Safety and Plasma Concentrations of Bovine Superoxide Dismutase Administered to Human Premature Infants

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rosenfeld ◽  
H. Evans ◽  
R. Jhaveri ◽  
H. Moainie ◽  
K. Vohra ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Я.Г. Разуваева ◽  
А.А. Торопова ◽  
Д.Э. Гармаев

Cimicifuga dahurica - многолетнее растение семейства Ranunculaceae. В тибетской медицине С. dahurica входит в состав сборов, применяющихся при болезнях «гза» («болезни, насылаемые духами»: при инсультах, параличах и других нарушениях функций нервной системы). В середине ХХ века настойку С. dahurica использовали для лечения гипертонической болезни. С. dahurica оказывает седативное действие, ограничивая двигательную, ориентировочно-исследовательскую активность и рефлекторную возбудимость животных, а также увеличивая продолжительность наркотического сна. Цель исследования - оценка стресс-протективного действия настойки С. dahurica при хроническом эмоциональном стрессе. Методика. Исследования проведены на крысах Wistar. Длительный эмоциональный стресс воспроизводили четырехдневной иммобилизацией животных в пластмассовых пеналах с одновременным погружением их в воду. Настойку С. dahurica вводили животным (0,5 мл/кг) в течение 7 сут до моделирования эмоционального стресса и ежедневно перед помещением их в пеналы. Определяли выраженность триады Селье, уровень адренокортикотропного гормона кортикостерона и катехоламинов в плазме крови, содержание малонового диальдегида, и активность каталазы в сыворотке крови, а также активность супероксиддусмутазы в эритроцитах. Результаты. Установлено, что настойка C. dahurica повышает устойчивость животных к длительному эмоциональному стрессу, ограничивая инволюцию иммунокомпетентных органов - тимуса и селезенки на 22% и 24%, соответственно. Выраженность гипертрофии надпочечников снижалась на 34%, уменьшалось развитие язвенных повреждений слизистой оболочки желудка, что может быть связано с торможением функции симпатоадреналовой и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адренокортикальной систем, ингибированием свободнорадикальных процессов с одновременной активацией эндогенных антиоксидантных систем. Исследуемое фитосредство ингибировало гиперактивацию перекисного окисления липидов, снижая уровень малонового диальдегида на 24%, а также повышало активность эндогенной антиоксидантной системы, увеличивая активность каталазы и супероксиддисмутазы в 1,6 и 1,3 раза соответственно. Заключение. Настойка С. dahurica в дозе 0,5 мл/кг при длительном эмоциональном стрессе оказывает стресс-протективное действие, уменьшая выраженность стресс-индуцированных изменений, ограничивая гиперактивацию центральных стресс-реализующих систем, коррегируя эндогенную антиоксидантную систему организма. Выявленный стресс-протективный эффект исследуемого фитосредства обусловлен содержанием в его составе комплекса биологически активных веществ, таких как фенольные соединения, сапонины. Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. is a perennial plant of the Ranunculaceae family. In Tibetan medicine, C. dahurica is included into medicinal collections used for the treatment of gza diseases (diseases “inflicted by demons”), such as stroke, palsies, and other functional disorders of the nervous system. In mid-20th century, the C. dahurica tincture was used for the treatment of hypertension. The C. dahurica tincture has a sedative effect; it limits motility, exploratory activity, and reflex excitability in animals and prolongs the narcotic sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress-protective effect of C. dahurica tincture in chronic emotional stress. Methods. Experiments were performed on Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Chronic emotional stress was produced by four-day restraint of animals in plastic cases with simultaneous water immersion. The C. dahurica tincture was administered to animals at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 7 days, once a day; the last dose was administered 30 min prior to testing. The following parameters were determined: intensity of the Selye’s triad, plasma concentrations of ACTH, corticosterone, and catecholamines; serum concentration of malonic dialdehyde; serum activity of catalase; and superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells. Results. The C. dahurica tincture increased the tolerance to chronic emotional stress and restricted involution of immune-competent organs, the thymus and spleen, by 22% and 24%, respectively (p<0.05), adrenal gland hypertrophy by 34% (p<0.05), and development of stress-induced stomach ulcers. These effects could be due to inhibition of the sympathoadrenal system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, inhibition of free-radical processes, and simultaneous activation of endogenic antioxidant systems. The C. dahurica tincture inhibited lipid peroxidation processes thus reducing the content of malonic dialdehyde by 24%. Also, the tincture potentiated the endogenous antioxidant system by increasing activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase 1.6 and 1.3 times, respectively. Conclusion. The stress-protective effect of the plant remedy is due to contained bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds and saponins.


