scholarly journals Multilevel and Spatially Heterogeneous Factors Influencing Poor Households’ Income in a Frontier Minority Area in Northeast China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Binyan Wang ◽  
Mark W. Rosenberg ◽  
Shijun Wang ◽  
Peifeng Yang ◽  
Junfeng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Environmental Level ◽  
Minority Area

Increasing the income of poor rural households is essential for the realization of China’s goal of sustainable development, which entails inclusive and equitable development and reducing the developmental gap between urban and rural areas. We conducted a case study of Wangqing County, a frontier minority area in Northeast China to examine spatial patterns and income differentials among poor rural households in this area. We quantified existing associations between household-level and environmental-level characteristics and income by applying hierarchical linear models. We subsequently applied Geographically Weighted Regression to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the environmental-level variables and develop an understanding of the interaction mechanism of influencing factors. The results revealed that the distribution of villages, where income levels were similar, showed significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. Our findings also provide empirical evidence that household- and village-level characteristics together determine the income of poor households, but that household-level characteristics determine destitution to a greater extent than environmental characteristics. More specifically, the sex, health condition, and labor capacity of the household head, household size, the dependency ratio, social welfare, and off-farm work are significantly associated with household income. At the environmental level, arable land, the distance to the county center, and the average altitude had spatially heterogeneous impacts that varied in direction and intensity. This systematic study provides a more comprehensive and integrated understanding of the factors influencing the income of poor households in a frontier minority area in Northeast China.

scholarly journals Household level determinants of food insecurity in rural areas of Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 1914-1926
Author(s):  
Ayalneh Bogale ◽  
◽  
Shimelis A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Dire Dawa

Even though the struggle to achieve food security at the household level in the rural areas of Ethiopia dates back a long period, it has remained as a challenging goal even today. Making their living on marginal, moisture stressed, heavily degraded and less productive land, households in rural areas of Dire Dawa face persistent food shortages. The design and implementation of effective measures to reduce household food insecurity in the region depends on in-depth understanding of its covariates. This study seeks to address these issues by assessing location specific socio-economic factors that influence food insecurity of households in rural areas of Dire Dawa Administrative region. The analysis is based on survey data gathered from randomly selected 115 sample rural households in the study area. A binary logit model was used to identify the factors influencing household level food insecurity. A total of thirteen explanatory variables were included in the empirical model. The empirical results estimated using the survey data to identify the determinants of food insecurity among rural households in the study area revealed mixed impressions. Among variables considered , family size, annual income, amount of credit received, access to irrigation, age of household head, farm size, and livestock owned showed theoretically consistent and statistically significant effect. However, estimated coefficients of number of oxen owned and dependency ratio showed theoretically inconsistent and statistically insignificant effect on the probability of household to be food insecure.. Estimated coefficients of sex of household head, total off-farm income, education of household head and amount of food aid received were not found to be statistically significant in determining household food insecurity in the study area. The findings imply that improvement in food security situation needs to build assets, improve the functioning of rural financial markets and promote family planning. These areas could provide entry points for policy intervention to reduce hunger and augment household and community livelihood opportunities.

scholarly journals Solar Microgrids in Rural India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-93
Author(s):  
Debalina Chakravarty ◽  
Joyashree Roy
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Western India ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Village

This study evaluates the benefits that rural households in India derive from dedicated solar microgrid service systems. A case study was conducted in Lakshmipura-Jharla, Rajasthan, a village in western India with significant potential for producing solar energy. In 2013, a private investor set up a solar microgrid in the village and distributed energy-efficient appliances. Its goal was to give poor households access to modern energy services. The study data were collected through a survey conducted among randomly selected households in the village. The survey found that such an electricity provision service had multidimensional benefits: flexible use of the energy service, more effective time allocation among women, more study time for students, improved indoor air quality, and safer public places. Given the initial unmet demand for modern energy in the village, technological interventions supported by policy has helped to expand consumption possibilities and new demand for services has emerged. The household-level frontier rebound effect is estimated to be more than 100%, reflecting a one-and-a-half times increase in the demand for illumination services among rural households. Frontier rebound effect estimates help quantify the benefits of solar microgrids and energy-efficient appliances for households in rural areas...

