A Novel Circular Plate Acoustic Energy Harvester for Urban Railway Noise

To harvest acoustic energy from urban railways, a novel and practical acoustic energy harvester is developed. The harvester consists of a piezoelectric circular plate and a Helmholtz resonator. Based on the field test data of urban railways, the resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric circular plate and the Helmholtz resonator are near 800 Hz. The Helmholtz resonator is designed to amplify the sound pressure. Thus, a lumped parameter model is established. The piezoelectric circular plate is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The simulation results show that the output power of the harvester is approximately 25 μW and the maximum voltage is 0.149 V under the excitation of urban railway noise. The experiment device is also developed. The maximum output power of the harvester is 8.452 μW, and the maximum voltage is 0.082 V. The experimental and the numerical results are in good agreement and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed acoustic energy harvester.

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Analytical Modeling of a Doubly Clamped Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Axial Excitation and Its Experimental Characterization

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3861

Author(s):

Jie Mei ◽

Qiong Fan ◽

Lijie Li ◽

Dingfang Chen ◽

Lin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Power Output ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Engineering Practice ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Axial Excitation

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, novel power solutions are required to adapt to flexible surfaces for widespread applications, thus flexible energy harvesters have been extensively studied for their flexibility and stretchability. However, poor power output and insufficient sensitivity to environmental changes limit its widespread application in engineering practice. A doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) with axial excitation is therefore proposed for higher power output in a low-frequency vibration environment. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the D’Alembert principle, the differential dynamic equation of the doubly clamped energy harvester is derived, in which the excitation mode of axial load with pre-deformation is considered. A numerical solution of voltage amplitude and average power is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Output power of 22.5 μW at 27.1 Hz, with the optimal load resistance being 1 MΩ, is determined by the frequency sweeping analysis. In order to power electronic devices, the converted alternating electric energy should be rectified into direct current energy. By connecting to the MDA2500 standard rectified electric bridge, a rectified DC output voltage across the 1 MΩ load resistor is characterized to be 2.39 V. For further validation of the mechanical-electrical dynamical model of the doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, its output performances, including both its frequency response and resistance load matching performances, are experimentally characterized. From the experimental results, the maximum output power is 1.38 μW, with a load resistance of 5.7 MΩ at 27 Hz, and the rectified DC output voltage reaches 1.84 V, which shows coincidence with simulation results and is proved to be sufficient for powering LED electronics.

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Study of the Properties of a Hybrid Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for a Civil Engineering Low-Frequency Sloshing Environment

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Nan Wu ◽

Yuncheng He ◽

Jiyang Fu ◽

Peng Liao

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Civil Engineering ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Electromagnetic Energy ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Piezoelectric Film ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Level Height

In this paper a novel hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvester for civil engineering low-frequency sloshing environment is reported. The architecture, fabrication and characterization of the harvester are discussed. The hybrid energy harvester is composed of a permanent magnet, copper coil, and PVDF(polyvinylidene difluoride) piezoelectric film, and the upper U-tube device containing a cylindrical fluid barrier is connected to the foundation support plate by a hinge and spring. The two primary means of energy collection were through the vortex street, which alternately impacted the PVDF piezoelectric film through fluid shedding, and the electromotive force (EMF) induced by changes in the magnetic field position in the conducting coil. Experimentally, the maximum output power of the piezoelectric transformer of the hybrid energy harvester was 2.47 μW (circuit load 270 kΩ; liquid level height 80 mm); and the maximum output power of the electromagnetic generator was 2.72 μW (circuit load 470 kΩ; liquid level height 60 mm). The low-frequency sloshing energy collected by this energy harvester can drive microsensors for civil engineering monitoring.

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Modelling of Mechanical Nonlinearity in an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Using a Forced Duffing Equation

Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems; Structural Health Monitoring ◽

10.1115/smasis2012-7910 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. D. Moss ◽

L. A. Vandewater ◽

S. C. Galea

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Duffing Oscillator ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Vibration Energy ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽

Vibration Energy Harvester ◽

Homotopy Analysis ◽

Wire Coil

This work reports on the modelling and experimental validation of a bi-axial vibration energy harvesting approach that uses a permanent-magnet/ball-bearing arrangement and a wire-coil transducer. The harvester’s behaviour is modelled using a forced Duffing oscillator, and the primary first order steady state resonant solutions are found using the homotopy analysis method (or HAM). Solutions found are shown to compare well with measured bearing displacements and harvested output power, and are used to predict the wideband frequency response of this type of vibration energy harvester. A prototype harvesting arrangement produced a maximum output power of 12.9 mW from a 12 Hz, 500 milli-g (or 4.9 m/s2) rms excitation.

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The effect of type of sound damper material in the Helmholtz resonator to the output power spectrum of acoustic energy Harvester

Journal of Physics Theories and Applications ◽

10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v3i2.38148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Hedwigis Harindra ◽

Agung Bambang Setio Utomo ◽

Ikhsan Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Power Spectrum ◽

Electric Power ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Helmholtz Resonator ◽

Acoustic Energy ◽

Acoustic Energy Harvesting ◽

Wasted Energy ◽

Second Peak ◽

Output Electric Power

Acoustic energy harvesting is one of many ways to harness acoustic noises as wasted energy into useful electical energy using an acoustic energy harvester. Acoustic energy harvester that tested by Dimastya (2018) which is consisted of loudspeaker and Helmholtz resonator, produced two-peak spectrum. It is suspected that the first peak is due to Helmholtz resonator resonance and the second peak comesfrom the resonance of the conversion loudspeaker. This research is to experimentally confirm the guess of the origin of the first peak. The experiments are performed by adding silencer materials on the resonator inner wall which are expected to be able to reduce the height of first peak and to know how they affect the output electric power spectrum of the acoustic energy harvester. Three different silencer materials are used, those are glasswool, acoustic foam, and styrofoam, with the same thickness of 12 cm. The results show that glasswool absorbs sound more effectively than acostic foam and styrofoam. The use of glasswool, acoustic foam, and styrofoam with 12 cm thickness lowered the first peak by 90% (from 39 mW to 0,5 mW), 82% (from 39 mW to 0,7 mW), and 82% (from 39 mW to 0,7 mW), respectively. Based on these results, it is concluded that the guess of the origin of the first peak is confirmed.

