Karyotype differentiation in Chromaphyosemion killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes, Nothobranchiidae). III: Extensive karyotypic variability associated with low mitochondrial haplotype differentiation in C. bivittatum

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Völker ◽  
R. Sonnenberg ◽  
P. Ráb ◽  
H. Kullmann
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Karyotypic Variability ◽  
Karyotype Differentiation

The Atlas Massif separates a northern and a southern mitochondrial haplotype group of North African water frogs Pelophylax saharicus (Anura: Ranidae) in Morocco

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza Lansari ◽  
Miguel Vences ◽  
Susanne Hauswaldt ◽  
Ralf Hendrix ◽  
David Donaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
North African ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
High Atlas Mountains ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Area North

We assessed the genetic variation of 47 Moroccan populations of the North African water frog (Pelophylax saharicus) using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). All 239 samples belonged to the main haplotype clade previously identified from Morocco, with no haplotypes of the Algerian/Tunisian clades among our samples. Altogether 40 haplotypes were found, with a maximum of 13 mutational steps between them. Two weakly divergent haplogroups separated by a minimum of six mutational steps were distributed (i) in the Anti-Atlas and the Sahara (south of the High Atlas Mountains) versus (ii) in the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas, and in the Rif area north of the Atlas Massif. Haplotypes of the northern haplogroup were found at the southernmost locality, which might be due to human translocation, and co-occurrence of the two haplogroups was recorded at three sites within the range of the northern haplogroup.

scholarly journals Maternal age effects on fecundity and offspring egg-to-adult viability are not affected by mitochondrial haplotype

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 10722-10732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Koch ◽  
James M. Phillips ◽  
M. Florencia Camus ◽  
Damian K. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in a black fly, Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Zhu ◽  
K P Pruess ◽  
T O Powers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Mitochondrial Heterogeneity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted from pooled field-collected samples representing six species of black flies (Cnephia dacotensis, Simulium bivittaum, S. johansenni, S. luggeri, S. piperi, S. vittatum) and compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Morphospecies were molecularly distinct, with few shared restriction fragments. Eleven populations of S. vittatum were found that appeared to be homogeneous for a single mitochondrial haplotype. Ten other populations of S. vittatum showed extensive mitochondrial heterogeneity. In part, these samples contained mixtures of two cytologically recognized siblings: IIIL-1 and IS-7. About 70% of the mitochondrial genome of a population pure for sibling IIIL-1 was cloned as five HindIII fragments, which were used as hybridization probes to examine individual black flies. Thirteen mtDNA haplotypes involving permutations of 10 HindIII restriction sites were identified in individual black flies examined from 26 populations. DNA from 168 larvae cut with both EcoR1 and HindIII revealed five additional haplotypes. One HindIII haplotype was present in 84% of 390 larvae examined and predominated in every population examined from New York to California and in both the IIIL-1 and IS-7 siblings. Nebraska populations had individuals with nearly all known haplotypes. The most common haplotype was usually the only form present in warm, silty streams with organic enrichment. Rarer haplotypes were found in cool, spring-fed streams but without clear geographic or phylogenetic components.

scholarly journals Gene by environmental interactions affecting oxidative phosphorylation and thermal sensitivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. R157-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Z. Baris ◽  
Pierre U. Blier ◽  
Nicolas Pichaud ◽  
Douglas L. Crawford ◽  
Marjorie F. Oleksiak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Mitochondrial Genotype

The oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathway is responsible for most aerobic ATP production and is the only metabolic pathway with proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. In studies examining mitonuclear interactions among distant populations within a species or across species, the interactions between these two genomes can affect metabolism, growth, and fitness, depending on the environment. However, there is little data on whether these interactions impact natural populations within a single species. In an admixed Fundulus heteroclitus population with northern and southern mitochondrial haplotypes, there are significant differences in allele frequencies associated with mitochondrial haplotype. In this study, we investigate how mitochondrial haplotype and any associated nuclear differences affect six OxPhos parameters within a population. The data demonstrate significant OxPhos functional differences between the two mitochondrial genotypes. These differences are most apparent when individuals are acclimated to high temperatures with the southern mitochondrial genotype having a large acute response and the northern mitochondrial genotype having little, if any acute response. Furthermore, acute temperature effects and the relative contribution of Complex I and II depend on acclimation temperature: when individuals are acclimated to 12°C, the relative contribution of Complex I increases with higher acute temperatures, whereas at 28°C acclimation, the relative contribution of Complex I is unaffected by acute temperature change. These data demonstrate a complex gene by environmental interaction affecting the OxPhos pathway.

scholarly journals Rapid comeback of males: evolution of male-killer suppression in a green lacewing population

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1877) ◽  
pp. 20180369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hayashi ◽  
Masashi Nomura ◽  
Daisuke Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Haplotype Variation ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Laboratory Line ◽  
Male Killer

Evolutionary theory predicts that the spread of cytoplasmic sex ratio distorters leads to the evolution of host nuclear suppressors, although there are extremely few empirical observations of this phenomenon. Here, we demonstrate that a nuclear suppressor of a cytoplasmic male killer has spread rapidly in a population of the green lacewing Mallada desjardinsi . An M. desjardinsi population, which was strongly female-biased in 2011 because of a high prevalence of the male-killing Spiroplasma endosymbiont, had a sex ratio near parity in 2016, despite a consistent Spiroplasma prevalence. Most of the offspring derived from individuals collected in 2016 had 1 : 1 sex ratios in subsequent generations. Contrastingly, all-female or female-biased broods appeared frequently from crossings of these female offspring with males derived from a laboratory line founded by individuals collected in 2011. These results suggest near-fixation of a nuclear suppressor against male killing in 2016 and reject the notion that a non-male-killing Spiroplasma variant has spread in the population. Consistently, no significant difference was detected in mitochondrial haplotype variation between 2011 and 2016. These findings, and earlier findings in the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina in Samoa, suggest that these quick events of male recovery occur more commonly than is generally appreciated.

scholarly journals Karyotypic variability in some species of the genus Chondrilla (Asteraceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Alena Parkhomenko ◽  
Aleksandr Kashin ◽  
Lyudmila Grebenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Karyotypic Variability ◽  
The Republic

Karyotypic variability of plants was evaluated in 17 populations of six species of the genus Chondrilla (C. ambigua Fisch., C. brevirostris Fisch, et Mey., C. laticoronata Leonova, C. canescens Kar., Kir., C. juncea, C. pauciflora Ledeb.) in the Astrakhan, Voronezh and Saratov regions, the Republic of Kalmykia, and Western Kazakhstan. It is maintained that C. ambigua is a strict diploid (2n = 2x = 10) species, while its close relative - C. pauciflora - is a strict triploid (2n = 3x = 15) taxon. The research demonstrates that the plants of the apomictic taxa C. brevirostris, C. canescens, C. juncea and C. laticoronata are characterized by the genomic instability in the form of chromosome instability which results in these species’ mixed-ploidy populations.

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