scholarly journals Poverty Status and Factors Affecting Household Poverty in Southern Punjab: An Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Level ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Physical Assets

The strategies expected to mitigate poverty tend to identify factors that are closely related to poverty and that could have influenced the policy implications. A household level data was collected to examine the poverty status and factors affecting poverty in Southern Punjab. A logistic regression technique was employed for the present analyses. The findings show that age and education of the household head, own house, spouse participation, remittances, number of earners in the household and physical assets reduces the probability of being poor in Southern Punjab. However, large household size, occupation in the primary sector, high dependency ratio and mental disability are associated with an increased probability of being poor in Southern Punjab. Government should adopt effective policy measures to generate employment and encourage the attainment of education for the poor households for the mitigation of poverty in this region.

How effective are coping mechanisms in securing livelihoods against climatic aberrations?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unmesh Patnaik ◽  
K Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the consumption behaviour and effectiveness of coping mechanisms adopted by households living in disaster-prone regions of rural India to cope with climatic aberrations and extremes using household-level data. In developing countries like India, poor households living in rural regions face risks to their livelihood due to climatic aberrations like deficient monsoon spells and rainfall gaps. Although these risks are covariate, the impact depends on location and the relative capacity of the people to cope with them. Design/methodology/approach – Using household-level data, this paper attempts to examine the consumption behaviour and effectiveness of coping mechanisms adopted by households living in these areas to hedge against the risks. A tobit and a multivariate probit model is used in the process. Findings – Based on the empirical analysis, and subject to the assumptions and the usual limitations of data, the findings suggest that households resort to consumption smoothening by liquidating their assets or decreasing consumption. Originality/value – They adopt a wide variety of ex-post risk-coping measures with limited success to overcome the shocks to their livelihood. Household-specific characteristics like age and education level of the household head are important in the choice of a particular coping option along with other key variables.

scholarly journals Income Diversification and Economic Welfare of Rural Households in the Volta Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Kwabena Asomanin Anaman ◽  
Kinsley Delanyo Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
Using Data

We established the factors influencing income diversification, and the linkage between income diversification and economic welfare of rural households, in the Volta Region of Ghana, using data from 894 randomly-selected households, obtained through the latest round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey undertaken by the Ghana Statistical Service from October 2016 to October 2017. The overall household income diversification, measured by the Simpson Index was positively influenced by the age of the household head, remittances received by the household, and the size of the household. Using another measure of diversification, the number of income-based activities (NIBA), we established that the age of the household head influenced NIBA in a cubic fashion, similar to an S-shaped curve. Income diversification declined at very young ages from 17 to 31 years; it then increased from 31 years to 74 years before declining during the household head’s advanced age and retirement period. The positive drivers of NIBA included moderate levels of formal educational attainment, remittance, household size and electricity connection. We showed that income diversification influenced economic welfare only when used at moderate to high levels.

scholarly journals Transformation of labor participation on off-farm diversification: insights from rural households in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
D N Asih
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Income Sources

Abstract This study analyses the rural transformation and the determinants of off-farm work diversification in Indonesia. Based on employment growth, the study explores the transformation of the labour sector to off-farm work as an alternative income source in mitigating the decreasing carrying capacity of the agricultural sector. Using a panel data set from rural households in Central Sulawesi, the study applied a random logit model to account for the determinants of off-farm participation and economic mobility over time. The results show that crop failure is a key driver of off-farm work diversification which is further compounded by several factors including asset holdings, the age and education level of the household head by 51.1%, 21.77%, 1.59% and 18.59% respectively. These results confirm that ‘these push’ factors are motivating the rural household on off-farm labour allocation, which indicate the implications of economic transformation through the diversification of income sources and labour allocation away from agriculture subsystems in rural areas in Indonesia.

