scholarly journals Diversity and Bionomics of Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of an Endemic Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Zagora Province, Southeast of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zalalham Al-Koleeby ◽  
Ahmed El Aboudi ◽  
Souhail Aboulfadl ◽  
Chafika Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
June July ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Transmission Foci

The diversity and seasonality for sandflies were studied in 2019 at a focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Zagora province, southern Morocco. Standardized sampling with CDC light traps was used. A total of 4504 sandflies (4024 Phlebotomus and 480 Sergentomyia) was collected during the study period. Seven species belonging to genus Phlebotomus and six species of genus Sergentomyia were identified. The most abundant species were Ph. papatasi (33.6%) and Ph. longicuspis (25.7%), highlighting the risk for local disease transmission foci. The seasonal activity of sandflies extended from April to November, showing two peaks, one in June-July and one, less important, in late-September-October. Abundance was highest during the months May, June, and July and lowest in August, September, and October. Results of this study provide important baseline data for planning control interventions.

Circadian flight activity of Arabian sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) using a vehicle-mounted net

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Two Peaks

AbstractA vehicle-mounted net was used on 15 nights during June 1990 and 1991 in northern Oman to collect sandflies in order to identify potential vectors of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. A total of 2216 sandflies was collected comprising four species of Phlebotomus and three of Sergentomyia. Catches were made every 30 minutes between 17.00 h (2 hours before sunset) and 07.00 h (1.5 hours after sunrise). Very few flies were caught before sunset. Most flies were caught at light intensities < 0.1 lux (between 20.00 and 0.500 h), but some flight activity, particularly of males and unfed females, continued even up to 07.00 h (50,000 lux, 1.25 hours after sunrise). Females of the two most abundant species, Phlebotomus alexandri Sinton and Sergentomyia clydei Sinton were significantly more active during the first half of the night (19.00-01.00 h), but males were not. Males of S. clydei showed no clear activity pattern, while males of P. alexandri had two peaks with a decline in activity around 01.00 h. Sergentomyia tiberiadis Adler & Theodor and S. fallax Parrot similarly showed different activity patterns for the two sexes. The circadian activity of females of P. alexandri and S. clydei changed during their gonotrophic cycles. Thus unfed and gravid P. alexandri had two activity peaks during the night, but the blood-fed females were most active during the first half of the night. S. clydei activity was similar, except that the gravid flies, like the blood-fed, had an early peak of activity. Too few parous females were collected to show any clear difference in activity from the nullipars.

Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774
Author(s):  
Aioub Sofizadeh ◽  
Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽  
Fatemeh Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

scholarly journals Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Patricia Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Débora Elienai de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra Santos ◽  
Neurisvan Ramos Guerra ◽  
Silvia Rafaelli Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Northeastern Coast

Abstract Phlebotomines have worldwide distribution with many species present in Brazil, including the northeastern region, where the fauna is very diverse. The aim of this study was to identify the sandfly fauna in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the state of Pernambuco. Sandflies were caught on three consecutive nights every month from October 2015 to September 2016, from 5 pm to 5 am, using seven light traps of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) type. Females were identified and used for molecular Leishmania detection. A total of 2,174 specimens belonging to ten species were collected: Lutzomyia choti (88.2%; 1,917/2,174) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia whitmani (8.1%; 176/2,174) and Lutzomyia sordellii (1.5%; 33/2,174). The majority of the specimens were collected in peridomestic areas (64.1%; 1,394/2,174) and during the rainy period. All the samples examined were negative for Leishmania spp. The presence of Lutzomyia whitmani indoors and in peridomestic areas indicates that the inhabitants of this area are exposed to the risk of infection by the parasites responsible for ACL.

Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Saeidi ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Amir Ahmad Akhavan ◽  
Mohamad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi ◽  
Yavar Rassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Seasonal activity and temporal separation of four species of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) infesting Richardson's ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsonii (Rodentia: Sciuridae), in Manitoba, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Robbin Lindsay ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Flea Species ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Two Peaks

Fleas were collected from Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) livetrapped in two areas in southern Manitoba. Our objectives were to describe the seasonal activity of the fleas and determine whether peaks in mean infestation parameters for different species of fleas occurred at different times of the year. We also wanted to determine if the seasonal activity of Opisocrostis bruneri was different in the presence of other fleas on the same hosts. Activity of Richardson's ground squirrels at both locations was similar to that observed in previous studies in Canada. Opisocrostis bruneri, Oropsylla rupestris, Neopsylla inopina, and Rhadinopsylla fraterna infested ground squirrels near Darlingford, whereas only O. bruneri occurred at two Winnipeg sites. Females of all species outnumbered males during most weekly collection periods. Mean intensity of N. inopina was highest during April, when prevalence of infestation often exceeded 50%. Prevalence of R. fraterna seldom exceeded 10%; there were peaks of infestation on adult squirrels during early April and on juveniles from mid-August to the end of the season. Oropsylla rupestris was the most abundant species on squirrels at Darlingford, and peaks of prevalence and intensity of infestation occurred during April, July, and September. There were two peaks of infestation for O. bruneri, on adult squirrels in May and on juveniles during August. Patterns of activity of O. bruneri were the same for Darlingford and Winnipeg, despite the occurrence of three additional flea species on ground squirrels at Darlingford.

Relationships Between Climate Parameters and the Density of Phlebotomus papatasi, the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Ahmed Karmaoui ◽  
Siham Zerouali
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Average Correlation ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

This chapter presents an analysis of the seasonal activity of the Phlebotomus papatasi (leishmaniasis vector) through a correlation between its monthly activity and the monthly meteorological parameters. Three sites from three leishmaniasis endemic countries were used Morocco, Iran, and Greece. The high density of P. papatasi was observed in May in Greece, in July in Morocco and September in Iran. Before May and after September, an important decrease of P. papatasi activity was observed with a decline of maximum and minimum temperatures and an increase of precipitations. Secondly, strong associations between P. papatasi density and minimum and maximum temperatures were explored, third, no significant association have been detected between P. papatasi abundance and precipitations in the three sites. There is an average correlation between relative humidity and P. papatasi density for Isfahan and Creater Athens. Basically, P. papatasi is sensitive to low temperatures and high relative humidity, which makes these two variables better indicators for the possible emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Phyllophaga and Related Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Collected in Black-light Traps in Alabama Pastures

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy L. Flanders ◽  
Zandra D. DeLamar ◽  
Paul K. Lago
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
African Species ◽  
Black Light ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
June July ◽  
Onthophagus Gazella

This study reports the occurrence of the adults of Phyllophaga spp. and other major scarab species in three different geographic regions of Alabama. Thirty-three species of Phyllophaga were found during the trapping study. Five species accounted for 97% of the specimens of Phyllophaga trapped in Marion Junction: P. crinita (Burmeister), P. forbesi (Glasgow), P. hirtiventris (Horn), P. mississippiensis Davis, and P. perlonga Davis. Two species accounted for 55% of the specimens trapped in Camp Hill: P. micans (Knoch) and P. hirticula (Knoch). At Winfield, P. crenulata (Froelich), P. ephilida (Say), P. latifrons LeConte, P. micans, and P. quercus (Knoch) were the most abundant species, making up 49% of the specimens. Of these 11 most abundant species, 5 species were collected in spring (March, April and/or May): P. crenulata, P. hirticula, P. micans, P. mississippiensis, and P. perlonga. Phyllophaga hirtiventris adults were collected in late May–June. Adults of P. crinita were collected in June and early July, and were abundant in each year, suggesting that the species has an annual life cycle in Alabama. Phyllophaga ephilida, P. forbesi, P. forbesi, P. latifrons and P. quercus adults were collected in mid-summer (June, July and/or August). Six species of Phyllophaga found during this study have not been previously reported from Alabama: P. bipartita Horn, P. congrua (LeConte), P. hirtiventris, P. mississippiensis, P. praetermissa (Horn), and P. soror Davis. Cyclocephala lurida Bland, Dyscinetus morator (F.), Euetheola humilis rugiceps (LeConte), and Ligyrus gibbosus gibbosus (DeGeer), other potential pests of grasses, were abundant in the black-light traps. The dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella F., an African species that was purposely introduced into the United States, was abundant at all three sites.

scholarly journals Reemergence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus, northeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. e00206
Author(s):  
Hasan Jalali ◽  
Ahmad Ali Enayati ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
Farzad Motevalli-Haghi ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani Charati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
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