scholarly journals A Street-Level IP Geolocation Method Based on Delay-Distance Correlation and Multilayered Common Routers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shichang Ding ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Xiangyang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Distance Correlation ◽  
Ip Geolocation ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Relative Delay ◽  
Geolocation Accuracy ◽  
Geographical Locations

The geographical locations of smart devices can help in providing authentication information between multimedia content providers and users in 5G networks. The IP geolocation methods can help in estimating the geographical location of these smart devices. The two key assumptions of existing IP geolocation methods are as follows: (1) the smallest relative delay comes from the nearest host; (2) the distance between hosts which share the closest common routers is smaller than others. However, the two assumptions are not always true in weakly connected networks, which may affect accuracy. We propose a novel street-level IP geolocation algorithm (Corr-SLG), which is based on the delay-distance correlation and multilayered common routers. The first key idea of Corr-SLG is to divide landmarks into different groups based on relative-delay-distance correlation. Different from previous methods, Corr-SLG geolocates the host based on the largest relative delay for the strongly negatively correlated groups. The second key idea is to introduce the landmarks which share multilayered common routers into the geolocation process, instead of only relying on the closest common routers. Besides, to increase the number of landmarks, a new street-level landmark collection method called WiFi landmark is also presented in this paper. The experiments in one province capital city of China, Zhengzhou, show that Corr-SLG can improve the geolocation accuracy remarkably in a real-world network.

scholarly journals Street-Level Landmark Evaluation Based on Nearest Routers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixiang Li ◽  
Yuchen Sun ◽  
Jianwei Hu ◽  
Te Ma ◽  
Xiangyang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Distance Constraint ◽  
Distance Correlation ◽  
Ip Geolocation ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Relation Model ◽  
The Mean

High reliable street-level landmarks are the basis of IP geolocation, but landmark evaluation methods having been proposed cannot evaluate the street-level landmarks. Therefore, in this paper, a street-level landmark evaluation method based on nearest router is proposed. The location organization declared is regarded as an area not a point. Firstly, the declared location of preevaluated landmark is verified by IP location databases. Secondly, the preevaluated landmarks are grouped according to their nearest router. Then, the distance constraint is obtained using delay value between landmark and its nearest router by delay-distance correlation. And relation model is established among distance constraint, organization’s region radius, and distance between two landmarks. Finally, the reliability value of landmarks is calculated in each group based on relational model and binomial distribution. Landmarks evaluation experiment is taken based on 7082 preevaluated landmarks, and the results show that geolocation errors decrease obviously using evaluated landmarks. The mean error of 100 targets in Shanghai is reduced from 7.832km to 2.185km.

scholarly journals Bayesian Geographical Multi-Dimensional Scaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Hayato Nishi ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) is a popular method of visualizing the similarity of individuals in a dataset. When dissimilarities between individuals in a dataset are measured, MDS projects these individuals into the (typically two- or three-dimensional) map. In this map, because similar individuals are projected to be close to one another, distances between individuals correspond to their dissimilarities. In other words, MDS makes a similarity map of a dataset.</p><p>Some of the dissimilarities and distances have a strong relation to the geographical location. For example, time distances are similar to geographical distances, and regional features will be similar if the regions are close together. Therefore, it will be useful to compare the MDS projection and geographical locations. However, because MDS projection is not concerned with the rotation, parallel translation, and similarity expansion, it might be difficult to compare the projection to the actual geographical locations. When geographically related similarities are visualized, projected locations should be bound to the geographical locations.</p><p>In this article, we propose Bayesian Geographical Multidimensional Scaling (BGMDS), in which geographical restrictions of projections are given from a statistical point of view. BGMDS gives not only geographically bound projections, but also incorporates the uncertainty of the projections.</p>

scholarly journals Largest enterprises in the Czech Republic: A spatio-temporal perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Sucháček ◽  
Petra Baránek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Spatial Profile ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Large Enterprise ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Large Enterprises

This article focuses on spatial structure of one hundred largest enterprises in the Czech Republic from evolutionary perspective. The location of large enterprise headquarters in the Czech Republic and its implications for country’s economic spatial profile and unevenly distributed economic power is discussed thoroughly. The whole analysis is pragmatically accomplished at the level of self-governmental NUTS III regions. As it is shown, intense concentration processes in the location of largest enterprise headquarters were observed during the analyzed period between 1995 and 2010. The capital city with its surroundings proved to be the winners of this process. Currently, the spatial pattern of afore mentioned head offices is basically stabilized. On the other hand, weight of large enterprises of many regions is almost negligible and subsequently, rank of individual regions can be rather volatile. Generally speaking, economic map of the Czech Republic is not entirely in compliance with country’s settlement system. Simultaneously, fundamental factors determining the location of large enterprise head offices are evaluated also from qualitative perspective. Traditional hard location factors, such as infrastructure, geographical location or agglomeration economies turned out to be decisive for location decision-making. Apart from Prague, headquarters of large enterprises tend to prefer other big towns in the country, such as Brno, Ostrava, Olomouc, Hradec Králové or Plzeň.

