scholarly journals Malicious Encryption Traffic Detection Based on NLP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Zhenyan Liu ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Data Preprocessing ◽  
Encrypted Traffic ◽  
Traffic Detection

The development of Internet and network applications has brought the development of encrypted communication technology. But on this basis, malicious traffic also uses encryption to avoid traditional security protection and detection. Traditional security protection and detection methods cannot accurately detect encrypted malicious traffic. In recent years, the rise of artificial intelligence allows us to use machine learning and deep learning methods to detect encrypted malicious traffic without decryption, and the detection results are very accurate. At present, the research on malicious encrypted traffic detection mainly focuses on the characteristics’ analysis of encrypted traffic and the selection of machine learning algorithms. In this paper, a method combining natural language processing and machine learning is proposed; that is, a detection method based on TF-IDF is proposed to build a detection model. In the process of data preprocessing, this method introduces the natural language processing method, namely, the TF-IDF model, to extract data information, obtain the importance of keywords, and then reconstruct the characteristics of data. The detection method based on the TF-IDF model does not need to analyze each field of the data set. Compared with the general machine learning data preprocessing method, that is, data encoding processing, the experimental results show that using natural language processing technology to preprocess data can effectively improve the accuracy of detection. Gradient boosting classifier, random forest classifier, AdaBoost classifier, and the ensemble model based on these three classifiers are, respectively, used in the construction of the later models. At the same time, CNN neural network in deep learning is also used for training, and CNN can effectively extract data information. Under the condition that the input data of the classifier and neural network are consistent, through the comparison and analysis of various methods, the accuracy of the one-dimensional convolutional network based on CNN is slightly higher than that of the classifier based on machine learning.

Deep Learning Approaches for Textual Sentiment Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamanna Sharma ◽  
Anu Bajaj ◽  
Om Prakash Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Learning Techniques

Sentiment analysis is computational measurement of attitude, opinions, and emotions (like positive/negative) with the help of text mining and natural language processing of words and phrases. Incorporation of machine learning techniques with natural language processing helps in analysing and predicting the sentiments in more precise manner. But sometimes, machine learning techniques are incapable in predicting sentiments due to unavailability of labelled data. To overcome this problem, an advanced computational technique called deep learning comes into play. This chapter highlights latest studies regarding use of deep learning techniques like convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, etc. in sentiment analysis.

scholarly journals Automatic ICD-10 Coding and Training System: Deep Neural Network Based on Supervised Learning

10.2196/23230 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e23230
Author(s):  
Pei-Fu Chen ◽  
Ssu-Ming Wang ◽  
Wei-Chih Liao ◽  
Lu-Cheng Kuo ◽  
Kuan-Chih Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Training

Background The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code is widely used as the reference in medical system and billing purposes. However, classifying diseases into ICD codes still mainly relies on humans reading a large amount of written material as the basis for coding. Coding is both laborious and time-consuming. Since the conversion of ICD-9 to ICD-10, the coding task became much more complicated, and deep learning– and natural language processing–related approaches have been studied to assist disease coders. Objective This paper aims at constructing a deep learning model for ICD-10 coding, where the model is meant to automatically determine the corresponding diagnosis and procedure codes based solely on free-text medical notes to improve accuracy and reduce human effort. Methods We used diagnosis records of the National Taiwan University Hospital as resources and apply natural language processing techniques, including global vectors, word to vectors, embeddings from language models, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, and single head attention recurrent neural network, on the deep neural network architecture to implement ICD-10 auto-coding. Besides, we introduced the attention mechanism into the classification model to extract the keywords from diagnoses and visualize the coding reference for training freshmen in ICD-10. Sixty discharge notes were randomly selected to examine the change in the F1-score and the coding time by coders before and after using our model. Results In experiments on the medical data set of National Taiwan University Hospital, our prediction results revealed F1-scores of 0.715 and 0.618 for the ICD-10 Clinical Modification code and Procedure Coding System code, respectively, with a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers embedding approach in the Gated Recurrent Unit classification model. The well-trained models were applied on the ICD-10 web service for coding and training to ICD-10 users. With this service, coders can code with the F1-score significantly increased from a median of 0.832 to 0.922 (P<.05), but not in a reduced interval. Conclusions The proposed model significantly improved the F1-score but did not decrease the time consumed in coding by disease coders.

Leveraging Natural Language Processing Applications Using Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-360
Author(s):  
Janjanam Prabhudas ◽  
C. H. Pradeep Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
And Performance

The enormous increase of information along with the computational abilities of machines created innovative applications in natural language processing by invoking machine learning models. This chapter will project the trends of natural language processing by employing machine learning and its models in the context of text summarization. This chapter is organized to make the researcher understand technical perspectives regarding feature representation and their models to consider before applying on language-oriented tasks. Further, the present chapter revises the details of primary models of deep learning, its applications, and performance in the context of language processing. The primary focus of this chapter is to illustrate the technical research findings and gaps of text summarization based on deep learning along with state-of-the-art deep learning models for TS.

scholarly journals Fake News Detection using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The World

News is a routine in everyone's life. It helps in enhancing the knowledge on what happens around the world. Fake news is a fictional information madeup with the intension to delude and hence the knowledge acquired becomes of no use. As fake news spreads extensively it has a negative impact in the society and so fake news detection has become an emerging research area. The paper deals with a solution to fake news detection using the methods, deep learning and Natural Language Processing. The dataset is trained using deep neural network. The dataset needs to be well formatted before given to the network which is made possible using the technique of Natural Language Processing and thus predicts whether a news is fake or not.

scholarly journals Application of Natural Language Processing on Character Computing : A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOUSHIK DEB
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Trait Prediction

Character Computing consists of not only personality trait recognition, but also correlation among these traits. Tons of research has been conducted in this area. Various factors like demographics, sentiment, gender, LIWC, and others have been taken into account in order to understand human personality. In this paper, we have concentrated on the factors that could be obtained from available data using Natural Language Processing. It has been observed that the most successful personality trait prediction models are highly dependent on NLP techniques. Researchers across the globe have used different kinds of machine learning and deep learning techniques to automate this process. Different combinations of factors lead the research in different directions. We have presented a comparative study among those experiments and tried to derive a direction for future development.

