scholarly journals The Influence of Breastfeeding, Cesarean Section, Pet Animals, and Urbanization on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Severin A. Lautenschlager ◽  
Nicolas Fournier ◽  
Luc Biedermann ◽  
Valerie Pittet ◽  
Philipp Schreiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Indeterminate Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pet Rodents

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incompletely understood. Current concepts imply that environmental factors (EFs) trigger disease onset as well as flares in genetically susceptible individuals. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study is to analyze the association between IBD and various EFs, which may influence the pathogenesis of the disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 2,294 patients from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDCS) received a questionnaire regarding EF including mode of delivery, breastfeeding, animals in household, and place of residence. The control group comprised patients’ childhood friends, who grew up in a similar environment (“friends cohort”). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,111 questionnaires were returned from SIBDCS patients (response rate: 48.4%). Breastfeeding for &#x3c;6 months was associated with a decreased risk for ulcerative colitis/indeterminate colitis (UC/IC) (OR: 0.473, <i>p</i> = 0.006). IBD patients reported less pet animals in the household than the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The presence of cats or dogs (OR: 0.688, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and pet rodents (OR: 0.598, <i>p</i> = 0.001) in the household before the age of 20 was inversely associated with the risk for UC/IC. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present study underlines the importance of EFs in the pathogenesis of IBD. Overall, the development of UC/IC seems to be more affected from environmental influences than from Crohn’s disease. Our results imply a protective effect of possessing pet animals in household and short breastfeeding regarding the onset of UC/IC.

Cardiac functions and aortic elasticity in children with inflammatory bowel disease: effect of age at disease onset

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Elif Erolu ◽  
Esra Polat
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Elasticity ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractAim:Childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease is more aggressive and has rapidly progressive clinical course than adult inflammatory bowel disease. Early-onset inflammatory bowel disease has more severe clinical progression as a subspecialised group of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. We studied cardiac functions and aortic elasticity in children with early- and late-onset inflammatory bowel disease in remission period.Methods:Thirty-three paediatric patients were divided into subgroups according to age of disease onset (<10 and >10 years of age). Twenty-five healthy children were admitted as control group. M-Mode echocardiography and pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography were performed. Strain, distensibility, stiffness index of ascending, and abdominal aorta were evaluated.Results:Interventricular septum (mm) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter were higher (6.9 ± 1.2, 26.2 ± 4.6) in early-onset inflammatory bowel disease patients than control patients (6.1 ± 1.27, 22.7 ± 4.12) (p = 0.050, p = 0.050). Mitral E/E′ ratio and myocardial performance index were increased in inflammatory bowel disease and early-onset inflammatory bowel disease groups than control group (p = 0.046, p = 0.04; p = 0.023, p = 0.033). Diastolic functions were found to be impaired in inflammatory bowel disease and early-onset inflammatory bowel disease groups according to control group, while there was no difference between late-onset inflammatory bowel disease and control groups in terms of diastolic functions. Mitral E/A ratio was lower in inflammatory bowel disease patients and early-onset inflammatory bowel disease patients (1.46 ± 0.32, 1.4 ± 0.21) than control patients (1.70 ± 0.27) (p = 0.013, p = 0.004). Aortic elasticity did not differ between groups.Conclusion:Chronic low-grade inflammation has effects on left ventricular diameters and diastolic function in remission period. Aortic elasticity is not affected in our study groups.

scholarly journals The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study of the IQVIA Medical Research Database

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Freeman ◽  
Ronan Ryan ◽  
Nicholas Parsons ◽  
Sian Taylor-Phillips ◽  
Brian H. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Our knowledge of the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is uncertain. Recent studies reported an increase in prevalence. However, they excluded a high proportion of ambiguous cases from general practice. Estimates are needed to inform health care providers who plan the provision of services for IBD patients. We aimed to estimate the IBD incidence and prevalence in UK general practice. Methods We undertook a retrospective cohort study of routine electronic health records from the IQVIA Medical Research Database covering 14 million patients. Adult patients from 2006 to 2016 were included. IBD was defined as an IBD related Read code or record of IBD specific medication. Annual incidence and 12-month period prevalence were calculated. Results The prevalence of IBD increased between 2006 and 2016 from 106.2 (95% CI 105.2–107.3) to 142.1 (95% CI 140.7–143.5) IBD cases per 10,000 patients which is a 33.8% increase. Incidence varied across the years. The incidence across the full study period was 69.5 (95% CI 68.6–70.4) per 100,000 person years. Conclusions In this large study we found higher estimates of IBD incidence and prevalence than previously reported. Estimates are highly dependent on definitions of disease and previously may have been underestimated.

