scholarly journals Immediate Effect of Restricted Knee Extension on Ground Reaction Force and Trunk Acceleration during Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Osaka ◽  
Daisuke Fujita ◽  
Kenichi Kobara ◽  
Tadanobu Suehiro
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trunk Acceleration

Gait parameters calculated from trunk acceleration reflect the features of gait; however, they cannot evaluate the gait pattern corresponding to the gait cycle. This study is aimed at investigating the differences in gait parameters calculated from trunk acceleration during gait corresponding to the gait cycle in healthy subjects with restricted knee extension. Participants included eight healthy volunteers who walked normally (NW) and with knee orthosis that restricted knee extension (ER). The ground reaction force (GRF), joint angles, and trunk acceleration during walking were measured using four force plates, a three-dimensional motion analysis system, and an inertial measurement unit. The peak GRF of the vertical components, joint ranges of motion, and moments of force were analyzed. The root mean square (RMS) and amplitude peak ratio (AR) of autocorrelation function were calculated from the trunk acceleration waveform. The first peak GRF and peak ankle dorsiflexion angles significantly increased during ER. The peak hip extension, knee flexion, knee extension angles, and the peak moment of knee extension significantly decreased during ER compared to that during NW. The acceleration AR significantly decreased during ER compared to that during NW. There was no significant difference in the RMS between the two conditions. The acceleration AR may show the temporal postural structure with restricted knee extension from the terminal stance phase for the ipsilateral limb to the initial stance phase for the contralateral limb. These results suggest that novel metrics for accelerometry gait analysis can reveal gait abnormalities, with restricted knee extension corresponding to the gait cycle.

Lower Extremity Mechanics During Marching at Three Different Cadences for 60 Minutes

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Seay ◽  
Peter N. Frykman ◽  
Shane G. Sauer ◽  
David J. Gutekunst
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Step Rate

During group marches, soldiers must walk in step with one another at the same imposed cadence. The literature suggests that shorter trainees may be more susceptible to injury due to overstriding that can occur when taller recruits dictate marching cadence. This study assessed the effects of fixed cadence simulated marching at cadences above and below preferred step rate (PSR) on lower extremity joint mechanics in individuals who were unaccustomed to marching. During three separate visits, 13 volunteers walked with a 20 kg load on a force-sensing treadmill at self-selected PSR, PSR+15% (shorter strides), and PSR–15% (longer strides) at 1.3 m/s for 60 min. Two-way RM ANOVAs (cadence by time) were performed during the stance phase. Ranges of motion and anteroposterior ground reaction force increased significantly as cadence decreased (P< .03). Knee extension moment increased slightly when step rate decreased from PSR+15% (shortest strides, 0.85 ± 0.2 N m/kg) to PSR (0.87 ± 0.3 N m/kg, 3% increase); however, this increase was substantially greater (20% increase) when cadence was decreased from PSR to PSR–15% (longest strides, 1.09 ± 0.3 N m/kg). Our results indicate that overstriding during fixed-cadence marching is a factor that can substantially increase mechanical stress on lower extremity joints.

scholarly journals Computed dynography, a method for evaluation of gait pattern in treated cases of congenital talipes equino varus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Akshay Jain ◽  
Adhir Jain ◽  
Ravi Kant Jain ◽  
Prateek Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Congenital Talipes ◽  
And Gender

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Club foot is characterized by inversion, adduction and equinus. Currently, evaluation of children treated for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) includes clinical and radiological examination as well as assessment of function. However, none of the methods is ideal. There should<strong> </strong>be objective methods for better evaluation of function in treated CTEV. Gait analysis is the emerging method in objectively assessing the functional outcome. The aim of the study was to compare the selected measures from vertical ground reaction force variables and gait parameters of treated CTEV children with plantigrade feet, to healthy age and gender matched control group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We took 31 children with treated CTEV with mean age 8.21 years<strong> </strong>and compared with 31 age and gender matched controls. The patients were initially treated under a standard protocol. Gait cycle properties, step time parameters and vertical ground reaction force variables were recorded and comparison of unilateral and bilateral cases of treated CTEV was done with that of controls.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Data showed that despite good clinical results and overall function, residual intoeing, lateral foot walking, mild foot drop, weak plantar flexor power, possible residual inversion deformity of the foot, increased frequency and decreased duration of cycle and asymmetry in gait were the main characteristics of gait of children with treated CTEV. In unilateral cases single and double support times were decreased and in bilateral CTEV double support times are increased.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study confirms that in clubfoot patients who underwent full treatment, gait parameters do not reach normal levels. Gait analysis can be used to quantify gait pattern characteristics and is helpful in evaluation and further development of treatment of patients.</p>