High accuracy offering attention mechanisms based deep learning approach using CNN/bi-LSTM for sentiment analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateswara Rao Kota ◽  
Shyamala Devi Munisamy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Content Type

PurposeNeural network (NN)-based deep learning (DL) approach is considered for sentiment analysis (SA) by incorporating convolutional neural network (CNN), bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) and attention methods. Unlike the conventional supervised machine learning natural language processing algorithms, the authors have used unsupervised deep learning algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe method presented for sentiment analysis is designed using CNN, Bi-LSTM and the attention mechanism. Word2vec word embedding is used for natural language processing (NLP). The discussed approach is designed for sentence-level SA which consists of one embedding layer, two convolutional layers with max-pooling, one LSTM layer and two fully connected (FC) layers. Overall the system training time is 30 min.FindingsThe method performance is analyzed using metrics like precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy. CNN is helped to reduce the complexity and Bi-LSTM is helped to process the long sequence input text.Originality/valueThe attention mechanism is adopted to decide the significance of every hidden state and give a weighted sum of all the features fed as input.

scholarly journals Analisis Sentimen Pilkada di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Menggunakan Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Sukma Nindi Listyarini ◽  
Dimas Aryo Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Convolution Neural Network

Pemilihan kepala daerah 2020 menjadi kontroversi, sebab dilaksanakan ditengah pandemi  covid-19. Komentar muncul di berbagai lini media sosial seperti twitter. Banyak masyarakat yang setuju pilkada dilanjutkan, namun banyak juga yang perpendapat untuk menunda pilkada sampai masa pandemi berakhir. Melihat perbedaan pendapat seperti ini, perlu dilakukan analisis sentimen, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh persepsi atau gambaran umum masyarakat terhadap penyelenggaraan pilkada 2020 saat pandemi covid-19. Sebanyak 500 tweet diperoleh dengan cara crawling data dari twitter API menggunakan library tweepy, bedasarkan keyword yang telah ditentukan. Dataset yang didapat diberi label ke dalam dua kelas, negatif dan positif. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pendekatan deep learning dengan algoritma Convolution Neural Network (CNN) untuk klasifikasi, yang terbukti efektif untuk tugas Natural Language Processing (NLP) dan mampu mencapai kinerja yang baik dalam klasifikasi kalimat. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menerapkan 4-layer convolutional dan mengamati pengaruh jumlah epoch terhadap akurasi model. Variasi epoch yang digunakan adalah 50, 75, 100.  Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, metode CNN dengan dataset pilkada ditengah pandemi mendapatkan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 90% dengan 4-layer convolutional dan 100 epoch. Didapatkan pula bahwa, semakin banyak epoch yang digunakan dalam model,  akurasi cenderung meningkat.

scholarly journals Neural Language Modeling for Molecule Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjar Adilov
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Language Modeling ◽  
Machine Learning Methods

Generative neural networks have shown promising results in <i>de novo</i> drug design. Recent studies suggest that one of the efficient ways to produce novel molecules matching target properties is to model SMILES sequences using deep learning in a way similar to language modeling in natural language processing. In this paper, we present a survey of various machine learning methods for SMILES-based language modeling and propose our benchmarking results on a standardized subset of ChEMBL database.

scholarly journals Neural Language Modeling for Molecule Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjar Adilov
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Language Modeling ◽  
Machine Learning Methods

Generative neural networks have shown promising results in <i>de novo</i> drug design. Recent studies suggest that one of the efficient ways to produce novel molecules matching target properties is to model SMILES sequences using deep learning in a way similar to language modeling in natural language processing. In this paper, we present a survey of various machine learning methods for SMILES-based language modeling and propose our benchmarking results on a standardized subset of ChEMBL database.

scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Natural Language Processing in Radiology: The Impact of Report Complexity, Disease Prevalence, Dataset Size, and Algorithm Type on Model Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Olthof ◽  
P. M. A. van Ooijen ◽  
L. J. Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Dataset Size ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn radiology, natural language processing (NLP) allows the extraction of valuable information from radiology reports. It can be used for various downstream tasks such as quality improvement, epidemiological research, and monitoring guideline adherence. Class imbalance, variation in dataset size, variation in report complexity, and algorithm type all influence NLP performance but have not yet been systematically and interrelatedly evaluated. In this study, we investigate these factors on the performance of four types [a fully connected neural network (Dense), a long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM), a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)] of deep learning-based NLP. Two datasets consisting of radiologist-annotated reports of both trauma radiographs (n = 2469) and chest radiographs and computer tomography (CT) studies (n = 2255) were split into training sets (80%) and testing sets (20%). The training data was used as a source to train all four model types in 84 experiments (Fracture-data) and 45 experiments (Chest-data) with variation in size and prevalence. The performance was evaluated on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under the curve, and F score. After the NLP of radiology reports, all four model-architectures demonstrated high performance with metrics up to > 0.90. CNN, LSTM, and Dense were outperformed by the BERT algorithm because of its stable results despite variation in training size and prevalence. Awareness of variation in prevalence is warranted because it impacts sensitivity and specificity in opposite directions.

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