scholarly journals Associations between Childhood Abuse, Resilience, Mindfulness, and Waterpipe Smoking: Implications for Cessation Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Naghavi ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Introduction. Recent research has established a link between childhood abuse and later drug abuse. For waterpipe smoking (WPS), such a role has not been adequately clarified. Aims. To explore the mediating effect of resilience and mindfulness on the association between childhood abuse and current WPS among college students. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a consecutive sample ( n = 776 ) of college students in Kerman, Iran. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Abuse Short Form, the 14-item Resilience Scale, and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory were used. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the complex associations between variables. Results. Nearly 95% of participants were aged between 18 and 27 years, and the mean (SD) age of students was 22.2 (3.1). Most of them were single (84.4), and 52.7% were female. Prevalence of lifetime and current WPS among students was 49.6% and 33.4%, respectively. Less than one-third ( n = 228 ) of lifetime users first tried smoking by the age of 18. The risk of current WPS was significantly higher in males than females ( β = 0.25 , P < 0.001 ). Childhood abuse was directly associated with current WPS ( β = 0.20 , P < 0.001 ) and resilience ( β = − 0.12 , P < 0.05 ). Adverse childhood experiences were also indirectly (mediated by the effect of the resilience, path coefficient = 0.06 , P < 0.001 ) associated with the risk of WPS. No relationship was seen between trait mindfulness and current WPS ( β = − 0.02 , P = 0.393 ). Resilience was negatively associated with current WPS ( β = − 0.47 , P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The study revealed the potential importance of childhood abuse and low resilience as risk factors precipitating the onset of WPS. Further studies are warranted to examine the implications of this study for quitting WPS.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Problems among Adolescent Students: Mediation by Depression or Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
E-Jin Park ◽  
Shin-Young Kim ◽  
Yeeun Kim ◽  
Dajung Sung ◽  
Bora Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to be closely related to depression, anxiety and sleep problems. However, it remains unclear whether adolescents with ACEs have sleep problems regardless of depression or anxiety or under a mediating effect from depression or anxiety. Therefore, our aim was to examine whether depression or anxiety mediates the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems in adolescents by using a community sample. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report–Short Form (ETISR-SF) and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were used to assess traumatic ACEs. Ultimately, data from 737 students (M = 448, F = 289, 15.1 ± 1.4 years old) were included in the statistical analysis. A total of 576 (78.1%) participants reported that they had experienced one or more ACEs. Adolescents with ACEs had higher levels of depression, anxiety and sleep problems than did adolescents without ACEs, and boys tended to experience more trauma than girls. Depression and anxiety partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems. The results of this study suggest the need for depression and anxiety interventions for adolescents with ACEs to reduce the long-term consequences, including sleep problems and physical health problems.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gang Involvement Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing the Mediation Effects of Substance Use and Temperament Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Hannah J. Klein ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Gang Involvement ◽  
Adverse Childhood

A growing body of research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Less understood is the role of ACEs in gang involvement among juvenile offenders. The current longitudinal study employs a sample of 104,267 juvenile offenders (mean age of 16, 76% male, 46% Black non-Hispanic, 15.7% Hispanic) to examine the effect of ACE exposure on two different measures of gang involvement by age 18. We use structural equation modeling to test whether higher ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement and whether current substance use and/or difficult temperament mediates the ACE-gang involvement relationship. Results indicate ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement by age 18, but that much of the effect of ACEs on later gang involvement can be explained by their impact on current substance abuse and difficult temperament. Implications for juvenile justice systems are discussed.

scholarly journals Social engagement and allostatic load mediate between adverse childhood experiences and multimorbidity in mid to late adulthood: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Leslie Atkinson ◽  
Divya Joshi ◽  
Parminder Raina ◽  
Lauren E. Griffith ◽  
Harriet MacMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with multimorbidity in adulthood. This link may be mediated by psychosocial and biological factors, but evidence is lacking. The current study evaluates this mediation model. Method We analyzed data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 27 170 community participants). Participants were 45–85 years at recruitment, when allostatic load and social engagement data were collected, and 3 years older at follow-up, when ACEs and multimorbidity data were collected. Structural equation modeling was used to test for mediation in the overall sample, and in sex- and age-stratified subsamples, all analyses adjusted for concurrent lifestyle confounds. Results In the overall sample, ACEs were associated with multimorbidity, directly, β = 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.11–0.13) and indirectly. Regarding indirect associations, ACEs were related to social engagement, β = −0.14 (−0.16 to −0.12) and social engagement was related to multimorbidity, β = −0.10 (−0.12 to −0.08). ACEs were related to allostatic load, β = 0.04 (0.03–0.05) and allostatic load was related to multimorbidity, β = 0.16 (0.15–0.17). The model was significant for males and females and across age cohorts, with qualifications in the oldest stratum (age 75–85). Conclusions ACEs are related to multimorbidity, directly and via social engagement and allostatic load. This is the first study to show mediated pathways between early adversity and multimorbidity in adulthood. It provides a platform for understanding multimorbidity as a lifespan dynamic informing the co-occurrence of the varied disease processes represented in multimorbidity.

Life Course Pathways From Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Physical Health: A Structural Equation Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula S. Nurius ◽  
Christopher M. Fleming ◽  
Eleanor Brindle
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Objective: This study examines pathways from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to physical health, directly and indirectly through lower income, health risk behaviors, social support, and adult adversity within a theoretical framework postulating stress proliferative and biological trajectories of cumulative adversity. Method: Data were obtained from 12,549 adult respondents of a state Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Multigroup structural equation modeling elucidated pathways differentiated by sex and age (older/younger than 45). Results: Good model fit was achieved in each test, indicating consistency with stress theorizing that ACEs significantly contribute to poorer physical health through direct and mediated paths. Younger adults evidenced direct ACE pathway to poor health suggesting early biological erosion, whereas paucity of social support among older adults was directly associated. Discussion: Findings indicate that stress process roles in eroding physical health and experience of wellness. Addressing early adversity is an important strategy toward reducing preventable health problems.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Well-Being in Chinese College Students: Mediation Effect of Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1636
Author(s):  
Chien-Chung Huang ◽  
Yuanfa Tan ◽  
Shannon P. Cheung ◽  
Hongwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Literature on the antecedents of psychological well-being (PWB) has found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mindfulness are associated with PWB; less is known, however, about the role of mindfulness, a type of emotional and self-regulation, in the pathway between ACEs and PWB. This study used data from 1871 college students across China to examine the relation between ACEs and PWB, and whether the relation was mediated by mindfulness. The findings from structural equation modelling indicate a statistically significant negative association between ACEs and PWB, while mindfulness was strongly and positively associated with PWB. The effect of ACEs on PWB was reduced once mindfulness was controlled for in the analysis. This provides evidence that mindfulness was able to partially mediate the effects of negative life experiences on psychological well-being. This calls for mindfulness interventions targeted toward students with a history of ACEs to buffer the effects of ACEs on PWB.

scholarly journals Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Dube ◽  
V. J. Felitti ◽  
M. Dong ◽  
D. P. Chapman ◽  
W. H. Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Creating Relationships Responsive to Students' Needs

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Brianne N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student Relationships ◽  
The Third ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Adverse Childhood

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the author's experiences in teaching and mentoring high school and college students. One experience shared identifies the challenges students from minoritized populations may have with teachers from the dominant majority and the effects this has on students. Another experience shared details the importance of strong teacher-student relationships and how many times they are forged during participation in extra- or co-curricular activities. The third experience shared focuses on working with students who have had trauma in their backgrounds or who have had adverse childhood experiences. The chapter concludes with some helpful tips for teachers.

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