scholarly journals RMEER: Reliable Multi-path Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Mukhtiar Ahmed ◽  
Mazleena Salleh ◽  
M. Ibrahim Channa ◽  
Mohd Foad Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Efficient Route

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is interesting area for researchers.To extract the information from seabed to water surface the the majority numbers of routing protocols has been introduced. The design of routing protocols faces many challenges like deployment of sensor nodes, controlling of node mobility, development of efficient route for data forwarding, prolong the battery power of the sensor nodes, and removal of void nodes from active data forwarding paths. This research article focuses the design of the Reliable Multipath Energy Efficient Routing (RMEER) which develops the efficient route between sensor nodes, and prolongs the battery life of the nodes. RMEER is a scalable and robust protocol which utilizes the powerful fixed courier nodes in order to enhance the network throughput, data delivery ratio, network lifetime and reduces the end-to-end delay. RMEER is also an energy efficient routing protocol for saving the energy level of the nodes. We have used the NS2.30 simulator with AquaSim package for performance analysis of RMEER.We observed that the simulation performance of RMEER is better than D-DBR protocol.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR INCREASING LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Tanya Pathak ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Anurag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In the recent years, an efficient design of a Wireless Sensor Network has become important in the area of research. The major challenges in the design of Wireless Sensor Network is to improve the network lifetime. The main difficulty for sensor node is to survive in that monitoring area for the longer time that means there is a need to increase the lifetime of the sensor nodes by optimizing the energy and distance. There are various existing routing protocols in which optimal routing can be achieved like Data-Centric, Hierarchical and Location-based routing protocols. In this paper, new power efficient routing protocol is being proposed that not only select the shortest path between the source node and sink node for data transmission but also maximizes the lifetime of the participating nodes by selecting the best path for sending the data packet across the network. The main objective of this research is to develop a faster algorithm to find the energy efficient route for Wireless Sensor Network. Simulation results shows that this strategy achieves long network lifetime when compared to the other standard protocols.

scholarly journals Novel Vector based Forwarding Protocol and Efficient Depth based Routing Protocol Acoustic Underwater Wireless Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thiagarajan ◽  
V. Balajivijayan ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy ◽  
I. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Acoustic Channel

Abstract Underwater Wireless Sensor Network offers broad coverage of low data rate acoustic sensor networks, scalability and energy saving routing protocols. Moreover the major problem in underwater networks is energy consumption, which arises due to lower bandwidth and propagation delays. An underwater wireless sensor network frequently employs acoustic channel communications since radio signals not worked in deep water. The transmission of data packets and energy-efficient routing are constraints for the unique characteristics of underwater. The challenging issue is an efficient routing protocol for UWSNs. Routing protocols take advantage of localization sensor nodes. Many routing protocols have been proposed for sensing nodes through a localization process. Here we proposed a Novel vector-based forwarding and efficient depth-based routing protocol. The proposed novel vector-based forwarding provides robust, scalable, and energy-efficient routing. It easily transfers nodes from source to destination. It adopts the localized and distributed alternation that allows nodes to weigh transferring packets and decreases energy consumption and provides better optimal paths. Efficient depth-based routing is a stochastic model that will succeed in a high transmission loss of the acoustic channel. The simulation was used to compare the energy consumption, network lifetime in the form of depth-based routing, delivery ratio, and vector-based forwarding to prove the optimal route finding paths and data transmission propagation delay.

scholarly journals Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols by Clustering and Load balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharati. S.Shetty ◽  
Suresha .
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Information And Communication

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is consisting of nodes which deployed to sense the physical environment. In WSN there is excessive growth in performance evaluation and analysis techniques, because of fast development in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The main resource problem in WSN is the energy of sensor nodes. There is need of routing protocol which consumes less energy during communication. A reliable and robust routing protocol which limits the excess energy consumed by nodes during forwarding and receiving messages results in energy efficiency protocol. This survey work provides the advantages, drawbacks and comparison of five energy efficient routing protocols.  

