scholarly journals Availability and Affordability of Kidney Health Laboratory Tests around the Globe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sri Lekha Tummalapalli ◽  
Michael G. Shlipak ◽  
Sandrine Damster ◽  
Vivekanand Jha ◽  
Charu Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Dipstick Urinalysis ◽  
Kidney Health

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Kidney disease is a major global public health problem, and laboratory testing of kidney health measures is essential for diagnosis and monitoring. The availability and affordability of kidney health laboratory tests across countries has not been systematically described. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The International Society of Nephrology (ISN), in partnership with leaders of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference, surveyed a representative subset of ISN-Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA) respondents from April to June 2020. We assessed the association between country gross national income (GNI) per capita and laboratory testing availability and affordability. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 33 regional expert nephrologists invited, 24 (73%) responded, representing all 10 ISN regions around the world. Availability of kidney health laboratory tests was as follows: serum Cr (100%), serum cystatin C (67%), urine albumin (96%), urine Cr (100%), and dipstick urinalysis (100%). Median (IQR) reimbursement values in international dollars were as follows: serum Cr Int$ 6.61 (3.42–8.84), serum cystatin C Int$ 31.51 (17.36–46.25), urine albumin Int$ 10.22 (5.90–15.42), urine Cr Int$ 7.50 (1.66–8.84), and dipstick urinalysis Int$ 6.26 (2.56–8.40). Reimbursement values did not differ significantly by World Bank income group or by GNI per capita. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There was widespread availability of kidney health laboratory tests and substantial variation in reimbursement values. To achieve meaningful progress across nations in mitigating the growth of kidney disease, access to affordable diagnostic technology is essential. Our results are highly relevant to policymakers and researchers as countries increasingly consider national strategies for kidney disease detection and management.

scholarly journals Expressing the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) Cystatin C Equations for Estimating GFR With Standardized Serum Cystatin C Values

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Inker ◽  
John Eckfeldt ◽  
Andrew S. Levey ◽  
Catherine Leiendecker-Foster ◽  
Gregory Rynders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

scholarly journals Cystatin C-Based Evaluation of Kidney Function of HIV-Infected Children in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Temidayo Abiodun ◽  
Nosakhare J. Iduoriyekemwen ◽  
Phillip O. Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
The Mean

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now a confirmed risk factor for kidney disease with an increased burden in persons of African descent.Method. We measured the serum cystatin C levels of 205 ART-naive, HIV-infected children by an ELISA technique and compared them with the levels of apparently healthy children.Result. The mean ± SD serum cystatin C level of children with HIV infection was 1.01 ± 0.44 mg/L, significantly higher than the mean value in the control group, that is, 0.72 ± 0.20 mg/L (P=0.000). The mean ± SD cystatin C-based estimated GFR of children with HIV infection was 102.7 ± 31.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, significantly lower than 126.9 ± 28.5 mL/min/1.73 m2in the control group, (P=0.014). A significantly higher proportion of HIV-infected children compared to controls had eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2(21.5% versus 5.4%;P=0.00). The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the HIV-infected children was 10.7%. The cystatin C-based eGFR of the HIV-infected children ≥5 years old correlated positively with their CD4 count (r=0.23;  P=0.022).Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of CKD among HIV-infected children, requiring regular monitoring of their kidney function using a cystatin C-based method.

scholarly journals Markers of Glomerular and Tubular Damage in the Early Stage of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Żyłka ◽  
Paulina Dumnicka ◽  
Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala ◽  
Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska ◽  
Piotr Ceranowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Ngal ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Serum And Urine

Diabetic kidney disease develops in half of genetically predisposed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Early diagnosis of kidney damage and nephroprotective treatment are the ways of preventing the disease progression. Our aim was to evaluate selected laboratory markers of glomerular and tubular damage in T2DM patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease (G1/G2, A1/A2) for their associations with A2 albuminuria and early decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Among 80 T2DM patients with median eGFR of 92.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 and median urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) of 4.69 mg/g, 19 had uACR > 30 mg/g (A2). Higher serum cystatin C, serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), urine kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), detectable urine transferrin and IgG, and lower serum uromodulin significantly predicted A2 albuminuria, urine KIM-1/creatinine ratio, and IgG being the best predictors. Albuminuria, urine NGAL/creatinine, and IgG correlated with diabetes duration. Albuminuria, urine NGAL, transferrin, IgG, and uromodulin correlated with diabetes control. In a subgroup of 29 patients, retrospective data were available on changes in eGFR and uACR over one year. Decline in eGFR was observed in 17 patients and increase in uACR in 10 patients. Serum and urine NGAL correlated with eGFR changes. Higher urine NGAL, KIM-1/creatinine ratio, and detectable IgG were significantly associated with the increase in uACR. Widely available markers, serum cystatin C, urine IgG, transferrin, and NGAL, may help in early assessment of kidney disease in T2DM patients; however, large prospective studies are needed to confirm the conclusion.

scholarly journals Serum Cystatin C - Marker of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Morbidity in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-4

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Muslimovic ◽  
Denijal Tulumovic ◽  
Senad Hasanspahic ◽  
Aida HamzicMehmedbasic ◽  
Ramajana Temimovic
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Disease Stages

scholarly journals NGAL, albumin and cystatin C during cisplatin therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
B. Florova ◽  
D. Rajdl ◽  
J. Racek ◽  
O. Fiala ◽  
V. M. Matejka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. It is known for its nephrotoxic side effects with an increased risk of acute kidney injury. Finding of clinically feasible cisplatin nephrotoxicity markers is of importance. In our study, we compared neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in serum and urine, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (based on serum cystatin C) and urine albumin as markers of nephrotoxicity. The study involved 11 men and 9 women (mean ± SD age 58.2 ± 9.5 years) with different malignancies treated with cisplatin in four cycles of chemotherapy (I – IV). Samples 0 4 were taken before, immediately after, in 3, 6 and 24 hours after administering chemotherapy. We detected significant increase of ACR in Sample 2 (p=0.03) and decrease of eGFR in Sample 4 (p=0.03) up to 24 hours after cisplatin administration in the first chemotherapy cycle only. When cumulative effect of cisplatin was assessed, significantly increased values of urine albumin (vs cycle I) were found in Sample 0 (p=0.00058), 1 (p=0.00256), 2 (p=0.00456), 3 (p=0.00006) and 4 (p=0.00319) in cycles II to IV. We found a correlation between values of urine NGAL and urine albumin (r=0.68, p<0.0001). In conclusion, urine albumin was the only measured marker that consistently and statistically significantly increased after cisplatin containing chemotherapy cycles.

scholarly journals Serum cystatin C levels are associated with coronary artery calcification in women without chronic kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Sugiyama ◽  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Kazuhiro Osawa ◽  
Takashi Miki ◽  
Yuji Koide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin
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