scholarly journals The Convoluted Tubules of the Nephron Must Be Considered Elliptical, and Not Circular, in Stereological Studies of the Kidney

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marta Ortega-Martinez ◽  
Vanessa Gutierrez-Davila ◽  
Esthefania Gutierrez-Arenas ◽  
Alberto Niderhauser-Garcia ◽  
Ricardo M. Cerda-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Software ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Image Analysis Software ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Elliptical Area ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The diameter and area of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are of the main parameters analyzed in stereological studies of the kidney. However, there is no consensus about if the PCT and DCT should be considered circular or elliptical in shape. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To analyze if there are significant differences in the diameter and area of the PCT and DCT, depending on whether they are considered circular or elliptical. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Paraffin-embedded sections of kidneys from CD1 mice were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using a light microscope. Images were captured using a camera linked to image analysis software. A short diameter (<i>d</i>) and a long diameter (<i>D</i>) were measured in both PCT and DCT. A small circular area (SCA), a large circular area (LCA), and an elliptical area (EA) were calculated with mathematical formulas that incorporate <i>d</i> and <i>D</i> values, while a program area (PA) was provided by the software. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a significant difference between <i>d</i> and <i>D</i> in both PCT (<i>F</i> = 1.354, Sig = 0.000) and DCT (<i>F</i> = 4.989, Sig = 0.000). Also, there were significant differences in the tubular areas in both PCT (<i>F</i> = 34.843, Sig = 0.000) and DCT (<i>F</i> = 22.390, Sig = 0.000); circular areas were different from elliptical areas (SCA and LCA vs. EA and PA). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The convoluted tubules of the nephron must not be considered circular, but rather elliptical; care should be taken every time the tubules are analyzed in stereological studies of the kidney, especially when evaluating their diameters and areas.

Per pass analysis of thrombus composition retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110091
Author(s):  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
Peter Kvamme ◽  
Kennith F Layton ◽  
Ricardo A Hanel ◽  
Mohammed A Almekhlafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
P Values ◽  
Image Analysis Software ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation

Background and aim Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion often requires multiple passes to retrieve the entire thrombus load. In this multi-institutional study we sought to examine the composition of thrombus fragments retrieved with each pass during MT. Methods Patients who required multiple passes during thrombectomy were included. Histopathological evaluation of thrombus fragments retrieved from each pass was performed using Martius Scarlet Blue staining and the composition of each thrombus component including RBC, fibrin and platelet was determined using image analysis software. Results 154 patients underwent MT and 868 passes was performed which resulted in 263 thrombus fragments retrieval. The analysis of thrombus components per pass showed higher RBC, lower fibrin and platelet composition in the pass 1 and 2 when compared to pass 3 and passes 4 or more combined (P values <0.05). There were no significant differences between thrombus fragments retrieved in pass 1 and pass 2 in terms of RBC, WBC, fibrin, and platelet composition (P values >0.05). Similarly, when each composition of thrombus fragments retrieved in pass 3 and passes 4 or more combined were compared with each other, no significant difference was noted (P values >0.05). Conclusion Our findings confirm that thrombus fragments retrieved with each pass differed significantly in histological content. Fragments in the first passes were associated with lower fibrin and platelet composition compared to fragments retrieved in passes three and four or higher. Also, thrombus fragments retrieved after failed pass were associated with higher fibrin and platelet components.

Aberrant β-catenin activity in hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Rui Kong ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Confusion ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Background: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) has been recognized as a rare primary gastric tumor characterized by hepatocellular carcinoma-like histology. HAS often causes diagnostic confusion with conventional gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) due to the difficulty to detect hepatoid differentiation solely based on findings from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Hence, HAS should be distinguished from solid-type CGA based on their different biological behaviors. β-catenin is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is involved in the maintenance of tumor initiating cells, drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. Methods and Results: Given the dearth of HAS cases, systematic examination of the expression of β-catenin in HAS remains under-explored. In this study, 14 cases were subjected to immunostaining with with AFP, β-catenin, glypican3, hepar-1 and CerbB-2. In parallel, the clinicopathological characteristics of these patients were collected. We detected statistically significant difference in the expression of β-catenin (P = 0.000), glypican3 (P = 0.019), and hepar-1 (P = 0.007) between HAS cancer tissues and the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the expression of β-catenin in HAS cancer tissue and adjacent tissue (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.686, P = 0.007). Moreover, in cancer tissues, a significant correlation was observed between the expression of β-catenin and survival time (Spearman correlationcoefficient= - 0.482, P = 0.003). However, we found the expression of β-catenin did not correlate with the degree of tumor differentiation and tumor size, age, gender, serum AFP levels, microinvasion, and metastasis (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings establish β-catenin as a useful marker that can distinguish HAS from CGA and may improve the early diagnosis to guide the appropriate and timely treatment of HAS patients.

