Normal Acid-Base Status of Arterial Blood from the Conscious, Chair-Restrained Squirrel Monkey

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Horstman ◽  
L.E. Banderet
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Normal Acid

scholarly journals Acid-Base Status Disturbances in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis at High Altitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Enrique Cely ◽  
Oscar G. Rocha ◽  
María J. Vargas ◽  
Rafael M. Sanabria ◽  
Leyder Corzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Disorder ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Normal Acid

Background. Acid-base disorders have been previously described in patients with chronic hemodialysis, with metabolic acidosis being the most important of them; however, little is known about the potential changes in acid-base status of patients on dialysis living at high altitudes. Methods. Cross-sectional study including 93 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis on alternate days and living in Bogotá, Colombia, at an elevation of 2,640 meters (8,661 feet) over sea level (m.o.s.l.). Measurements of pH, PaCO2, HCO3, PO2, and base excess were made on blood samples taken from the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) during the pre- and postdialysis periods in the midweek hemodialysis session. Normal values for the altitude of Bogotá were taken into consideration for the interpretation of the arterial blood gases. Results. 43% (n= 40) of patients showed predialysis normal acid-base status. The most common acid-base disorder in predialysis period was metabolic alkalosis with chronic hydrogen ion deficiency in 19,3% (n=18). Only 9,7% (n=9) had predialysis metabolic acidosis. When comparing pre- and postdialysis blood gas analysis, higher postdialysis levels of pH (7,41 versus 7,50, p<0,01), bicarbonate (21,7mmol/L versus 25,4mmol/L, p<0,01), and base excess (-2,8 versus 2,4, p<0,01) were reported, with lower levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (34,9 mmHg versus 32,5 mmHg, p<0,01). Conclusion. At an elevation of 2,640 m.o.s.l., a large percentage of patients are in normal acid-base status prior to the dialysis session (“predialysis period”). Metabolic alkalosis is more common than metabolic acidosis in the predialysis period when compared to previous studies. Paradoxically, despite postdialysis metabolic alkalosis, PaCO2 levels are lower than those found in the predialysis period.

scholarly journals Hyperlactacemia in critically ill children: comparison of traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hari Kushartono ◽  
Antonius H. Pudjiadi ◽  
Susetyo Harry Purwanto ◽  
Imral Chair ◽  
Darlan Darwis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Excess ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Elevated Lactate

Background Base excess is a single variable used to quantifymetabolic component of acid base status. Several researches havecombined the traditional base excess method with the Stewartmethod for acid base physiology called as Fencl-Stewart method.Objective The purpose of the study was to compare two differentmethods in identifying hyperlactacemia in pediatric patients withcritical illness.Methods The study was performed on 43 patients admitted tothe pediatric intensive care unit of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta. Sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, lactateand arterial blood gases were measured. All samples were takenfrom artery of all patients. Lactate level of >2 mEq/L was definedas abnormal. Standard base excess (SBE) was calculated fromthe standard bicarbonate derived from Henderson-Hasselbalchequation and reported on the blood gas analyzer. Base excessunmeasured anions (BE UA ) was calculated using the Fencl-Stewartmethod simplified by Story (2003). Correlation between lactatelevels in traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods were measuredby Pearson’s correlation coefficient .Results Elevated lactate levels were found in 24 (55.8%) patients.Lactate levels was more strongly correlated with BE UA (r = - 0.742,P<0.01) than with SBE (r = - 0.516, P<0.01).Conclusion Fencl-Stewart method is better than traditionalmethod in identifying patients with elevated lactate levels, so theFencl-Stewart method is suggested to use in clinical practice.

Studies on the Pathophysiology of Encephalopathy in Reye's Syndrome: Hyperammonemia in Reye's Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1004
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Shannon ◽  
Robert De Long ◽  
Barry Bercu ◽  
Thomas Glick ◽  
John T. Herrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cerebral Venous Drainage ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
The Brain

The initial acid-base status of eight survivors of Reye's syndrome was characterized by acute respiratory alkalosis (Pco2=32 mm Hg; Hco3-= 22.0 mEq/liter) while that of eight children who died was associated with metabolic acidosis as well (HCO3-=10.0 mEq/liter). Arterialinternal jugular venous ammonia concentration differences on day 1 (299 mg/100 ml) and day 2 (90 mg/ 100 ml) reflected cerebral uptake of ammonia while those on days 3 and 4 (-43 and -55 mg/100 ml) demonstrated cerebral release. Arterial blood hyperammonemia can be detoxified safely in the brain as long as the levels do not exceed approximately 300µg/100 ml. Beyond that level lactic acidosis is observed, particularly in cerebral venous drainage. Arterial blood hyperammonemia was also related to the extent of alveolar hyperventilation. These findings are very similar to those seen in experimental hyperammonemia and support the concept that neurotoxicity in children with Reye's syndrome is at least partly due to impaired oxidative metabolism secondary to hyperammonemia.

