scholarly journals Alcohol intake and endogenous hormones in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
pp. cebp.0789.2021
Author(s):  
Sandar Tin Tin ◽  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
Gillian K Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandar Tin Tin ◽  
Gillian K. Reeves ◽  
Timothy J. Key
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Some endogenous hormones have been associated with breast cancer risk, but the nature of these relationships is not fully understood. Methods UK Biobank was used. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum collected in 2006–2010, and in a repeat subsample (N ~ 5000) in 2012–13. Incident cancers were identified through data linkage. Cox regression models were used, and hazard ratios (HRs) corrected for regression dilution bias. Results Among 30,565 pre-menopausal and 133,294 post-menopausal women, 527 and 2,997, respectively, were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone in post-menopausal women (HR per 0.5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23) but not in pre-menopausal women (pheterogeneity = 0.03), and with IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) (HR per 5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 1.02, 1.35 (pre-menopausal) and 1.07; 1.01, 1.12 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.2), and inversely associated with SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) (HR per 30 nmol/L increment: 0.96; 0.79, 1.15 (pre-menopausal) and 0.89; 0.84, 0.94 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.4). Oestradiol, assessed only in pre-menopausal women, was not associated with risk, but there were study limitations for this hormone. Conclusions This study confirms associations of testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG with breast cancer risk, with heterogeneity by menopausal status for testosterone.

scholarly journals Estrogen and COVID-19 symptoms: associations in women from the COVID Symptom Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Costeira ◽  
Karla A Lee ◽  
Benjamin Murray ◽  
Colette Christiansen ◽  
Juan Castillo-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Uk

Background: Men and older women have been shown to be at higher risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Animal model studies of SARS-CoV and MERS suggest that the age and sex difference in COVID-19 symptom severity may be due to a protective effect of the female sex hormone estrogen. Females have shown an ability to mount a stronger immune response to a variety of viral infections because of more robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Objectives: We sought to determine whether COVID-19 positivity increases in women entering menopause. We also aimed to identify whether premenopausal women taking exogenous hormones in the form of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) and post-menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have lower predicted rates of COVID-19, using our published symptom-based model. Design: The COVID Symptom Study developed by Kings College London and Zoe Global Limited was launched in the UK on 24th March 2020. It captured self-reported information related to COVID-19 symptoms. Data used for this study included records collected between 7th May - 15th June 2020. Main outcome measures: We investigated links between COVID-19 rates and 1) menopausal status, 2) COCP use and 3) HRT use, using symptom-based predicted COVID-19, tested COVID-19, and disease severity based on requirement for hospital attendance or respiratory support. Participants: Female users of the COVID Symptom Tracker Application in the UK, including 152,637 women for menopause status, 295,689 for COCP use, and 151,193 for HRT use. Analyses were adjusted for age, smoking and BMI. Results: Post-menopausal women aged 40-60 years had a higher rate of predicted COVID (P=0.003) and a corresponding range of symptoms, with consistent, but not significant trends observed for tested COVID-19 and disease severity. Women aged 18-45 years taking COCP had a significantly lower predicted COVID-19 (P=8.03E-05), with a reduction in hospital attendance (P=0.023). Post-menopausal women using HRT or hormonal therapies did not exhibit consistent associations, including increased rates of predicted COVID-19 (P=2.22E-05) for HRT users alone. Conclusions: Our findings support a protective effect of estrogen on COVID-19, based on positive association between predicted COVID-19 and menopausal status, and a negative association with COCP use. HRT use was positively associated with COVID-19 symptoms; however, the results should be considered with caution due to lack of data on HRT type, route of administration, duration of treatment, and potential comorbidities. Trial registration: The App Ethics has been approved by KCL ethics Committee REMAS ID 18210, review reference LRS-19/20-18210

scholarly journals Prospective Study of Endogenous Hormones and Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 1940-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Roetker ◽  
Richard MacLehose ◽  
Ron Hoogeveen ◽  
Christie Ballantyne ◽  
Saonli Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
Post Menopausal

