scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AMONG ADULT IJAWS IN BAYELSA STATE OF NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
E. I. Edibamode ◽  
K. Mordi ◽  
L. K. David ◽  
A. M. Eghoi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background. External ear measurement is of utmost importance in reconstructive surgeries. Objectives. The present study is aimed at ascertaining sexual dimorphism in external ear anthropometry and ear lobe attachments among adults Ijaws in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 112 adults within the age range of 18-50 yrs, who met the inclusion criteria, were involved in the study. Four linear dimensions of the ear, which are ear length (EL), ear width (EW), lobular length (LL) and lobular width (LW), were measured for both genders. The lobular attachment for both ears for males and females were also examined and results recorded. These data were subjected to Student t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation using SPSS version 20.0. Results. The mean values for EL, EW, LL, and LW for the left auricle in the males and females were 58.14±0.60, 27.41±0.37, 14.47±0.27, 13.50±0.34 and 57.90±0.16, 27.45±0.65, 15.41±0.31, 13.43±0.38 respectively. However, for the right auricle in the males and females, the values were 58.40±0.45, 28.21±0.68, 14.32±0.31, 13.04±0.32, and 56.66±1.10, 27.51±0.65, 15.58±0.29, 13.28±0.34 respectively. The left and right lobular length were the only parameters that proved statistical significance (p<0.05) in females compare to males. Pearson’s correlations between right and left sides for each of the parameters were positive and significant. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between earlobe attachments and gender. Conclusions. Sexual dimorphism was thus established in the Ijaw population as regards lobular length dimensions. It is believed that the results of this study would be very useful for ear morphology and reconstructive surgeries.

scholarly journals Patterns of palatal rugae as an indicator of identification in young adults of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Sushmita Shrestha ◽  
Vinay Marla ◽  
Navin Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Dental Plaster ◽  
Plaster Casts

Background & Objectives: The current study was conducted to identify and determine the association between gender and characteristics of palatal rugae in Nepalese population.  Materials & Methods: Characteristics of palatal rugae including number, length, shape, direction and unification were analyzed in 100 maxillary dental plaster casts.  Association between palatal rugae and gender were tested using chi square analysis and statistical descriptors were identified using SPSS 10.0 keeping the level of statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: A total of 997 rugae were traced. Females were found to have more rugae than males though statistically not significant. In the present study significant difference in secondary (p=0.012), fragmentary (p=0.005), straight (p=0.001) and perpendicular directed (p<0.0001) palatal rugae were observed, which were higher among females. Forward directed followed by backward were predominantly observed and more among females. Wavy followed by curved, straight and circular rugae was the most prevalent shape.Conclusion: No two individual had similar rugae pattern. They can be used to identify people and differentiate between males and females in addition to other tools of identification and has great application in forensic science.

scholarly journals Incidence of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First Molars in Palestinian Population: A Clinical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Mukhaimer ◽  
Zafer Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
American University ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palestinian Population ◽  
Mandibular First Molar

Purpose. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate clinically the percentage of permanent mandibular first molar teeth with three roots amongst Palestinian population. Patients and Methods. Three hundred twenty-two mandibular first molars from 185 females and 137 males scheduled for root canal treatment at the Dental Center of the Arab American University were examined over a 2-year period. The incidence of a third root revealed by periapical radiographs and the comparison of the occurrence between males and females and between the right and left sides of the mandible were recorded. Statistical Analysis. It was performed using the chi-square test with a significant level set at P<0.05%. Results. Of the 322 treated mandibular first molars, twelve teeth were found to have a third root with an overall incidence being 3.73%. More teeth with a third root were treated on the right side of the mandible compared to the left side. Conclusion. The incidence of a third root in Palestinian population was within the range of previous reports from the Middle East but considerably lower than the percentage from the Far East.