BAIKAL-MONGOLIAN TRANSPORT CORRIDOR: RELATIONSHIP OF PRODUCTION AND POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Vorobyev ◽  
Alexander N. Vorobyev ◽  
Nina A. Ippolitova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Industrial Specialization ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Relationship Of

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatio-temporal relationship between the population and production of the urbanized territories of the Baikal-Mongolian transport corridor. Cross-cutting methods - statistical, cartograph-ic, comparative-geographical - are used at all stages of the study. The units of measurement taken are the following: in Russia - urban districts and municipal districts, in Mongolia - the capital city and aimags. The main results consist in identifying the main urbanized areas that have formed in places of maximum population concentration: around the capital city of Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia, and in southeastern Siberia around the regional centers of Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, and Chita. The demographic potential of the Baikal-Mongolian transport corridor is more than half of the population of the corresponding regions, while it reproduces and receives migrants from peripheral territories. Competitive advantages and opportunities of cities and regions are assessed as constituent parts of a single cross-border economic corridor. The increasing role of the main economic centers objectively leads to the growth of the corresponding agglomerations and damages the functioning of other urban settlements. Based on the analysis of the economic com-plex of the studied territory, the branches of industrial specialization are distinguished, the typologies of municipalities of the region are carried out according to the prevalence of the main activity in the industry. The determining factors of the social and economic development of cities are the effects of the economic and geographical location and the accumulated socio-economic potential of the territory in relation to adjacent spaces.

Alignment of Chartered SUCs Information Technology Program to the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Policies and Standards

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unife O. Cagas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Technology Education ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Information Technology Education ◽  
Excellence In Education ◽  
Geographical Locations

Considering the global challenge of achieving excellence in education, it is imperative that the Philippine Higher Education Institutions should align to the standards set by the accrediting bodies. The study aimed to determine the alignment of chartered SUCs IT program in the Caraga Region to CHED Policies and Standards. Employing mixed methods, the study considered three types of instruments: survey questionnaire, interview schedule, and observation/ocular visit checklist. The survey questionnaire and observation/ocular visit checklist, which was based on CMO no. 53, series 2006 for Information Technology Education Programs, were used. Data were subjected to statistical treatment as frequency, mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that in terms of alignment percentage by geographical location, generally, the areas – curriculum outline, instructional standards, admission and residence requirements, garnered the highest alignment percentage of 100.00% in four geographical locations. The study, therefore, concludes that one geographical location is not significantly better than the other, or that one is not significantly more aligned than other geographical locations. It is recommended that chartered SUC administrations should continuously upgrade and update the school’s physical facilities and equipment in conformity to the CHED standards and other recognized accrediting agencies that require standardization to support the IT faculty in the delivery of instruction.   Keywords - Technology Education, alignment, chartered SUCs, CHED policies and standards, descriptive design, Philippines

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE AS CULTURAL VALUE. VILNIUS CASE / SOVIETINIŲ METŲ ARCHITEKTŪRA KAIP KULTŪROS VERTYBĖ VILNIAUS ATVEJIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liutauras Nekrošius
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Image ◽  
New Town ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
The City

Within the whole town scale, the heritage objects of Vilnius contemporary architecture represent a relatively small (40 out of more then 2,500), but rather significant – due to their typological composition (most important public objects and districts of the city) and geographical location (centers and sub-centers) - group of buildings highly influencing the image of the capital city. The group encompasses the town-planning objects (two residential districts, students’ campus in Saulėtekis Ave, the New Town Center and complex of the Parliament buildings), architecture objects (15 public use buildings, 3 public interiors and 6 apartment houses), as well as historical objects (1 bridge, 1 public use and 1 residential buildings). The group of protected heritage objects was mostly developed during the occupation period, in the 1980-ies, according to the legislation of the time, prevalent political and artistic trends, as well as conditions of the planned economy and state (public) ownership. Following the essential transformations in the socio-cultural context, this group has been failed to reevaluate in a systemic way, without any new structure and conservation concept being formed in compliance with the new conditions. This has inflicted some damage to expression of the public image of the city and understanding of its values, needless to say that highly valuable buildings have been just left to fade away. Considering that it is highly relevant to maintain the most valuable architectural objects of the second half of the 20th century for future generations, it is essential to perform a physical status and use monitoring of heritage objects of contemporary architecture, update the data of heritage stocktaking, identify the boundaries of authorship rights (copyright) and real estate cultural heritage protection, estimate values of the protected objects, reconsider the ways of management and coordinate the processes of document revision and building renovation/ transformation. Santrauka Šiandieninėje Lietuvoje vykstantis sovietinių metų modernizmo architektūros paveldo objektų apsaugos procesas ir taikomos priemonės straipsnyje nagrinėjami remiantis Vilniaus miesto pavyzdžiu. Analizuojami po 1961 m., t. y. formalaus amžiaus cenzo neatitinkantys, Vilniuje įgyvendinti architektūrinio ir urbanistinio vertingųjų savybių pobūdžio nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo objektai ir vietovės. Tokių kūrinių Kultūros vertybių registre įvairiais skaičiavimais yra apie 40. Ši grupė XX a. II-ojoje pusėje formuota kaip raiškiai atspindinti laikotarpio architektūrinės kūrybos tendencijas bei tuometes politines nuostatas, tačiau po 1990 m. iš esmės nerevizuota, šiandien dėl pakitusių sociokultūrinių ir ekonominių sąlygų praranda turėtą artikuliaciją. Tai lėmė ir skirtingą objektų fizinę būklę. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti aktualiausias problemas, susijusias su kūrinių saugojimu, su įvykusiais objektų ir vietovių pakitimais. Svarstomos galimos tolesnės saugojimo kryptys, būdai. Bandoma formuluoti svarbius konceptualiuosius ir vertybinius klausimus, autoriaus manymu, būtinus kelti platesnių profesinių ir mokslinių diskusijų lygmeniu.