scholarly journals The Design of a Shoe for the Analysis of Ambulation Pattern for Diverse Age-Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Mehwish Faiz ◽  
Choudhary S. Shakeel ◽  
Munira M. Zariwala ◽  
Umer Hassan ◽  
Fatema Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Ambulation is one of the important activities of daily life aided by musculoskeletal system. However, with ageing due to muscle weakness and decreased range of motion of joints, different walking abnormalities may occur. These abnormalities may result in deviation of the spatio-temporal gait parameters. Mostly, alteration in pattern of locomotion has been observed with the increase in the age of an individual. This variation in the ambulation pattern and subsequent decrease in the gait parameters pertains to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis as well as various postural abnormalities. Hence, wearable technologies can aid individuals to monitor their gait parameters efficiently and alert them in case there is a significant decrease. This paper describes the design of an Arduino based monitoring system which analyzes the two significant gait parameters: step length and ground reaction force (GRF). A diverse age cohort consisting of 70 healthy individuals with ages in the range of 18 years to 80 years were recruited for this study. The shoe prototype measures the step length and ground reaction force (GRF). This is accomplished by making use of sensors including a Force Sensitive Resistive sensor (FSR) and an Ultrasonic sensor. The FSR sensor exhibits the ground reaction force that the ground exerts on a body that comes in contact with it; whereas, the ultrasonic sensor measures the step length which pertains to the distance between the initial contact of one foot and the point of initial contact of the other foot. The results of the study show that with age there is a significant decrease in the ambulation parameters. Young participants were observed to exhibit higher values of step length and ground reaction force (GRF) as compared to older participants who exhibit significant decrease in the parameter values. The results also show that there is a significant difference between the age of the individuals and the step length and ground reaction force values. The decrease in the gait parameters with increasing age permits this shoe prototype to be used for clinical settings in the future and be able to analyze the onset of any musculoskeletal disorder.

scholarly journals Vertical ground reaction force shape is associated with gait parameters, timed up and go, and functional reach in elderly females

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Takahashi ◽  
Kenji Ishida ◽  
Daisuke Hirose ◽  
Yasunori Nagano ◽  
Kiyoto Okumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Vertical Ground

Effect of Hopping Frequency on Bilateral Differences in Leg Stiffness

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Koh Inoue ◽  
Kazuyuki Kanosue
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilateral Differences

Understanding the degree of leg stiffness during human movement would provide important information that may be used for injury prevention. In the current study, we investigated bilateral differences in leg stiffness during one-legged hopping. Ten male participants performed one-legged hopping in place, matching metronome beats at 1.5, 2.2, and 3.0 Hz. Based on a spring-mass model, we calculated leg stiffness, which is defined as the ratio of maximal ground reaction force to maximum center of mass displacement at the middle of the stance phase, measured from vertical ground reaction force. In all hopping frequency settings, there was no significant difference in leg stiffness between legs. Although not statistically significant, asymmetry was the greatest at 1.5 Hz, followed by 2.2 and 3.0 Hz for all dependent variables. Furthermore, the number of subjects with an asymmetry greater than the 10% criterion was larger at 1.5 Hz than those at 2.2 and 3.0 Hz. These results will assist in the formulation of treatment-specific training regimes and rehabilitation programs for lower extremity injuries.

