation information were determined, and the influence of the discrimination threshold and acceleration curve shape on the velocity variation information was examined. Second, according to the acceleration data generated by the simulation model of a sled crash, the correlation between the accuracy of the velocity variation information and influencing factors was modelled. Third, an automatic crash notification algorithm involving a velocity variation correction function (VVCF) was proposed based on the correlation model. Finally, to verify its reliability, the improved algorithm was applied to an automatic crash notification system (ACNS) terminal. The validation results show that the ACNS terminal can accurately identify collisions and transmit accident information. Moreover, more accurate velocity variation information can be retrieved.

Download Full-text

Direct Use of the Savitzky–Golay Filter to Develop an Output-Only Trend Line-Based Damage Detection Method

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20071983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1983 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hadi Kordestani ◽

Chunwei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Damage Detection ◽

Detection Method ◽

Moving Load ◽

Velocity Variation ◽

Trend Line ◽

Damage Scenarios ◽

Acceleration Data ◽

Before And After ◽

Output Only ◽

Direct Use

The Savitzky–Golay filter (SGF) is a time-domain technique that determines a trend line for a signal. The direct application of SGF for damage localization and quantification is investigated in this paper. Therefore, a single-stage trend line-based damage detection method employing SGF is proposed in which the damage is located and quantified at the bridge under moving load. A simply supported beam under moving sprung mass is numerically simulated to verify the proposed method. Four different velocities and five different single- and multi-damage scenarios are considered. The acceleration data along the beam are obtained, manually polluted with noise and their trend lines are then determined using SGF. The results show that the proposed method can accurately locate and quantify the damage using these trend lines. It is proved that the proposed method is insensitive to the noise and velocity variation in which having a constant velocity is a hard task before and after damage. Additionally, defining a normalization factor and fitting a Gaussian curve to this factor provide an estimation for the baseline and therefore, it categorizes the proposed method as baseline-free method.

Download Full-text

A modified rigid barrier for improved assessment of occupant injury in incompatible frontal collisions

International Journal of Vehicle Safety ◽

10.1504/ijvs.2008.025074 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 319

Author(s):

Anindya Deb ◽

Kalyan S. Cheruvu ◽

Shi jie Ruan

Keyword(s):

Rigid Barrier ◽

Occupant Injury ◽

Frontal Collisions

Download Full-text

Factors Affecting The Experimental Line Spread Function (Lsf) Measurement And Modulation Transfer Function (Mtf) Calculation Including Deviation In Characteristic Curve Shape

10.1117/12.958898 ◽

1980 ◽

Author(s):

Marcia E. Dahle ◽

Arthur G. Haus

Keyword(s):

Transfer Function ◽

Modulation Transfer Function ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Curve Shape ◽

Modulation Transfer ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Line Spread Function ◽

Experimental Line ◽

Spread Function ◽

Line Spread

Download Full-text

Identification of chaotic phenomena in a flexible deployable solar panel with multiple clearances

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1139/tcsme-2019-0240 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Xuesong Qiu ◽

Jian Liu ◽

Peng Gui ◽

Ya’nan Wang

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Characteristics ◽

Lagrange Equation ◽

Solar Panel ◽

System Structure ◽

Velocity Variation ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Chaotic Phenomena ◽

Collision Force ◽

System Life

Deployable solar panels are widely used in spacecraft, and the dynamic characteristics of the deployment process directly affect the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the deployment. The flexibility and hinge clearance of a solar panel are important factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of the deployment system. The finite element method (FEM) was used to deal with the deformations of the solar panel. A dynamic model of the deployment process of a flexible solar panel with multiple clearances was established by combining the Lagrange equation with the FEM. The dynamic characteristics of solar panel deployment with multiple clearances and flexibility coupling were analyzed through a numerical solution, and the chaotic phenomena caused by clearances were identified. The results show that reasonably matching the clearance and flexibility of the system structure could quickly stabilize the collision force, improve the system life, and effectively improve the stability of the solar panel deployment process. Chaotic phenomena could be induced by the deployment velocity in a certain range, and the boundary value of the range changed with different clearance radii. The velocity variation law inducing chaotic phenomena also varied with the radius of clearance. This research provides important guidance for the optimum design and manufacturing of deployable solar panel mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Car Safety

Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics - Handbook of Research on Intelligent Techniques and Modeling Applications in Marketing Analytics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0997-4.ch017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 305-331

Author(s):