scholarly journals Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Coilia ectenes from Lake Taihu, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrong Duan ◽  
Dongpo Xu ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Yanfeng Zhou ◽  
Pao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Coilia Ectenes ◽  
Geographical Locations

AbstractTo investigate the community structure and species composition of intestinal microbiota in Coilia ectenes, sixty-seven samples were collected from Lake Taihu in China. The intestinal microbiota of the C. ectenes were identified by the V4 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene using high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, the water quality of different sampling sites was also evaluated. A total of 53 phyla and 730 classified genera were found in all the samples. The eight dominant phyla Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Crenarchaeota, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were included. The intestinal microbiota compositions of the C. ectenes obtained from the same location presented more similar profiles, and the intestinal microbiota compositions of the C. ectenes from different geographical locations showed considerable differences. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) abundance of the intestinal microbiota was significantly correlated with both the concentrations of total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a of the aquatic environment (p<0.05). Geographical location was an important determinant for the fish’s intestinal microbiota composition. The intestinal microbiota of C. ectenes would be affected by the concentrations of total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a in the water. These findings achieve a basic understanding of fish’s gut microbiota, and are helpful for the protection of fish resources in Lake Taihu and provided the cornerstone to sustainable utlization of C. ectenes.

scholarly journals Molecular Variation of Satellite DNAβ Molecules Associated with Malvastrum yellow vein virus and Their Role in Pathogenicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1909-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Tong Jiang ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Guixin Li ◽  
Xueping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Molecular Variation ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
Malvastrum Coromandelianum ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Limited Sequence

ABSTRACT Previous studies have found that the diversity of begomovirus-associated DNAβ satellites is related to host and geographical origin. In this study, we have cloned and sequenced 20 different isolates of DNAβ molecules associated with Malvastrum yellow vein virus (MYVV) isolated from Malvastrum coromandelianum plants in different geographical locations of Yunnan Province, China. Analyses of their molecular variation indicate that the satellites are clustered together according to their geographical location but that they have only limited sequence diversity. Infectivity tests using infectious clones of MYVV and its associated DNAβ molecule indicate that MYVV DNAβ is indispensable for symptom induction in Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, Petunia hybrida, and M. coromandelianum plants. Furthermore, we showed that MYVV interacts functionally with heterologous DNAβ molecules in N. benthamiana plants.

scholarly journals Cognitive solution for IoT communication technologies – emphasis on 5G

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Anisur Rahman Asif ◽  
Fatema Zahra ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Matin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Intelligent Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Cognitive Feature ◽  
Share Information

AbstractThe 5G cellular network technology, in collaboration with Internet of Things (IoT), is envisaged to connect the world together through a flawless Internet connection between devices and sensors. The things in IoT term can be of any smart devices or Internet-enabled sensors that can share information in order to perform a task collectively or individually. On the other hand, Cognitive Internet of Things plays a vital role in utilizing available spectrum for 5G networks. Addition of cognitive feature to the things can allow decision making capability, thereby reducing the overall traffic congestion and improving the efficiency of the whole IoT system. Therefore, it is of great concern to develop an intelligent network to address a few challenges such as heterogeneity and volume of devices in 5G. The aim of this article is to provide a critical review of existing IoT communication Technologies and highlight several challenges and their potential solutions associated with Cognitive IoT based 5G networks.

scholarly journals Street-Level IP Geolocation Algorithm Based on Landmarks Clustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 3345-3361
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Fenlin Liu ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Luo ◽  
Shichang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ip Geolocation ◽  
Street Level
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