ERRATA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1006
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
P 351 ◽  
Normal Acid

In the article "A Diagnostic Approach to Metabolic Acidosis in Children" by Kappy and Morrow (Pediatrics 65:351-356, 1980) on p 351 under "Normal Acid-Base Physiology" the normal arterial blood pH is maintained at 7.40 (H+ = 39.8 nEq/liter not mEq/liter.

Anesthetic effects on liver and muscle glycogen concentrations: rest and postexercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2895-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Musch ◽  
B. S. Warfel ◽  
R. L. Moore ◽  
D. R. Larach
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

We compared the effects of three different anesthetics (halothane, ketamine-xylazine, and diethyl ether) on arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and tissue glycogen concentrations in rats subjected to 20 min of rest or treadmill exercise (10% grade, 28 m/min). Results demonstrated that exercise produced significant increases in arterial lactate concentrations along with reductions in arterial Pco2 (PaCO2) and bicarbonate concentrations in all rats compared with resting values. Furthermore, exercise produced significant reductions in the glycogen concentrations in the liver and soleus and plantaris muscles, whereas the glycogen concentrations found in the diaphragm and white gastrocnemius muscles were similar to those found at rest. Rats that received halothane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia demonstrated an increase in Paco2 and a respiratory acidosis compared with rats that received either anesthesia. These differences in arterial blood gases and acid-base status did not appear to have any effect on tissue glycogen concentrations, because the glycogen contents found in liver and different skeletal muscles were similar to one another cross all three anesthetic groups. These data suggest that even though halothane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia will produce a significant amount of ventilatory depression in the rat, both anesthetics may be used in studies where changes in tissue glycogen concentrations are being measured and where adequate general anesthesia is required.

The Impact of Peritonitis on Peritoneal and Systemic Acid-Base Status of Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques J. Sennesael ◽  
Godelieve C. De Smedt ◽  
Patricia Van der Niepen ◽  
Dierik L. Verbeelen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Objective To assess the possible effects of peritonitis on peritoneal and systemic acid-base status. Design pH, pCO2, lactate, and total leukocyte and differential count were simultaneously determined in the overnight dwell peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) and arterial blood in noninfected patients (controls) and on days 1, 3, and 5 from the onset of peritonitis. Setting University multidisciplinary dialysis program. Patients Prospective analysis of 63 peritonitis episodes occurring in 30 adult CAPD patients in a single center. Results In controls, mean (±SD) acid-base parameters were pH 7.41 ±0.05, pCO2 43.5±2.6 mm Hg, lactate 2.5±1.5 mmol/L in the PDE, and pH 7.43±0.04, PaCO2 36.8±3.8 mm Hg, lactate 1.4±0.7 mmol/L in the blood. In sterile (n=6), gram-positive (n=34), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=9) peritonitis PDE pH's on day 1 were, respectively, 7. 29±0.07, 7. 32±0.07, and 7.30±0.08 (p<0.05 vs control). In gram -negative peritonitis (n=14) PDE pH was 7.21 ±0.08 (p<0.05 vs all other groups). A two-to-threefold increase in PDE lactate was observed in all peritonitis groups, but a rise in pCO2 was only seen in gram -negative peritonitis. Acid-base profile of PDE had returned to control values by day 3 in sterile, gram -positive and Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis and by day 5 in gramnegative peritonitis. Despite a slight increase in plasma lactate on the first day of peritonitis, arterial blood pH was not affected by peritonitis. Conclusion PDE pH is decreased in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis, even in the absence of bacterial growth. In gram-negative peritonitis, PDE acidosis is more pronounced and prolonged, and pCO2 is markedly increased. Arterial blood pH is not affected by peritonitis.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Heat and Intake of Tall Fescue Seed Infested with Acremonium Coenophialum on the Acid-Base Status of Young Bulls

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Mills Wallace ◽  
D. W. Vogt ◽  
R. J. Lipsey ◽  
G. B. Gamer ◽  
C. N. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acremonium Coenophialum ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Metabolic Compensation ◽  
Acid Base Status

Effects of high environmental temperature and dietary intake of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) seed containing the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on bovine acid-base status were studied using 3 groups of bull calves (2 Simmental, 1 Angus). Experimental animals were housed in controlled-climate chambers and subjected to gradual increases in environmental temperature, first while being fed an endophyte-free diet and then while being fed a diet containing 17% endophyte-infested fescue seed. Marked acid-base disturbances were not observed in any animals. In general, Pco2, HCO3-, base excess, and arterial blood pH values were reduced in response to heat stress, both with endophyte-free and endophyte-containing diets. In most individuals anion gap increased. These results reflected metabolic compensation for mild chronic alveolar hyperventilation and retention of organic acids. These findings suggest that, under conditions similar to those found during the summer in central Missouri, normal cattle should not be at great risk of developing respiratory alkalosis or other severe acid-base disturbances as a result of heat stress and/or intake of tall fescue endophyte.

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