SINE-B1 Distribution and Chromosome Rearrangements in the South American Proechimys gr. goeldii (Echimyidae, Rodentia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naiara P. Araújo ◽  
Radarane S. Sena ◽  
Cibele R. Bonvicino ◽  
Gustavo C.S. Kuhn ◽  
Marta Svartman
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
South American ◽  
Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements

<i>Proechimys</i> species are remarkable for their extensive chromosome rearrangements, representing a good model to understand genome evolution. Herein, we cytogenetically analyzed 3 different cytotypes of <i>Proechimys</i> gr. <i>goeldii</i> to assess their evolutionary relationship. We also mapped the transposable element SINE-B1 on the chromosomes of <i>P.</i> gr. <i>goeldii</i> in order to investigate its distribution among individuals and evaluate its possible contribution to karyotype remodeling in this species. SINE-B1 showed a dispersed distribution along chromosome arms and was also detected at the pericentromeric regions of some chromosomes, including pair 1 and the sex chromosomes, which are involved in chromosome rearrangements. In addition, we describe a new cytotype for <i>P.</i> gr. <i>goeldii</i>, reinforcing the significant role of gross chromosomal rearrangements during the evolution of the genus. The results of FISH with SINE-B1 suggest that this issue should be more deeply investigated for a better understanding of its role in the mechanisms involved in the wide variety of <i>Proechimys</i> karyotypes.

Accumulation of Transposable Elements in Autosomes and Giant Sex Chromosomes of Omophoita (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A.M. Rosolen ◽  
Marcelo R. Vicari ◽  
Mara C. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

Coleoptera is the most diverse order among insects, and comparative molecular cytogenetic studies in this group are lacking. The species of Omophoita (Oedionychina) possess a karyotype of 2n = 22 = 10II+X+Y. They are interesting models for evolutionary cytogenetic studies due to giant sex chromosomes which are asynaptic during meiosis. Transposable elements (TEs) confer plasticity and mobility to genomes and are considered hotspots for DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal rearrangements. The objective of the present study was to verify the role of TEs in the karyotype and in the size expansion of the giant sex chromosomes in Omophoita. Thus, different TEs were characterized in the Omophoita genome and localized in the chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The DNA sequencing data revealed identity with TE families Tc1/Mariner and RTE/L1-56_XT. FISH showed signals of all TEs in the karyotypes and a high accumulation in the sex chromosomes of the 3 Omophoita species analyzed. These data suggest that the genome size expansion and the origin of the giant sex chromosomes of Omophoita are due to an intensive genomic invasion of TEs, as those characterized here as Tc1/Mariner-Ooc and RTE-Ooc. Differences in the chromosomal location of the TEs among the 3 species indicate that they have participated in the karyotype differentiation in Omophoita.

The role of sex chromosomes in black fly evolution

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Feraday ◽  
K. G. Leonhardt ◽  
C. L. Brockhouse
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Y Chromosomes

Sex chromosomes have been repeatedly implicated in the process of speciation of black flies and other nemotocerans. Arguments are presented here against the case that frequent differences between species in their sex chromosomes are based on (i) different average rates of differentiation of sex-linked and autosomal loci or (ii) the fact that the X and Y chromosomes are less numerous than autosomal chromosomes and so are more subject to the effects of drift and the random fixation of chromosome rearrangements. The argument is made that speciation in black flies and many other groups is an adaptive process and that differentiated sex-chromosome systems play a role in this process.Key words: black flies, sex chromosomes, speciation, evolution.

scholarly journals Fission yeast Rad8/HLTF facilitates Rad52-dependent chromosomal rearrangements through PCNA lysine 107 ubiquitination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Su ◽  
Naoko Toyofuku ◽  
Takuro Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Sliding Clamp ◽  
Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase Activity

AbstractRad52 recombinase can cause gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). However, the mechanism of Rad52-dependent GCRs remains unclear. Here, we show that fission yeast Rad8/HLTF facilitates Rad52-dependent GCRs through the ubiquitination of lysine 107 (K107) of PCNA, a DNA sliding clamp. Loss of Rad8 reduced isochromosomes resulting from centromere inverted repeat recombination. Rad8 HIRAN and RING finger mutations reduced GCRs, suggesting that Rad8 facilitates GCRs through 3’ DNA-end binding and ubiquitin ligase activity. Mms2 and Ubc4 but not Ubc13 ubiquitin-conjugating proteins were required for GCRs. Consistent with this, PCNA K107R but not K164R mutation greatly reduced GCRs. Rad8-dependent PCNA K107 ubiquitination facilitates Rad52-dependent GCRs, as PCNA K107R, rad8, and rad52 mutations epistatically reduced GCRs. Remarkably, K107 is located at the interface between PCNA subunits, and an interface mutation D150E bypassed the requirement of PCNA K107 ubiquitination for GCRs. This study uncovers the role of Rad8-dependent PCNA K107 ubiquitination in Rad52-dependent GCRs.