scholarly journals Rhythmic neural activity is comodulated with short-term gait modifications during first-time use of a dummy prosthesis: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera G. M. Kooiman ◽  
Helco G. van Keeken ◽  
Natasha M. Maurits ◽  
Vivian Weerdesteyn ◽  
Teodoro Solis-Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gamma Rhythms ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background After transfemoral amputation, many hours of practice are needed to re-learn walking with a prosthesis. The long adaptation process that consolidates a novel gait pattern seems to depend on cerebellar function for reinforcement of specific gait modifications, but the precise, step-by-step gait modifications (e.g., foot placement) most likely rely on top-down commands from the brainstem and cerebral cortex. The aim of this study was to identify, in able-bodied individuals, the specific modulations of cortical rhythms that accompany short-term gait modifications during first-time use of a dummy prosthesis. Methods Fourteen naïve participants walked on a treadmill without (one block, 4 min) and with a dummy prosthesis (three blocks, 3 × 4 min), while ground reaction forces and 32-channel EEG were recorded. Gait cycle duration, stance phase duration, step width, maximal ground reaction force and, ground reaction force trace over time were measured to identify gait modifications. Independent component analysis of EEG data isolated brain-related activity from distinct anatomical sources. The source-level data were segmented into gait cycles and analyzed in the time–frequency domain to reveal relative enhancement or suppression of intrinsic cortical oscillations. Differences between walking conditions were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc testing (α = 0.05). Results Immediate modifications occurred in the gait parameters when participants were introduced to the dummy prosthesis. Except for gait cycle duration, these modifications remained throughout the duration of the experimental session. Power modulations of the theta, mu, beta, and gamma rhythms, of sources presumably from the fronto-central and the parietal cortices, were found across the experimental session. Significant power modulations of the theta, beta, and gamma rhythms within the gait cycle were predominately found around the heel strike of both feet and the swing phase of the right (prosthetic) leg. Conclusions The modulations of cortical activity could be related to whole-body coordination, including the swing phase and placing of the prosthesis, and the bodyweight transfer between legs and arms. Reduced power modulation of the gamma rhythm within the experimental session may indicate initial motor memories being formed. Better understanding of the sensorimotor processes behind gait modifications may inform the development of neurofeedback strategies to assist gait rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Gait kinematics of the hip, pelvis, and trunk associated with external hip adduction moment in patients with secondary hip osteoarthritis: toward determination of the key point in gait modification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshige Tateuchi ◽  
Haruhiko Akiyama ◽  
Koji Goto ◽  
Kazutaka So ◽  
Yutaka Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Gait Modification

Abstract Background A larger daily cumulative hip loading, which is the product of the external hip adduction moment (HAM) impulse during gait and the number of steps per day has been identified as a factor associated with the progression of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). The cause of the increased HAM impulse in patients with hip OA has not been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the gait parameters associated with HAM impulse during gait in patients with secondary hip OA. Methods Fifty-five patients (age 22–65 years) with mild-to-moderate secondary hip OA participated in this cross-sectional study. The HAM impulse during gait was measured using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. To identify the gait parameters associated with HAM impulse, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. The first model (basic model) included body weight and stance phase duration. The second models included gait parameters (gait speed; ground reaction force [GRF] in frontal plane; and hip, pelvic, and trunk angle in frontal plane) and hip pain in addition to the basic model. Results Body weight and stance phase duration explained 61% of the variance in HAM impulse. In the second model, which took into account body weight and stance phase duration, hip adduction angle (9.4%), pelvic tilt (6.5%), and trunk lean (3.2%) in addition to GRF explained the variance in the HAM impulse. Whereas larger hip adduction angle and pelvic tilt toward the swing limb were associated with a larger HAM impulse, larger trunk lean toward the stance limb was associated with smaller HAM impulse. Conclusion In patients with excessive hip adduction and pelvic tilt toward the swing limb during gait, gait modification may contribute to the reduction of hip joint loading.

scholarly journals The Kinematics and Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity in the Landing Phase of a Stop-jump Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yin ◽  
D Sun ◽  
Q.C Mei ◽  
Y.D Gu ◽  
J.S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Large number of studies showed that landing with great impact forces may be a risk factor for knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the different landing loads to lower extremity of both genders and examine the relationships among selected lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the landing of a stop-jump task. A total of 35 male and 35 female healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Each subject executed five experiment actions. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were synchronously acquired. The comparison of lower extremity kinematics for different genders showed significant difference. The knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment have significantly decreased during the landing of the stop-jump task among the female subjects. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase showed significant correlation with peak ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.927, p<0.001). The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase had significant correlation with peak ground reaction force and vertical ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.908, p<0.001; r=0.812, P=0.002). A large hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground did not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, but active hip and knee flexion motions did. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing was an important technical factor that affects anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the landing of the stop-jump task.

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