scholarly journals Maize-IAS: a maize image analysis software using deep learning for high-throughput plant phenotyping

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhou ◽  
Xiujuan Chai ◽  
Zixuan Yang ◽  
Hongwu Wang ◽  
Chenxue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Batch Processing ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Image Analysis Software ◽  
Maize Growth

Abstract Background Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food sources in the world and has been one of the main targets of plant genetics and phenotypic research for centuries. Observation and analysis of various morphological phenotypic traits during maize growth are essential for genetic and breeding study. The generally huge number of samples produce an enormous amount of high-resolution image data. While high throughput plant phenotyping platforms are increasingly used in maize breeding trials, there is a reasonable need for software tools that can automatically identify visual phenotypic features of maize plants and implement batch processing on image datasets. Results On the boundary between computer vision and plant science, we utilize advanced deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks to empower the workflow of maize phenotyping analysis. This paper presents Maize-IAS (Maize Image Analysis Software), an integrated application supporting one-click analysis of maize phenotype, embedding multiple functions: (I) Projection, (II) Color Analysis, (III) Internode length, (IV) Height, (V) Stem Diameter and (VI) Leaves Counting. Taking the RGB image of maize as input, the software provides a user-friendly graphical interaction interface and rapid calculation of multiple important phenotypic characteristics, including leaf sheath points detection and leaves segmentation. In function Leaves Counting, the mean and standard deviation of difference between prediction and ground truth are 1.60 and 1.625. Conclusion The Maize-IAS is easy-to-use and demands neither professional knowledge of computer vision nor deep learning. All functions for batch processing are incorporated, enabling automated and labor-reduced tasks of recording, measurement and quantitative analysis of maize growth traits on a large dataset. We prove the efficiency and potential capability of our techniques and software to image-based plant research, which also demonstrates the feasibility and capability of AI technology implemented in agriculture and plant science.

Image analysis software and sample preparation demands

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl n. Roth ◽  
Knut Wenzelides ◽  
Guenter Wolf ◽  
Peter Hufnagl
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Image Analysis Software

scholarly journals MUC1 and MUC5AC Acting on Helicobacter pylori-Related Deficiency and Solid Syndrome of Spleen and Stomach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ling Hu ◽  
Wanqun Chen ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Shaoyang Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tai Ji ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Heat Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship of MUC1, MUC5AC, and the syndrome of spleen and stomach, 109 subjects (34 peptic ulcer (PU), 62 chronic gastritis (CG), and 13 healthy volunteers (CON)) were included. All the subjects included were surveyed with questionnaire to classify them into damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach (DHSS), spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQD), and CON, examined by gastric endoscope, and biopsied. Rapid urease and methylene blue staining (MBS) were performed on every subject to diagnose for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and both were defined as Hp-positive. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on every specimen to explore the histomorphology, inflammatory degree, and inflammatory activity of different groups; then Elivision™ plus kit was used to test the expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC. All the results of digital images were reviewed by two experts blindly. The inflammatory degree with Hp infection was higher than those uninfected or CON, but no significant difference was found between DHSS and SQD. And the expressions of MUC5AC with positive Hp was higher than those with negative Hp or CON regardless of the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach but not for MUC1. We speculate that the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach is a condition like Tai Ji symbol of dynamic equilibrium, showing the higher expression of MUC5AC but no change of MUC1 in the circumstance of Hp infection.

Estimation of bodyweight from body measurements and determination of body measurements on Limousin cattle using digital image analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Ozkaya ◽  
Wojciech Neja ◽  
Sylwia Krezel-Czopek ◽  
Adam Oler
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Image Analysis Software

The objective of this study was to predict bodyweight and estimate body measurements of Limousin cattle using digital image analysis (DIA). Body measurements including body length, wither height, chest depth, and hip height of cattle were determined both manually (by measurements stick) and by using DIA. Body area was determined by using DIA. The images of Limousin cattle were taken while cattle were standing in a squeeze chute by a digital camera and analysed by image analysis software to obtain body measurements of each animal. While comparing the actual and predicted body measurements, the accuracy was determined as 98% for wither height, 97% for hip height, 94% for chest depth and 90.6% for body length. Regression analysis between body area and bodyweight yielded an equation with R2 of 61.5%. The regression equation, which included all body traits, resulted in an R2 value of 88.7%. The results indicated that DIA can be used for accurate prediction of body measurements and bodyweight of Limousin cattle.

Research on image analysis software for elevator brake wheel monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangchang Feng ◽  
Pengzhao Zhang ◽  
Wenhao Shen ◽  
Pengbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Image Analysis Software
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