scholarly journals The role of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of Silene latifolia sex chromosomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Hobza ◽  
Eduard Kejnovsky ◽  
Boris Vyskot ◽  
Alex Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Silene Latifolia

The Role of Muslim Women in Civil Society In Promoting Values and Principles for Building Peace: Action Guide from The Qur’ān

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Che Amnah Bahari ◽  
Fatimah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Women And Children

The whole world, the Muslim in particular has witnessed conflicts in different areas, which have hindered the developmental efforts of the nations concerned. It should be learned that most victims of these conflicts are women and children. This article attempts to elaborate the role of Muslims Women as a crucial segment in civil society in initiating peace building through nurturing process. It maintains that the adoption of the principles and values derived from the Qur’ān and Sunnah of the Prophet is necessary as a process of lifelong learning.  Those identified values constituted the framework of this article and it adopts the textual analysis method.   This article concludes that through the implementation of those values and frameworks for peace building, women as one of the important segments of civil society are able to play significant role towards initiating peace building and promoting peaceful co-existence in pluralistic society. Abstrak: Dunia Islam khususnya telah menyaksikan konflik di pelbagai daerah yang berbeza. Konflik ini telah menghalang usaha kearah pembangunan Kawasan yang berkenaan. Kebanyakan mangsa konflik ini adalah wanita dan kanak-kanak. Artikel ini cuba untuk menghuraikan peranan wanita Islam sebagai segmen penting dalam masyarakat madani dalam membangun proses kedamaian dengan mendidik dan memupuk prinsip dan nilai murni janaan al-Qur’an. Penggunaan prinsip dan nilai yang dikutip dari ayat-ayat Qur'an dan hadis Rasulullah adalah keperluan yang mendesak sebagai wadah bagi proses pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Nilai-nilai yang dikenal pasti merupakan rangka kerja artikel ini, dan metod yang dirujuk adalah analisis teks. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa melalui pelaksanaan nilai-nilai dan kerangka kerja Islam bagi proses kedamaian, wanita Islam dalam masyarakat madani mampu memainkan peranan penting dalam memulakan pembinaan keamanan dan menggalakkan kehidupan yang harmonis, sejahtera dan saling bantu membantu dalam masyarakat majmuk.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

A Good Sentencing Precedent is Hard to Find

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Brian A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
College Admissions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Federal Sentencing

In federal criminal cases, federal law requires that judges consider the sentences other courts have imposed in factually similar matters. Courts and parties, however, face significant challenges in finding applicable sentencing precedents because judges do not typically issue written sentencing opinions, and transcripts of sentencings are not readily available in advanced searchable databases. At the same time, particularly since the Supreme Court’s 2005 decision in United States v. Booker, sentencing precedent has come to play a significant role in federal sentencing proceedings. By way of example, this article discusses recent cases involving defendants with gambling addictions, and recent cases involving college admissions or testing fraud. The article explores the ways the parties in those cases have used sentencing precedent in their advocacy, as well as the ways the courts involved have used sentencing precedent to justify their decisions. Given the important role of sentencing precedent in federal criminal cases, the article finally looks at ways in which the body of sentencing law could be made more readily available to parties and courts alike.

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: Challenge for Periodontal Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Lamichhane ◽  
Shaili Pradhan ◽  
Ranjita Shreshta Gorkhali ◽  
Pramod Kumar Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Periodontal Destruction ◽  
Palmoplantar Keratosis

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent dentition and diffuse palmoplantar keratosis. Immunologic alterations, genetic mutations, and role of bacteria are some aetiologic factors. Patients present with early periodontal destruction, so periodontists play a significant role in diagnosis and management. This paper reports a case of Papillon- Lefevre syndrome with its clinical manifestations and challenges for periodontal management which was diagnosed in dental department.

Challenges for Entrepreneurs of ‘Religious Tourism Circuits’: A Study of ‘Holy City’ Kurukshetra

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Restaurant Owners ◽  
Holy City

Government of India launched a ‘Swadesh Darshan Scheme’ in January 2015 that pinpoints 13 designated circuits including Ramayana circuit, Krishna Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, and Spiritual Circuit to promote religious and cultural tourism in the country. Kurukshetra is a ‘Holy City’ of State of Haryana that is recently been added in ‘Krishna Religious Tourism Circuit’. ‘Krishna Circuit’ embraces inherent mythology and beliefs pertaining to Lord Krishna and includes different place of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujrat, and Odisha for tourism facilitation. This scheme is alleged to contribute significantly in increasing the attractiveness of certain religious tourist destinations. Tourism entrepreneurs like hoteliers, restaurant owners, tour operators, travel agencies as well as religious entrepreneurs (Shinde, 2010) such as religious gurus, priests and managers of temples and ashrams are expected to get benefited from the initiatives proposed in the scheme in varied ways. Given the significant role of this scheme for growth of entrepreneurs, the present study aims to highlight the challenges faced by entrepreneurs that deserve attention of policy makers.

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