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A panel acoustic energy harvester based on the integration of acoustic metasurface and Helmholtz resonator

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/5.0074701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 119 (25) ◽

pp. 253903

Author(s):

Xiaobin Cui ◽

Jinjie Shi ◽

Xiaozhou Liu ◽

Yun Lai

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvester ◽

Helmholtz Resonator ◽

Acoustic Energy

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Tunable acoustic energy harvester using Helmholtz resonator and dual piezoelectric cantilever beams

2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium ◽

10.1109/ultsym.2014.0622 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aichao Yang ◽

Ping Li ◽

Yumei Wen ◽

Caijiang Lu ◽

Xiao Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvester ◽

Helmholtz Resonator ◽

Acoustic Energy ◽

Cantilever Beams ◽

Piezoelectric Cantilever

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Acoustic wave-driven oxidized liquid metal-based energy harvester

The European Physical Journal Applied Physics ◽

10.1051/epjap/2018180011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 20902 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jinpyo Jeon ◽

Sang Kug Chung ◽

Jeong-Bong Lee ◽

Seok Joo Doo ◽

Daeyoung Kim

Keyword(s):

Liquid Metal ◽

Acoustic Wave ◽

Double Layer ◽

Electrical Double Layer ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Metal Droplet ◽

Acoustic Energy ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Output Current ◽

Liquid Metal Droplet

We report an oxidized liquid metal droplet-based energy harvester that converts acoustic energy into electrical energy by modulating an electrical double layer that originates from the deformation of the oxidized liquid metal droplet. Gallium-based liquid metal alloy has been developed for various applications owing to the outstanding material properties, such as its high electrical conductivity (metallic property) and unlimited deformability (liquid property). In this study, we demonstrated energy harvesting using an electrical double layer between the acoustic wave-modulated liquid metal droplet and two electrodes. The proposed energy harvester consisted of top and bottom electrodes covered with the dielectric layer and a Gallium-based liquid metal droplet placed between the electrodes. When we applied an external bias voltage and acoustic wave to the proposed device, the contact area between the liquid metal droplet and the electrodes changed, leading to the variation of the capacitance in the electrical double layer and the generation of electrical output current. Using the proposed energy harvester, the maximum output current of 41.2 nA was generated with an applied acoustic wave of 30 Hz. In addition, we studied the relationships between the maximum output current and a variety of factors, such as the size of the liquid metal droplet, the thickness of the hydrophobic layer, and the distance between the top and bottom electrode plates.

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Electromagnetic based acoustic energy harvester for low power wireless autonomous sensor applications

Sensor Review ◽

10.1108/sr-04-2017-0062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 298-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Izhar ◽

Farid Ullah Khan

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvester ◽

Helmholtz Resonator ◽

Acoustic Energy ◽

Flexible Membrane ◽

Content Type ◽

Electric Generator ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Real Environment ◽

Autonomous Sensor ◽

First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel electromagnetic-based acoustic energy harvester (EH) for the application of wireless autonomous sensors. Design/methodology/approach The developed acoustic EH comprises a Helmholtz resonator (HR), a suspension system that consists of a flexible membrane and a permanent magnet, a couple of coils and a coil holder. Furthermore, the HR, used in the harvester, is designed for a specific resonant frequency based on simulation carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Findings The developed harvester is tested both in lab under harmonic sound pressure levels (SPLs) and in real environment under random SPLs. In lab, when exposed to 100 dB SPL, the harvester generated a peak power of 212 µW. Furthermore, in real environment in vicinity of electric generator, the harvester produced an output voltage of about 110 mV collectively from its both coils. Originality/value In this paper, a novel geometric configuration for electromagnetic-based acoustic EH is proposed. In the developed harvester, two coils are placed in it to achieve enhanced electrical output from it for the first time.

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Bidirectional Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19183845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (18) ◽

pp. 3845 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrius Čeponis ◽

Dalius Mažeika ◽

Artūras Kilikevičius

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Electrical Characteristics ◽

Harmonic Vibrations ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Bending Modes

This paper represents a numerical and experimental investigation of the bidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester can harvest energy from the vibrating base in two perpendicular directions. The introduced harvester consists of two cantilevers that are connected by a particular angle and two seismic masses. The first mass is placed at a free end of the harvester while the second mass is fixed at the joining point of the cantilevers. The piezoelectric energy harvester employs the first and the second out of plane bending modes. The numerical investigation was carried out to obtain optimal geometrical parameters and to calculate the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the harvester. The energy harvester can provide stable output power during harmonic and impact-based excitation in two directions. The results of the investigations showed that energy harvester provides a maximum output power of 16.85 µW and 15.9 4 µW when the base has harmonic vibrations in y and z directions, respectively. Maximum output of 4.059 nW/N and 3.1 nW/N in y and z directions were obtained in case of impact based excitation

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