António Moreira ◽

Monica Gouveia ◽

Pedro Macedo

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Essential Feature ◽

Research Work ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Euro Ncap ◽

Assessment Programme ◽

Car Safety ◽

Research Questions ◽

Frontal Collisions ◽

Crash Tests

Car safety is an essential feature of marketing strategies for automobile companies. In this work, a statistical analysis on crash tests is conducted based on data available from European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP). The research work developed in this chapter presents a statistical analysis of the information produced by Euro NCAP, using the SPSS and MATLAB software, and seeks to answer the following research questions: - are there statistically significant differences on adult occupant safety in the six years under study? - are there statistically significant differences among the best-selling car classes regarding safety in frontal collisions? - are electric and hybrid automobiles less secure than their traditional counterparts with respect to frontal collisions?

Download Full-text

Factors affecting mobile immunisation notification system adoption in Uganda

International Journal of Electronic Healthcare ◽

10.1504/ijeh.2018.094023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jackson Abandu ◽

Florence N. Kivunike

Keyword(s):

Notification System ◽

Factors Affecting

Download Full-text

Evaluation of factors affecting accurate measurements of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> by wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-5-5009-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 5009-5041 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Nara ◽

H. Tanimoto ◽

Y. Tohjima ◽

H. Mukai ◽

Y. Nojiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Correction Function ◽

Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Synthetic Standard ◽

Cavity Ring Down

Abstract. We examined potential interferences from water vapor and atmospheric background gases (N2, O2, and Ar), and biases by isotopologues of target species, on accurate measurement of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 by means of wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS). Variations in the composition of the background gas substantially impacted the CO2 and CH4 measurements: the measured amounts of CO2 and CH4 decreased with increasing N2 mole fraction, but increased with increasing O2 and Ar, suggesting that the pressure-broadening effects (PBEs) increased as Ar < O2 < N2. Using these experimental results, we inferred PBEs for the measurement of synthetic standard gases. The PBEs were negligible (up to 0.05 ppm for CO2 and 0.01 ppb for CH4) for gas standards balanced with purified air, although the PBEs were substantial (up to 0.87 ppm for CO2 and 1.4 ppb for CH4) for standards balanced with synthetic air. For isotopic biases on CO2 measurements, we compared experimental results and theoretical calculations, which showed excellent agreement within their uncertainty. We derived empirical correction functions for water vapor for three WS-CRDS instruments (Picarro EnviroSense 3000i, G-1301, and G-2301). Although the transferability of the functions was not clear, no significant difference was found in the water vapor correction values among these instruments within the typical analytical precision at sufficiently low water concentrations (< 0.3%V for CO2 and < 0.4%V for CH4). For accurate measurements of CO2 and CH4 in ambient air, we concluded that WS-CRDS measurements should be performed under complete dehumidification of air samples, or moderate dehumidification followed by application of a water vapor correction function, along with calibration by natural air-based standard gases or purified air-balanced synthetic standard gases with isotopic correction.

Download Full-text

Lower Extremity Mechanism and Responses in Various Frontal Impact Configurations

Volume 12: Transportation Systems ◽

10.1115/imece2017-72702 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Barbat ◽

Xiaowei Li

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Oblique Impact ◽

Instrument Panel ◽

Crash Test ◽

Frontal Impact ◽

Vehicle Interior ◽

Rigid Barrier ◽

Frontal Crash ◽

Crash Tests ◽

Small Overlap

An analysis of the lower extremity responses in various frontal impact test configurations was performed. The THOR-LX anthropomorphic test device (ATD) representing a mid-size adult male was used. Four groups of frontal crash test data were analyzed. These groups included: Rigid Fixed Barrier (RFB), Moderate Overlap Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB), Small Overlap Rigid Barrier (SORB), and Oblique Impact (OI) crash tests.. This analysis indicated that the lower extremity responses could be high especially in the oblique impact and small overlap crash tests. This study focused on understanding the causes of the resulting high responses. ATD lower extremity kinematics and interaction with intruded body structure and/or instrument panel varied in the different frontal impact configurations. Therefore, the dominant causes of lower extremity responses in terms of tibia forces and moments were not the same for all frontal crash modes. Maximum Tibia Index results associated with the four groups of frontal impact tests were used to develop a better understanding of ATD kinematics and response mechanisms of the lower extremities. The contact sequence of the lower leg to vehicle interior components was illustrated for OI. This paper investigated the cause of lower extremity responses in these crash tests. Analysis indicated that the time at which maximum intrusion occurs did not necessarily coincide with the time of maximum lower extremity responses expressed by the Tibia Index.

Download Full-text