1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. H369-H380 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Patel ◽  
M. O. Jeroudi ◽  
P. G. O'Neill ◽  
R. Roberts ◽  
R. Bolli

To determine whether human recombinant superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) produces sustained reduction of infarct size, anesthetized dogs underwent a 2-h coronary occlusion followed by either 48 or 4 h of reperfusion. In the 48-h study, dogs were randomized to three intravenous treatments: 1) “low-dose” h-SOD (2 mg/kg bolus 2 min before reperfusion followed by 4 mg/kg over 45 min), 2) “high-dose” h-SOD (8 mg/kg bolus 2 min before reperfusion followed by 8 mg/kg over 45 min), or 3) equivalent volumes of saline. In the 4-h study, dogs were randomized to high-dose h-SOD or saline. Occluded bed size was measured by postmortem perfusion and infarct size by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and planimetry. Investigators performing the study and measuring infarct size were blinded to the treatment given. High plasma concentrations of h-SOD were present in the arterial blood of treated dogs in the early phase of reperfusion (greater than 60 and greater than 180 micrograms/ml in low- and high-dose groups, respectively). In both studies, control and treated groups were similar with respect to occluded bed size, collateral blood flow, and rate-pressure product during ischemia. In the 48-h study, infarct size, expressed as percent of occluded bed size, was 41.3 +/- 7.6% (mean +/- SE) in the control group, 37.1 +/- 7.2% in the low-dose h-SOD group, and 48.0 +/- 7.1% in the high-dose h-SOD group. In the 4-h study, infarct size was 30.6 +/- 4.9% in the control group and 31.5 +/- 9.6% in the high-dose h-SOD group. Analysis of the flow-infarct relationships confirmed that h-SOD did not reduce infarct size at any level of collateral flow in either the 48- or 4-h study. Recovery of regional myocardial function after reperfusion was also unaffected by h-SOD in both studies. Thus in this randomized blinded study, large doses of h-SOD given at the time of reperfusion failed to limit infarct size or enhance recovery of function, both early (4 h) and late (48 h) after reperfusion following a 2-h coronary occlusion.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Davis ◽  
R. B. Parad ◽  
T. Michele ◽  
E. Allred ◽  
A. Price ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M Davis ◽  
Susan E Richter ◽  
Saumitra Biswas ◽  
Warren N Rosenfeld ◽  
Lance Parton ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Marcelise Regina Fachinello ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
André Vinicius Sturzenegger Partyka ◽  
Angélica de Souza Khatlab ◽  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
...  

Lycopene has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids due to its high number of conjugated double bonds; thus, it can be used in pig diets to look for improvements in growth performance and health status, eliminating or preventing the formation of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary lycopene on the growth performance, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and blood lipid profile of finishing pigs. In total, 40 barrows and 40 gilts (Piétrain × Landrace × Large White) were used, averaging 75.04 ± 1.6 kg of initial bodyweight. Pigs were distributed in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of two genders (male and female) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 mg/kg of diet) supplemented for 28 days. It was observed that gilts presented with average daily feed intake (P = 0.001) being lower and the gain:feed ratio (P = 0.001) higher than for barrows. Increasing dietary lycopene concentration provided a linear decrease in the gene expression of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1; P = 0.018) and catalase (P = 0.001) in the liver of gilts. The gilts showed a lower gene expression than did barrows for SOD1 gene (P = 0.001) receiving 50.0 mg lycopene/kg of diet and for catalase gene (P = 0.001) receiving of 0, 12.5 and 50.0 mg lycopene/kg of diet. Glutathione peroxidase showed a lower expression (P = 0.001) for gilts than for barrows. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio decreased (P = 0.001) as lycopene concentration increased in the diet. Increasing dietary lycopene in pig diets improved the lipid profile of the blood plasma, providing an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P = 0.001). Gilts had greater plasma concentrations of urea (P = 0.001) and triglycerides (P = 0.001) and lower concentrations of HDL (P = 0.001), LDL (P = 0.001) and a lower LDL:HDL ratio (P = 0.004) than did barrows. Dietary lycopene up to 50 mg/kg does not affect the growth performance of pigs, acting as a potent modulator of the lipid profile and also reducing the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, while increasing the high-density lipoproteins. In addition, lycopene also reduces the gene expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in the liver of gilts.


1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽  
pp. 193A-193A ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M Davis ◽  
Warren N Rosenfeld ◽  
Susan E Richter ◽  
Richard Parad ◽  
Ira H Gewolb ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document