scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Zhongzhi Qiu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Kaili Yu ◽  
Xiaoya Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments. CNS pathogen identification methods are time consuming and expensive and have low sensitivity and poor specificity. Some studies have shown that bacteria and viruses can produce specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study is to find potential biomarkers by VOC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> CSF samples from 16 patients with bacterial ME and 42 patients with viral ME were collected, and solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolites in the CSF. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There are 2 substances (ethylene oxide and phenol) that were found to be different between the 2 groups. Ethylene oxide was significantly greater in the group of bacterial ME patients than in the viral ME group of patients (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). In addition, phenol was remarkably increased in the group of ME patients compared with the bacterial ME patients (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Ethylene oxide and phenol may be potential biomarkers to distinguish bacterial ME and viral ME. VOC analysis of CSF may be used as a supporting tool for clinical diagnosis.

Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System - A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Zhongzhi Qiu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Kaili Yu ◽  
Xiaoya Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments. CNS pathogen identification methods are time-consuming and expensive and have low sensitivity and poor specificity. Some studies have shown that bacteria and viruses can produce specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study is to find potential biomarkers by VOC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME). Methods CSF samples from 16 patients with bacterial ME and 42 patients with viral ME were collected, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the metabolites in the CSF. Results There are two substances (Ethylene oxide and Phenol) that were found to be different between the two groups. Ethylene oxide was significantly greater in the group of bacterial ME patients than in the viral ME group of patients (P < 0.05). In addition, phenol was remarkably increased in the group of ME patients compared with the bacterial ME patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions Ethylene oxide and phenol may be potential biomarkers to distinguish bacterial ME and viral ME. VOC analysis of CSF may be used as a supporting tool for clinical diagnosis.

Development of a Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction Method for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Resins for Leather Finishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Flores ◽  
Silvia Sorolla ◽  
Concepció Casas ◽  
Rosa Cuadros ◽  
Anna Bacardit
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Leather Finishing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) arise from the chemicals used in the various stages of the leather manufacturing process. An important aim of the tanning industry is to minimize or eliminate VOCs and SVOCs, without lowering the quality of leather.   This paper shows the development of a new headspace-solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) method for the identification of VOCs and SVOCs emitted by newly designed polymers for the leather finishing operation. These new polymers are polyurethane resins designed to reduce the VOC and SVOC concentration. This method enables a simple and fast determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of VOCs and SVOCs in polyurethane-type finishing resins. The chemicals that are of concern in this paper are the following: Dipropylene glycol Monomethyl Ether (DPGME), DBE-3 (a mixture of dibasic esters) and Triethylamine (TEA). The test conditions that have been determined to carry out the HS-SPME assay are the following: incubation time (2 hours), extraction temperature and time (40°C; 5 minutes) and the desorption conditions (280°C, 50 seconds).  Ten samples of laboratory scale resins were tested by HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC-MS). DPGME and DBE-3 (a mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate) have been identified effectively. The compounds are identified by a quantitative method using external calibration curves for the target compounds. The technique is not effective to determine the TEA compound, since the chromatograms shown poor resolution peaks for the standard. 

scholarly journals Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Reese ◽  
Carolyn L. Fisher ◽  
Pamela D. Lane ◽  
James D. Jaryenneh ◽  
Matthew W. Moorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Early Indicators

Abstract Algae ponds used in industrial biomass production are susceptible to pathogen or grazer infestation, resulting in pond crashes with high economic costs. Current methods to monitor and mitigate unhealthy ponds are hindered by a lack of early indicators that precede culture crash. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify volatiles emitted from healthy and rotifer infested cultures of Microchloropsis salina. After 48 hours of algal growth, marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, were added to the algae cultures and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled from the headspace using SPME fibers. A GC-MS approach was used in an untargeted analysis of VOCs, followed by preliminary identification. The addition of B. plicatilis to healthy cultures of M. salina resulted in decreased algal cell numbers, relative to uninfected controls, and generated trans-β-ionone and β-cyclocitral, which were attributed to carotenoid degradation. The abundances of the carotenoid-derived VOCs increased with rotifer consumption of algae. Our results indicate that specific VOCs released by infected algae cultures may be early indicators for impending pond crashes, providing a useful tool to monitor algal biomass production and pond crash prevention.

scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds of the Green Mold Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Dalma Radványi ◽  
András Geösel ◽  
Zsuzsa Jókai ◽  
Péter Fodor ◽  
Attila Gere
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Mould

Button mushrooms are one of the most commonly cultivated mushroom species facing different risks e.g.: viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. One of the most common problems is caused by Trichoderma aggressivum, or ‘green mould' disease. The presence or absence of mushroom disease-related moulds can sufficiently be detected from the air by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS SPME GC-MS) via their emitted microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). In the present study, HS SPME GC-MS was used to explore the volatile secondary metabolites released by T. aggressivum f. europaeum on different nutrient-rich and -poor media. The MVOC pattern of green mould was determined, then media-dependent and independent biomarkers were also identified during metabolomic experiments. The presented results provide the basics of a green mould identification system which helps producers reducing yield loss, new directions for researchers in mapping the metabolomic pathways of T. aggressivum and new tools for policy makers in mushroom quality control.

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