scholarly journals Assessment of first molars sagittal and rotational position in Class II, division 1 malocclusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Estevão Scanavini ◽  
Renata Pilli Jóias ◽  
Maria Helena Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽  
Marco Antonio Scanavini ◽  
Luiz Renato Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the anterior-posterior positioning of the upper and lower first molars, and the degree of rotation of the upper first molars in individuals with Class II, division 1, malocclusion. METHODS: Asymmetry I, an accurate device, was used to assess sixty sets of dental casts from 27 females and 33 males, aged between 12 and 21 years old, with bilateral Class II, division 1. The sagittal position of the molars was determined by positioning the casts onto the device, considering the midpalatal suture as a symmetry reference, and then measuring the distance between the mesial marginal ridge of the most distal molar and the mesial marginal ridge of its counterpart. With regard to the degree of rotation of the upper molar, the distance between landmarks on the mesial marginal ridge was measured. Chi-square test with a 5% significance level was used to verify the variation in molars position. Student's t test at 5% significance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A great number of lower molars mesially positioned was registered, and the comparison between the right and left sides also demonstrated a higher number of mesially positioned molars on the right side of both arches. The average rotation of the molars was found to be 0.76 mm and 0.93 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference was detected between the mean values of molars mesialization regardless of the side and arch. Molars rotation, measured in millimeters, represented ¼ of Class II.

scholarly journals OCENA DYMORFIZMU PŁCIOWEGO WSKAŹNIKA DŁUGOŚCI PALCÓW (2D:4D)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Mularczyk ◽  
Angelika Ziętek-Czeszak ◽  
Zbigniew Ziętek
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Finger Length Ratio

Introduction: Studies on many populations have shown that the length of the second finger (2D) compared to the fourth (4D), expressed as the finger length ratio (2D:4D), might be characteristic for sexual dimorphism. It was also found that the values of 2D:4D differ significantly between examined populations. It is thought that the value of 2D:4D is determined in early foetal life under the influence of genetic factors and the strong influence of sex hormones. It has been proven that the values of 2D:4D are related to, for instance, sexual orientation, and artistic and sporting ability. Recently, increasing interest in the clinical significance of finger length ratio in the diagnosis of somatic and mental disorders has been observed. For example, it was found that values of 2D:4D in individuals suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia or autism were significantly lower compared to healthy subjects. The aim of the study was to determine sexual dimorphism in finger length ratio among representatives of the Polish population.Materials and methods: The study group comprised 115 people (57 females and 58 males). Anthropometric measurements were taken from the second and fourth finger of the right and left hands – from the point of dactylion (da) to pseudophalangion (pph) using analogue callipers. We calculated the significance of differences in 2D:4D between males and females separately for the right and left hands.Results: In both hands mean 2D:4D values were lower in males than in females. The difference in the right hand reached the statistical significance level with p < 0.05.Conclusions: Among the subjects from the examined population the 2D:4D ratio shows trends characteristic for sexual dimorphism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Smile Line in Natural and Forced Smile Position: An Institution-based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Binam Sapkota ◽  
Shatakshi Srivastava ◽  
Sushmit Koju ◽  
Ritesh Srii
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Type ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Smile line is a major factor considered in esthetic treatment planning.Objective: To assess the position of the smile line both in natural and forced position in relation to age and gender in Nepali population sample.Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done in 220 adults. DSLR camera was used to take photograph of the participants. Two different photographs were taken of each participant in natural and forced smile position in standardized format. The smile lines were determined and classified according to Liebart et al. Data analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 software. Chi square test was performed to analyze statistical significance between the gender and age groupsResult: Maximum individuals had low type of natural smile (59.1%) and average type of forced smile (40.0%). Very few individuals had very high type of natural smile (1.4%) and very high type of forced smile (15.9%). Among all, 41% had visibility of the periodontium during normal smile while on forced smile 79.1% had visibility of the periodontium.Conclusion: Females have significantly more periodontal visibility when compared to males during forced smile in Nepali population sample. This concept of smile line should be utilized for treatment planning to achieve desirable facial esthetics in many fields of dentistry including Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, Periodontics, Restorative Dentistry. 

