scholarly journals An Analysis of the Influencing Factors in the Establishment of the Overseas Agricultural Cooperation Zones under the Belt and Road Initiative Based on Logit Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Huiqing Zheng ◽  
Peifen Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Belt And Road

A total of 57 overseas agricultural cooperation zones have been selected from 68 countries along the Belt and Road and extended areas from 2006 to 2018 as samples, and the corresponding indexes of bilateral trade in agricultural products, agricultural resource endowments, labor resources, infrastructure, and economic freedom have been chosen for parameter estimation based on the maximum likelihood method under the Logit model for an empirical analysis of the main influencing factors in the establishment of the overseas agricultural cooperation zones. The empirical analysis results indicate that the total import and export trade volume of agricultural products, agricultural land area, and labor resources of the host country have a significant promoting effect on the establishment of overseas agricultural cooperation zones. The economic freedom index has a significant negative impact on the establishment of overseas agricultural cooperation zones, while the port throughput has no significant impact. China should consider several main factors when selecting a host country to establish overseas agricultural cooperation zones, including bilateral trade volume of agricultural products, agricultural resource endowments, labor resources, and economic freedom of the host country, which can provide reference for the spatial layout of the overseas agricultural cooperation zones.

scholarly journals A study on China’s Agricultural Products Exports to Kazakhstan Based on CMS Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03043
Author(s):  
Huiqing Sun ◽  
Qingrou Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

This article applies the modified CMS model and selects the data about exports of China’s agricultural products to Kazakhstan from 1998 to 2019 according to SITC (Rev.3) so as to make an empirical analysis of the factors influencing the growth of China’s agricultural products exports to Kazakhstan based on both the overall and classification perspectives. The results show that the structural change effects promoted the growth of China’s agricultural products exports to Kazakhstan before the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed, followed by the inhibiting effect. The competitiveness effect is inhibitory, and then it is promoting. The interaction effects before and after the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed are both inhibitory.

scholarly journals Trade and Infrastructure in the Belt and Road Initiative: A Gravity Analysis Based on Revealed Trade Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Cristina Di Stefano ◽  
P. Lelio Iapadre ◽  
Ilaria Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
The Belt And Road

This paper aims at investigating whether and how the intensity of trade between a pair of countries changes when they experience improvements in their infrastructural systems. We carry out our analysis considering countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a project specifically designed to promote infrastructural connectivity and therefore boost trade among the countries involved. Our empirical strategy relies on a particular specification of the gravity model, in which the dependent variable consists in an index of revealed trade preferences, calculated by comparing the actual value of trade flows between two countries with their expected value, proportional to the two countries’ total trade. Such methodology allows us to estimate bilateral trade intensity without resorting to the traditional “size” variables of the gravity model, taking the entire network of multilateral trade into account. We then study the possible impact of an improvement in infrastructure on a ‘gravity-adjusted’ measure of trade preferences, given by the residuals of our first estimations. Our results indicate that bilateral preferences among BRI countries will intensify inasmuch as they succeed in coordinating their infrastructural projects.

Time-space evolution of the goods export network of the Belt and Road countries: The view of weighted complex network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Weixian Xue ◽  
Lisong He ◽  
Xue Yan
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Weighted Complex Network ◽  
The Belt And Road

The weighted complex network is utilized to analyze the evolution of the overall structural features of the goods export network and the role transitions of each country in the network. The research suggests: 1. The network of exports of the Belt and Road countries has transformed from multi-core pattern into one extreme along with multi-core pattern; 2. China, South Korea, Russia, Singapore and Italy are the highest-ranking countries in the network. Among these countries, the influence of China is on the rise, South Korea South Korea’s influence remains basically unchanged., however, Russia, Singapore and Italy are on the decline; 3. The leading edge of Asia-Pacific block in the network has been enhanced year by year. Not only has the trade volume within the block increased to 50% of the whole network, but the trade export to other three blocks has significant increasement. The total volume of trade in European block increased greatly and its block mode has transformed from external to universal. The trade volume of the former Soviet Union block along with the West Asia-Africa block increased significantly as well, but there is still a large gap compared with the European block and Asia-Pacific block.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE-KAZAKHSTAN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF "ONE BELT, ONE WAY": FEATURES, FORMS OF COOPERATION AND PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haohe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

The "Оne Вelt, Оne Road" policy has brоught ecоnоmic and trаde relаtiоns between Chinа аnd Kаzаkhstаn closer in the field of agricultural products, adding new opportunities for development, and the volume of tradе has bеcomе stаblе and grоwing. Bilateral trade between China and Kazakhstan has shown new positive dynamics, where a unified trade structure is also noted. There are great development prospеcts in the field of agricultural products of the two countries. In this regard, the author points to a mega-project called the Belt and Road Initiative, which focuses on the current situation and characteristics of Sino-Kazakh agricultural trade. The article indicates some problems in the bilateral cooperation of the two states. Among these problems, the most important are noted. For example, the author notes that the situation with a large number of trade barriers prevents more Chinese and Kazakh enterprises from entering the market. As a starting point based on an analysis of the obstacles facing the development of bilateral agricultural trade, countermeasures should be taken to further deepen bilateral cooperation in agricultural trade. A set of proposals to mitigate the problems of economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China are offered in the conclusion of the article. Key words: trade and economic cooperation, agrarian complex, dynamics of agricultural production growth, trade volume, trade turnover, trade barriers, RK, PRC.

scholarly journals China Belt and Road Initiative:

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
WILLIAM DZEKASHU
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The West ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
The Us ◽  
Belt And Road

Most of Sub-Sahara Africa gained independence from Europe in a wave from 1957 through the late 1980s with the notion that her former colonial masters would be development partners in the newfound era of political, social, and economic freedom. This perception of partnership is evidenced in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, but regrettably, in other countries in the continent, there have been delays in infrastructure development. With Europe’s failure to meet the expectation, Africa has turned to China as a development partner. China has tackled some of the urgent infrastructure needs in return for agricultural products and natural resources. This recent partnership with China continues to expand in Africa, demonstrated by the launching of the Belt and Roads Initiative (BRI). East and Southern Africa represent the highest beneficiaries of the BRI engagements, receiving over half of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from China whose foreign investment practices in Africa have come under great criticism from the West. This skepticism is due to the vague nature of the engagements and notes which are not publicly reported. This persistent suspicion by the West calls for close monitoring of the relations between the US and China that could easily escalate to a conflict between both nations. Though under attack, BRI has scored great instances of success through the execution of major infrastructure and commercial projects in partner nations. An issue of focus addressed here is whether the engagements with China represent sustainable relationships for development.

Virtual water trade of agricultural products: A new perspective to explore the Belt and Road

2018 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 988-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jin-He Zhang ◽  
Qing Tian ◽  
Ze-Hua Liu ◽  
Hong-Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Water ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Belt And Road
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