scholarly journals A Survey on hierarchical cluster-based energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humera Khan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Network is a widely growing field and it comprises of tiny sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are distributed in the environment spatially. They are capable of sensing the environment, gathering the information and processing it. Each sensor node collaborate with other sensor nodes for processing the information. Sensor nodes have very limited resources available for their operation. For the purpose of consuming resources in an efficient way several routing algorithms are employed. Here the focus is mainly on hierarchical cluster based routing techniques. In this paper we provide an introduction for wireless sensor network, the requirement for reduction in energy consumption of sensor nodes and some of the already existing energy efficient routing protocols of wireless sensor network.

scholarly journals Some aspects of Routing Protocols at Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 6654-6658
Author(s):  
Irfan Shaqiri ◽  
Aristotel Tentov
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In this paper we give an overview of some routing protocols which can improve the efficiency and scalability of wireless sensor networks. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. WSN are generally used to monitor activities and report events, such as pollution parameters, healthcare issues, fire info etc. in a specific area or environment. It routs data back to the Base Station (BS). Data transmission is usually a multi-hop from node to node towards the BS. This type of networks is limited in power, computational and communication bandwidth. The main goal of all researchers is to find out the energy efficient routing protocol which will improve considerably networks resources in term of prolonging lifetime of sensor nodes. Also we highlight the various routing protocol with advantages and limitations as well. 

scholarly journals POWER AWARE AND ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL (PAEERP) FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
R. PREMA ◽  
R. RANGARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Power And Energy

Several wireless sensor network applications have to to decide the inherent discrepancy between energy efficient communication, power aware routing and the requirement to attain preferred quality of service (QoS) such as packet delivery ratio, delay and to reduce the power and energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. In addition to that the protocols which are developed aims in providing better QoS. For addressing this challenge, we propose the Power Aware and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (PAEERP), which attains application-specified communication delays at low energy cost by dynamically adapting transmission power and routing decisions along with incorporating a novel cryptosystem. Through extensive simulation in NS2 the results prove that the proposed PAEERP attains lesser delay with reduced power and energy consumption.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

Combined Design of Localization and Routing

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 1696-1699
Author(s):  
Cai Xia Li ◽  
Nai Bo Wang ◽  
Qi Ying Cao ◽  
Hong Gang Liu ◽  
Xin Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Network Localization ◽  
Location Algorithm

Nodes self-localization and routing are two main research issues in wireless sensor networks. There are quite a few publications about sensor network localization or routing protocols, but seldom person combines them in their research work. In this paper, we combine a novel TOA location technique and a new centralized energy-efficient routing protocol. The performance of the combination is then simulated by software. Simulation results show that the routing based on the positions got by our location algorithm is as good as the routing based on true positions and can afford most application demands.

scholarly journals FCERP: A Novel WSNs Fuzzy Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Zainab Alansari ◽  
Mohammed Siddique ◽  
Mohammed Waleed Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Energy Consuming

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are set of sensor nodes to monitor and detect transmitted data to the sink. WSNs face significant challenges in terms of node energy availability, which may impact network sustainability. As a result, developing protocols and algorithms that make the best use of limited resources, particularly energy resources, is critical issues for designing WSNs. Routing algorithms, for example, are unique algorithms as they have a direct and effective relationship with lifetime of network and energy. The available routing protocols employ single-hop data transmission to the sink and clustering per round. In this paper, a Fuzzy Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (FCERP) that lower the WSNs energy consuming and increase the lifetime of network is proposed. FCERP introduces a new cluster-based fuzzy routing protocol capable of utilizing clustering and multiple hop routing features concurrently using a threshold limit. A novel aspect of this research is that it avoids clustering per round while considering using fixed threshold and adapts multi-hop routing by predicting the best intermediary node for clustering and the sink. Some Fuzzy factors such as residual energy, neighbors amount, and distance to sink considered when deciding which intermediary node to use.

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