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the decision time for seeking care in acute myocardial infarction

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carneiro Mussi ◽  
Mariana de Almeida Moraes Gibaut ◽  
Carla Almeida Damasceno ◽  
Andreia Santos Mendes ◽  
Armênio Costa Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Decision Times

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to analyze the interaction of gender in the association between decision time for seeking healthcare services and the sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD: this exploratory, cross-sectional study was performed with 100 individuals interviewed in hospitals in Salvador, Bahia. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and the robust linear regression model were used in the analysis. A statistical significance of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: men and women presented long decision times. The decision time was less for smokers and those with constant and/or severe pain. There was an interaction between gender and smoking and between gender and pain radiating to the neck or jaw for the decision time outcome. CONCLUSION: decision times were long and were influenced by clinical and gender variables. The study provides support for nursing care practices focused on the specificity of these factors and of the genders aiming to reduce the decision time.

scholarly journals The Use of Compliment Response Strategies among Iranian Learners of English: Researching Interlocutors' Relative Power and Gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sa’d
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

This article reports on a study that set out to investigate how Iranian EFL learners respond to compliments in English. The data were collected using a discourse completion task (DCT) consisting of a variety of situations that required the participants, 26 EFL learners (13 males and 13 females) to respond to compliments directed at them. The data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. To this end, the participants’ responses were coded according to a coding scheme adopted from Yu (2004) which identified six compliment response strategies (CRSs). The findings indicated that, regardless of or concerning gender and power (–P and =P), the first three most frequent CR strategies included “Acceptance”, “Combination” and “Amendment”. These findings were then analyzed in light of previous similar studies that revealed that the participants had followed their first cultural norms not only in usingthe strategies mentioned above but also in employing very infrequently such strategies as “Face Relationship”, “No acknowledgment”, and “Nonacceptance”. As regards the role of gender, a Chi-square test was run which showed that males and females differed significantly in their use of CRSs. Furthermore, males used more CR strategies compared to females.The qualitative analysis of the semantic formulas of the CR strategies also revealed that, by accepting a compliment, Iranian EFL learners sought agreement and consequently relied on positive politeness to foster rapport and solidarity.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Mandibular Teeth Treated by Single Visit RCT and Multi Visit RCT in an Indian Population- A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 679-685
Author(s):  
Mulumoodi Rama Sowmya ◽  
Raghu Sandhya ◽  
Adimalupu Hima Sandeep
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of mandibular teeth treated by single visit root canal treatment (RCT) and multi-visit RCT in a group of the Indian population. With the approval of the Institutional Review Board of Saveetha Dental college, the data of 3887 patients between June 2019 to March 2020 were retrieved and analysed. Data was collected from 3887 patients and were divided into the criteria of a single visit and multi-visit RCT. The data were tabulated into excel sheets under the headings age, gender, teeth, type of treatment. It was an Institutional based Retrospective study. It was observed that there was a statistically significant association in the age and gender of patients who underwent single visit and multi-visit RCT in mandibular teeth. The probability value P<0.05 was obtained after performing a Chi-square test, showing that multi-visit RCT cases (59.9%)were higher than single visit RCT (40.56%). Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the frequency of multi-visit RCT was higher in mandibular teeth compared to single visit RCT. Frequency of multi-visit RCT was higher in mandibular molars followed by second premolars in comparison to single visit RCT. The frequency of multi-visit RCT was higher in both males and females compared to single visit RCT.

scholarly journals Reliability of Duo Chrome Test in Different Age Groups Considering Patient Satisfaction as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehwa Mazhar ◽  
Rabia Manzoor ◽  
Shazia Kanwal ◽  
Ghazala Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Purpose:  To check the reliability of the duo-chrome test in different age groups after best correction. Study Design:  Descriptive, Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study:  College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences. King Edward Medical University, Lahore from September 2019 – December 2019. Methods:  Forty two cooperative patients of both genders more than 15 years of age were included but patients with poor fixation, any opacity or any other ocular pathology were excluded. Equipment used was Trial box Trial frame Auto-refractor and Snellen Chart. Group 1 composed of 17 patients (15 – 35 years of age). Group 2 (36 – 60 years) had 15 patients and group 3 (age 61-80 years) comprised of 10 patients. Data was collected on self-designed Performa. Duo Chrome was dependent variable and gender was independent variable. Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS22.00) and chi square test was applied. Results:  Out 42, 21 patients reported red, 12 reported green and 9 patients reported equally clear in the right eye. P value=0.156 showed that duo chrome test was equally reliable in every age group in the right eye. Similar results with p = 0.755 showed that duo chrome test was equally reliable in every age group in the left eye. Test when performed bilaterally, showed similar results. Out of 42 patients, 32 were satisfied and 10 were not satisfied with the test. Conclusion: Red Green duo-chrome test is equally reliable in all age groups to confirm refraction. Key Words: Duo chrome test, Refraction, Myopia, Hypermetropia.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

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