scholarly journals Study on the Process and Characteristics of Clogging for Ceramic Permeable Brick

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zizeng Lin ◽  
Hai Yang ◽  
Huiming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Internal Pore Structure ◽  
Internal Pore ◽  
Insight Into

A ceramic permeable brick was selected for study in a device that was designed to fully investigate the process and characteristics of clogging in permeable bricks. In order to evaluate the permeability influenced by clogging, a simulated rainfall was filtered through the permeable brick placed in an innovative device. The macroscopic and microscopic changes in the brick and the filtrate were all measured to fully investigate the causes and process of clogging. Then, the mechanism of clogging in the permeable brick pores was further discussed. The results showed that the clogging risk of permeable brick was extremely high, and it can result in a complete clogging in only 5–10 years under the experimental conditions. The permeability coefficient and porosity both decreased exponentially with the increase in filtrate, which was attributed to the clogging of the internal pore structure due to particle interception. The chord size distribution results stressed that the blockage mainly occurred in the upper layer pores in the range of 0.5–1.5 mm, which is relatively sensitive to clogging due to the particle size distribution in rain water. The particle size distribution of the influent and effluent indicated that the clogging process could completely remove particles larger than 88 µm but showed variable removal efficiency for particles with sizes of 20–88 µm. This research offers new insight into the clogging of permeable bricks and provides theoretical guidance for restoring the brick permeability.

scholarly journals Aerosol droplet-size distribution and airborne nicotine portioning in particle and gas phases emitted by electronic cigarettes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Lalo ◽  
Lara Leclerc ◽  
Jérémy Sorin ◽  
Jérémie Pourchez
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Aerosol Droplet

AbstractThe reliable characterization of particle size distribution and nicotine delivery emitted by electronic cigarettes (ECs) is a critical issue in their design. Indeed, a better understanding of how nicotine is delivered as an aerosol with an appropriate aerodynamic size is a necessary step toward obtaining a well-designed nicotine transfer from the respiratory tract to the bloodstream to better satisfy craving and improve smoking cessation rates. To study these two factors, recent models of EC devices and a dedicated vaping machine were used to generate aerosols under various experimental conditions, including varying the EC power level using two different types of atomizers. The aerodynamic particle sizing of the resulting aerosol was performed using a cascade impactor. The nicotine concentration in the refill liquid and the aerosol droplet was quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array. The vaporization process and the physical and chemical properties of the EC aerosol were very similar at 15 watts (W) and 25 W using the low-power atomizer but quite distinct at 50 W using the high-power atomizer, as follows: (1) the mass median aerodynamic diameters ranged from 1.06 to 1.19 µm (µm) for low power and from 2.33 to 2.46 µm for high power; (2) the nicotine concentrations of aerosol droplets were approximately 11 mg per milliliter (mg/mL) for low power and 17 mg/mL for high power; and (3) the aerosol droplet particle phase of the total nicotine mass emitted by EC was 60% for low power and 95% for high power. The results indicate that varying the correlated factors (1) the power level and (2) the design of atomizer (including the type of coil and the value of resistance used) affects the particle-size distribution and the airborne nicotine portioning between the particle phase and the gas phase in equilibrium with the airborne droplets.

A procedure for the design of protective filters

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L. Sivakumar Babu ◽  
Amit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Seepage Velocity ◽  
Base Soil ◽  
Insight Into

Current procedures for the design of filters to protect the soil from erosion and piping are solely based on particle-size distribution (PSD) curves of the filter medium and base soil. In the present work, an analytical solution is presented in a single derivation for the design of the filter, which takes into account factors like pore size, permeability, and factor of safety against soil boiling conditions. The solution obtained from the proposed analytical procedure provides insight into the role of seepage velocity, relative density of the filter material, and the ratio of filter density to base soil density on the performance of the filter.Key words: filter, erosion, particle-size distribution, permeability, seepage velocity, relative density.

Phase-resolved particle size distribution: New insight into material characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Andrea Testino ◽  
Mattia Alberto Lucchini ◽  
Antonio Cervellino ◽  
Christian Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Insight Into
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