A Developmental Study of Mirror-Gazing-Induced Anomalous Self-Experiences and Self-Reported Schizotypy from 7 to 28 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mélodie Derome ◽  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽  
Giovanni Battista Caputo ◽  
Martin Debbané
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Mirror Gazing

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The mirror-gazing task (MGT) is an experimental paradigm inducing anomalous perceptions and anomalous experiences of self-face (ASEs) in the general population, ranging from changes in light and color, to face deformation, to experiencing one’s specular image as another identity. Subclinical ASEs have been related to the emergence of the risk for developing psychotic disorders, and inducing such states in the general population could shed light on the factors underlying interindividual differences in proneness to these phenomena. We aimed to examine the influence of schizotypal personality traits on proneness to experiencing induced ASEs from a developmental perspective, from childhood to adulthood. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two hundred and sixteen children, adolescents, and young adults participated in the MGT, and their schizotypal personality traits were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Statistical analyses assessed the relationship between schizotypy dimensions and induced ASEs, and we further tested their dynamic relationship as function of age (from childhood to adulthood). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Results confirmed the developmental trajectory of the different schizotypy dimensions, with scores peaking during adolescence, and proneness to induced ASEs seemed to follow a similar developmental trajectory. Moreover, positive (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and disorganized (<i>p</i> = 0.004) dimensions were found to contribute to the proneness to experiencing induced ASEs. Finally, the developmental model showed that positive schizotypy (<i>p</i> = 0.035) uniquely distinguished between experiencing other-identity phenomena between childhood and adulthood. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study has the potential to inform research on early detection of psychosis through a developmental approach and links the concept of schizotypy with processes of perceptual self-distortions.

scholarly journals The developmental trajectory of bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duffy ◽  
Julie Horrocks ◽  
Sarah Doucette ◽  
Charles Keown-Stoneman ◽  
Shannon McCloskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Stages

BackgroundBipolar disorder is highly heritable and therefore longitudinal observation of children of affected parents is important to mapping the early natural history.AimsTo model the developmental trajectory of bipolar disorder based on the latest findings from an ongoing prospective study of the offspring of parents with well-characterised bipolar disorder.MethodA total of 229 offspring from families in which 1 parent had confirmed bipolar disorder and 86 control offspring were prospectively studied for up to 16 years. High-risk offspring were divided into subgroups based on the parental long-term response to lithium. Offspring were clinically assessed and DSM-IV diagnoses determined on masked consensus review using best estimate procedure. Adjusted survival analysis and generalised estimating equations were used to calculate differences in lifetime psychopathology. Multistate models were used to examine the progression through proposed clinical stages.ResultsHigh-risk offspring had an increased lifetime risk of a broad spectrum of disorders including bipolar disorder (hazard ratio (HR) = 20.89; P = 0.04), major depressive disorder (HR = 17.16; P = 0.004), anxiety (HR = 2.20; P = 0.03), sleep (HR = 28.21; P = 0.02) and substance use disorders (HR = 2.60; P = 0.05) compared with controls. However, only offspring from lithium non-responsive parents developed psychotic disorders. Childhood anxiety disorder predicted an increased risk of major mood disorder and evidence supported a progressive transition through clinical stages, from non-specific psychopathology to depressive and then manic or psychotic episodes.ConclusionsFindings underscore the importance of a developmental approach in conjunction with an appreciation of familial risk to facilitate earlier accurate diagnosis in symptomatic youth.

Personality of Clown Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Big Five Personality

Abstract. In recent years, both professional and volunteer clowns have become familiar in health settings. The clown represents a peculiar humorist’s character, strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the Big Five personality traits (BFI) of 155 Italian clown doctors (130 volunteers and 25 professionals) were compared to published data for the normal population. This study highlighted specific differences between clown doctors and the general population: Clown doctors showed higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, as well as lower neuroticism compared to other people. Moreover, specific differences emerged comparing volunteers and professionals: Professional clowns showed significantly lower in agreeableness compared to their unpaid colleagues. The results are also discussed with reference to previous studies conducted on groups of humorists. Clowns’ personalities showed some peculiarities that can help to explain the facility for their performances in the health setting and that are different than those of other groups of humorists.

scholarly journals Does variation in trait schizotypy and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol? A mega-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112095960
Author(s):  
Abigail M Freeman ◽  
Claire Mokrysz ◽  
Chandni Hindocha ◽  
Will Lawn ◽  
Celia JA Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Psychotomimetic Effects

Background: While the acute effects of cannabis are relatively benign for most users, some individuals experience significant adverse effects. This study aimed to identify whether variation in schizotypal personality traits and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Methods: Individual participant data from four double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, acute crossover studies involving 128 cannabis users were combined for a mega-analysis. Using multilevel linear models and moderation analyses, frequency of cannabis use and schizotypal personality traits were investigated as potential moderators of the subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of acute THC. Results: There was evidence of a moderating effect where increased frequency of cannabis use was associated with reduced intensity of subjective (changes in alertness and feeling stoned) and psychosis-like effects following THC when compared with placebo. Moderating effects of cannabis use frequency on acute memory impairment were weak. Trait schizotypy did not moderate the acute psychosis-like effects of THC compared with placebo. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern of domain-specific tolerance develops to the acute effects of THC. Tolerance to the alertness-reducing effects occurred more readily than tolerance to psychotomimetic effects. Only partial tolerance to feeling stoned was found, and there was weak evidence for tolerance to memory impairment. Trait schizotypy did not moderate THC’s effects on psychotomimetic symptoms.

Schizotypal personality traits and deception: The role of self-awareness

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson L Barnacz ◽  
Amanda Johnson ◽  
Paul Constantino ◽  
Julian Paul Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Schizotypal Personality

Overlap between autistic and schizotypal personality traits is not accounted for by anxiety and depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mealey ◽  
Gavin Abbott ◽  
Linda K. Byrne ◽  
Jane McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Schizotypal Personality

scholarly journals The role of rumination in illness trajectories in youth: linking trans-diagnostic processes with clinical staging models

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2467-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Grierson ◽  
I. B. Hickie ◽  
S. L. Naismith ◽  
J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Co Morbidity

Research in developmental psychopathology and clinical staging models has increasingly sought to identify trans-diagnostic biomarkers or neurocognitive deficits that may play a role in the onset and trajectory of mental disorders and could represent modifiable treatment targets. Less attention has been directed at the potential role of cognitive-emotional regulation processes such as ruminative response style. Maladaptive rumination (toxic brooding) is a known mediator of the association between gender and internalizing disorders in adolescents and is increased in individuals with a history of early adversity. Furthermore, rumination shows moderate levels of genetic heritability and is linked to abnormalities in neural networks associated with emotional regulation and executive functioning. This review explores the potential role of rumination in exacerbating the symptoms of alcohol and substance misuse, and bipolar and psychotic disorders during the peak age range for illness onset. Evidence shows that rumination not only amplifies levels of distress and suicidal ideation, but also extends physiological responses to stress, which may partly explain the high prevalence of physical and mental co-morbidity in youth presenting to mental health services. In summary, the normative developmental trajectory of rumination and its role in the evolution of mental disorders and physical illness demonstrates that rumination presents a detectable, modifiable trans-diagnostic risk factor in youth.

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