AbstractExogenous hormone treatments in women (oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy [HRT]) are established risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but less is known about associations between plasma levels of endogenous hormones and VTE risk. We examined the association of baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with risk of future VTE in men and post-menopausal women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Testosterone, DHEAS and SHBG were measured in plasma samples collected in 1996 to 1998. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident VTE adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, height, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate and C-reactive protein. All analyses were stratified by sex and by current HRT use in women. Among 3,051 non-HRT-using women, 1,414 HRT-using women and 3,925 men at risk at baseline, 184, 62 and 206 experienced incident VTE after a median follow-up of 17.6 years. Plasma hormones were not associated with incidence of VTE among men and non-HRT-using women, although lower plasma DHEAS, when modelled using quartiles or restricted cubic splines, was associated with higher risk of VTE among HRT-using women. This study does not support the existence of an important association between plasma concentrations of endogenous testosterone, DHEAS or SHBG with risk of VTE in middle-aged to older men or post-menopausal women not using HRT.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles of dementia: evidence from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Yaying Cao ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
Geng Zong ◽  
Changzheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: To inform targeted preventive strategies of dementia, systematic investigation in its age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles in the general adult population is warranted.Methods: We used data of 372,867 adults free from dementia at baseline (2006-2010) in the UK Biobank, and followed them up until March 2021. We assigned participants into five groups according to their age and into two groups according to their sex. We estimated the age- and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazard models and calculated the corresponding population attributable fractions (PAFs) for dementia attributable to three major categories of modifiable risk factors, including socioeconomic (low education level, high Townsend deprivation index), lifestyle (non-moderate alcohol intake, current smoking, suboptimal diet, non-regular physical exercise, and sleep duration <=6 or >=8 hrs/d), and health condition (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and depressive symptom) risk factors.Findings: During 4,338,030 person-years of follow-up, 113, 146, 360, 1,087, and 2,002 of participants across five increasing age groups (40-<50, 50-<55, 55-<60, 60-<65, or >=65 y), respectively, were newly diagnosed with dementia. Five out of eleven modifiable risk factors showed significantly stronger associations with dementia among younger adults than in relatively older adults (P-interactions < 0.05), including non-moderate alcohol intake (HR [95% confidence interval, CI]=1.90 [1.35, 2.68] for participants 50-<55 y vs. 1.22 [1.11, 1.35] for participants > 65 y), suboptimal diet (1.86 [1.26, 2.74] for participants 40-< 50 y vs. 0.96 [0.86, 1.06] for participants > 65 y), hypertension (1.52 [0.96, 2.42] vs. 1.08 [0.99, 1.19]), CVD (4.20 [2.15, 8.22] vs. 1.64 [1.45, 1.85]), and diabetes (3.09 [1.60, 6.00] vs. 1.73 [1.51, 2.00]). We observed no significant difference in dementia risk factor profiles between women and men. Dementia cases attributable to three categories of risk factors all decreased with age, with the PAFs (95% CI) for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health condition risk factors being 52.56% (22.98%, 82.15%), 46.57% (8.08%, 85.06%), and 35.42% (24.09%, 46.75%) for participants aged 40-<50 y, and 12.29% (3.82%, 20.75%), 13.01% (2.53%, 23.49%), and 15.85% (11.81%, 19.90%) for those over 65 y.Interpretation: This study identified stronger association and greater attributable risk of several modifiable risk factors for dementia among younger adults, underscoring the importance of preventive strategies from an earlier age across adult life course to reduce the risk of dementia.

scholarly journals Practice observed in managing gynaecological problems in post-menopausal women during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-228
Author(s):  
Faisal Karim ◽  
George Araklitis ◽  
Dudley Robinson ◽  
Linda Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
New Era ◽  
King's College ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The way in which gynaecology services are provided in the UK has drastically changed within a short space of time due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Gynaecologists are not considered front-line staff in the treatment of the novel coronavirus unlike our intensive care or accident and emergency colleagues. However, the impact this is having on those with chronic problems is significant, and the morbidity associated with missed malignancies could be problematic. This article summarises the strategies developed at King’s College Hospital to remodel services to best provide optimum treatment to patients in this new era.

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