DETERMINANTS OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION DECISION FOR OFF-FARM WORK OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN KONTUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đào Thị Ly Sa
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract:  Kon Tum, a mountainous northernmost border province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, is one of the poorest provinces in Vietnam. Many studies recently identified that the diversification of incomes is a critical livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries. Thus, this study analyzes the factors influencing income diversification decision for off-farm work of rural households. The binary logit model will be employed to investigate the determinants of income diversification decision of rural households for off-farm work. Through 200 households selected using multi-stage sampling technique, this study showed that participation in off-farm employment was influenced by gender, age, education of household head, family size, number of children attending school, farm size, access to credit, and access to tarred roads. The findings suggested that it is important to support both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors to succeed in terms of poverty reduction and food security.Keywords: income diversification, off-farm work, rural household, poverty,  Kon Tum

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Satisfaction of Economic Condition in Rural Households

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Joo-Young Park ◽  
◽  
Yoon-Ji Choi ◽  
Hyo-Yeon Shin ◽  
Dong-Ho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Influence of Straw Burning on Urban Air Pollutant Concentrations in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zhao ◽  
Jiawen Xu ◽  
Mingrui Jia ◽  
Han Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Straw Burning ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Northeast China is China’s primary grain production base. A large amount of crop straw is incinerated every spring and autumn, which greatly impacts air quality. To study the degree of influence of straw burning on urban pollutant concentrations, this study used The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Terra Thermal Anomalies & Fire Daily L3 Global 1 km V006 (MOD14A1) and The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Aqua Thermal Anomalies and Fire Daily L3 Global 1 km V006 (MYD14A1) data from 2015 to 2017 to extract fire spot data on arable land burning and to study the spatial distribution characteristics of straw burning on urban pollutant concentrations, temporal variation characteristics and impact thresholds. The results show that straw burning in Northeast China is concentrated in spring and autumn; the seasonal spatial distributions of PM2.5, PM10 andAir Quality Index (AQI) in 41 cities or regions in Northeast China correspond to the seasonal variation of fire spots; and pollutants appear in the peak periods of fire spots. In areas where the concentration coefficient of rice or corn is greater than 1, the number of fire spots has a strong correlation with the urban pollution index. The correlation coefficient R between the number of burned fire spots and the pollutant concentration has a certain relationship with the urban distribution. Cities are aggregated in geospatial space with different R values.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Choice of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Households: A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phindile Shongwe ◽  
Micah B. Masuku ◽  
Absalom M. Manyatsi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Factors Influencing

The increased involvement of food relief agencies nearly on an annual basis is a clear indication that agricultural production continues to decline as a result of climate change. In order to mitigate the negative effect of climate change, households engage on adaptation strategies. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends mostly on the level of adaptation in response to climate change. The main objectives of the study were to identify the adaptation strategies employed by households and to analyse factors influencing the choice of adaptation strategies by households using personal interviews. The study used data from a random sample of 350 households. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The results showed that adaptation strategies employed were; drought tolerant varieties, switching crops, irrigation, crop rotation, mulching, minimum tillage, early planting, late planting and intercropping. The results showed that the choice of adaptation strategies by households was significantly (p <0.05) influenced by; age of household head, occupation of household head, being a member of a social group, land category, access to credit, access to extension services and training, high incidences of crop pest and disease, high input prices, high food prices, perceptions of households towards climate change. Moreover, the analysis showed that perceptions of households towards climate change significantly influence all adaptation strategies. However, sex and education level of the household head were insignificant in influencing household choice when adapting to climate change. It is recommended that there is need to educate households about the negative impact of climate change on cropping systems. The study also recommends that agriculture extension services should be strengthened, agriculture financial institutions should accommodate subsistence farmers on communal land and rural micro-finance institutions should be developed, in order to facilitate farmers to choose effective adaptation strategies. 

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