scholarly journals Dental and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher X. W. Tan ◽  
Henk S. Brand ◽  
Bilgin Kalender ◽  
Nanne K. H. De Boer ◽  
Tymour Forouzanfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Preventive Dental Care ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives Although bowel symptoms are often predominant, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can have several oral manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to an age and gender-matched control group of patients without IBD. Material and methods The DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) scores and the DPSI (Dutch Periodontal Screening Index) of 229 IBD patients were retrieved from the electronic health record patient database axiUm at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) and were compared to the DMFT scores and DPSI from age and gender-matched non-IBD patients from the same database. Results The total DMFT index was significantly higher in the IBD group compared to the control group. When CD and UC were analyzed separately, a statistically significant increased DMFT index was observed in CD patients but not in UC patients. The DPSI did not differ significantly between the IBD and non-IBD groups for each of the sextants. However, in every sextant, IBD patients were more frequently edentulous compared to the control patients. Conclusion CD patients have significantly more dental health problems compared to a control group. Periodontal disease did not differ significantly between IBD and non-IBD groups as determined by the DPSI. Clinical relevance It is important that IBD patients and physicians are instructed about the correlation between their disease and oral health problems. Strict oral hygiene and preventive dental care such as more frequent checkups should be emphasized by dental clinicians.

PATIENTS’ JOURNEY THROUGH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD): A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S53-S54
Author(s):  
Tina Aswani Omprakash ◽  
Norelle Reilly ◽  
Jan Bhagwakar ◽  
Jeanette Carrell ◽  
Kristina Woodburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Indeterminate Colitis ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a debilitating intestinal condition, manifesting as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or indeterminate colitis (IC). The patient experience is impacted by a lack of awareness from other stakeholders despite growing global disease prevalence. To gain deeper insight of the patient experience, promote quality care, and enhance quality of life, we performed a qualitative study of the patient journey starting from pre-diagnosis through treatment. Methods U.S. patients with IBD were recruited via UC/CD support groups and organizations, social media platforms, blog followers, and personal networks. Participants were screened via an emailed survey and asked to self-identify as medically diagnosed on the basis of reported diagnostic testing. Interviews were conducted by qualitative researchers by phone or web conferencing. Open-ended questions were developed to support and gather information about our learning objectives—primarily, our desire to understand the unique experiences of UC/CD patients in their journey from symptom onset through diagnosis, treatment and maintenance (e.g. “Upon diagnosis, what were your immediate thoughts about the condition?”). This qualitative data were analyzed using Human-Centered Design methodology, including patient typologies (personas), forced temporal zoom (journey maps), forced semantic zoom (stakeholder system mapping), and affinity mapping for pattern recognition of unmet needs. Results A total of 32 patients were interviewed: N=17 CD patients, N=13 UC patients and N=2 IC patients. The interviewed population reflected regional, demographic, and disease-related diversity (Table 1). Five unique, mutually exclusive journeys were identified to understand and classify patient experiences: (1) Journey of Independence, (2) Journey of Acceptance, (3) Journey of Recognition, (4) Journey of Passion and (5) Journey of Determination (Figure 1). Patients with IBD expressed a need for increased awareness, education, and training for providers to shorten the path to diagnosis. Mental health support was found to be a critical gap in care, particularly for major treatment decisions (e.g., surgery). The inclusion of emotional support into the treatment paradigm was perceived as essential to long-term wellness. Patient attitudes and self-advocacy varied on their individual journeys; understanding these journeys may accelerate time to diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion Better understanding of patient journeys can help healthcare providers improve their approach to patient care and coordination.

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