scholarly journals Analysis of Mental State of Patients after Drug Addiction and Withdrawal Guided by PETCT Image Based on Optimized Image Fusion Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yaowen Pang ◽  
Xiang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) studies have shown that drug-dependent patients are activated in different addictive brain areas under the stimulation of relevant environmental cues, which in turn leads to craving and relapse. This study uses magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure brain temperature to explore the brain temperature changes in different addictive brain regions of heroin and methamphetamine addicts in a short-term withdrawal state and to explore whether the quantitative index of brain temperature change can be used as a diagnostic drug Methods. The subjects were scanned by resting-state MRI spectroscopy first and then subjected to MRI spectroscopy scanning under visual stimulation. The subjects were required to watch the heroin/meth-related clue pictures carefully during visual stimulation. The measured chemical shift value of N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA) is substituted into the brain temperature calculation formula T = 37 + 100 to obtain the brain temperature before and after visual stimulation. In addition, the anxiety and depression states of heroin and methamphetamine-dependent patients were evaluated. Results. There was no statistically significant change in the brain temperature of the prefrontal cortex before and after visual stimulation in heroin and methamphetamine-dependent subjects; compared with the normal group, there was no change in prefrontal cortex brain temperature before and after visual stimulation in heroin and methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Statistical Significance. The changes of hippocampal temperature before and after visual stimulation in methamphetamine-dependent patients were not statistically significant; compared with the normal group, there was no statistically significant difference in the changes of hippocampal temperature before and after visual stimulation in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Conclusion. This study initially found that the visual cues related to heroin and methamphetamine were not enough to cause significant changes in the brain temperature of the prefrontal cortex.

Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic measurement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in major depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Krøll Knudsen ◽  
Jamie Near ◽  
Anne Bastholm Blicher ◽  
Poul Videbech ◽  
Jakob Udby Blicher
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectivePrior studies suggest that a dysregulation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the pathophysiology of major depression. We aimed to elucidate changes in cortical GABA content in relation to depression and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).MethodsIn total, 11 patients with major depression or depressive episode of bipolar disorder (mean pre-ECT Ham-17 of 26) and 11 healthy subjects were recruited. GABA was quantified using short-TE MRS in prefrontal and occipital cortex. Other neurometabolites such as glutathione (GSH), N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate (Glu) were secondary outcome measures.ResultsNo significant differences in GABA/Cr levels were observed between patients at baseline and healthy subjects in prefrontal cortex, t(20)=0.089, p=0.93 or occipital cortex t(21)=0.37, p=0.72. All patients improved on Ham-17 (mean post-ECT Ham-17 of 9). No significant difference was found in GABA, Glu, glutamine, choline or GSH between pre- and post-ECT values. However, we observed a significant decrease in NAA levels following ECT t(22)=3.89, p=0.0038, and a significant correlation between the NAA decline and the number of ECT sessions p=0.035.ConclusionsOur study does not support prior studies arguing for GABA as a key factor in the treatment effect of ECT on major depression. The reduction in NAA levels following ECT could be due to neuronal loss or a transient dysfunction in prefrontal cortex. As no long-term follow-up scan was performed, it is unknown whether NAA levels will normalise over time.

STUDY CLINICAL FEATURE AND RESULT OF TREATMENT PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Van Nam Phan ◽  
Ba Ken Tran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: Study clinical feature of phacomorphic glaucoma. To evaluate the result of treatment phacomorphic glaucoma. Method: The retrospective, interventional study on 36 cases with phacomorphic glaucoma who underwent treated at Hue Central Hospital from 6/2010 to 6/2011. Standard of research: visual, IOP, before and after surgery, accompanying lesions and post-operative complications. The surgery is considered successful when postoperative IOP less than 21 mmHg. Results: Age 50-59 presented 30.5 percent, ≥ 60 presented 91.7 percent. There was a slight female preponderance (66.7%) compared to the male population (33.3%) which implies a statistically marginally significant difference. However there was no statistical significance difference when compared by the two subgroups. Patient in country presented 61,1% and city presented 38,9%. The duration between the onset of pain and surgery from 0 to < 5 days (77.8%), from 6 to 10 (16.7%) and >10 days presented 5.5%. The preoperative intraocular pressure 35 to 45mmHg (47.2%), 46-55 (30.6%), 56-65 (13.9%) and more than 65 presented 8.3%. The visual acuity preoperation less than 1metre count finger (94.5%), less than 3 metre count finger presented 5.5%. Close anterior chamber angle presented 80.6% and shallow was presented 19.4%. Corneal edema presented 100%, iritis presented 94.4%, dilated pupil larger 5mm presented 83.3%, Synchynea iris and cataract presented 72.2%. ECCE, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 11.1%, Phaco, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 69,5%, ECCE implantation IOL presented 5.6%, Phaco, implantation IOL presented 13.8%. Postoperative visual acuity from 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, no case have VA larger than 5/10. Postoperative 3 months VA 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, larger VA 5/10 presented 8.3%. Postoperative 3 months intraocular pressure ≤ 21mmHg presented 91.7%, 22 to 24mmHg presented 8.3%, no case have IOP ≥25mmHg. Postoperative edema presented 58.3%, iritis presented 58.3%. Key words: phacomorphic Glaucoma

Neurometabolic Diseases in Children: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Direnç Özlem Aksoy ◽  
Alpay Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurometabolic Disorders ◽  
Brain Involvement ◽  
The Brain

Background: Neurometabolic diseases are a group of diseases secondary to disorders in different metabolic pathways, which lead to white and/or gray matter of the brain involvement. </P><P> Discussion: Neurometabolic disorders are divided in two groups as dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases. Because of wide spectrum of these disorders, there are many different classifications of neurometabolic diseases. We used the classification according to brain involvement areas. In radiological evaluation, MRI provides useful information for these disseases. Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides additional metabolic information for diagnosis and follow ups in childhood with neurometabolic diseases.

State Recreational Marijuana Laws and Dispensaries: Chronic School Absenteeism in Washington State

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Gakh ◽  
Courtney Coughenour ◽  
Brooke Kleven ◽  
Brian Labus
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Washington State ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Chronic Absenteeism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recreational Marijuana

Objective: Whereas states continue to experiment with liberalized marijuana laws, how these laws impact health, education, and social factors is not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined whether chronic school absenteeism rates changed in Washington State in the presence of recreational marijuana dispensaries pursuant to implementation of the state’s recreational marijuana laws. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using school district chronic absenteeism rates before and after the presence of recreational dispensaries. Results: The results of the independent samples t-test showed no statistically significant difference in chronic absenteeism rates among districts with or without recreational marijuana dispensaries. Conclusions: The finding of no statistical significance for chronic absenteeism in districts with and without recreational dispensaries – a pattern that largely persisted among at-risk groups – supports that the presence of recreational marijuana dispensaries seems neither to exacerbate nor improve chronic school absenteeism rates. This finding is important for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers trying to understand the changing marijuana legal landscape.

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