scholarly journals Relationship between multiple drug resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from medical and non-medical personnel in Yaounde, Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Bedie Eyoh ◽  
Michel Toukam ◽  
Julius Atashili ◽  
Charles Fokunang ◽  
Hortense Gonsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Multiple Drug

MRSA REMAINS A GREAT PRIORITY DUE TO THE TREMENDOUS MORTALITY --- A BIRD'S EYE VIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Rao M. V ◽  
Mubasheer Ali ◽  
Yogendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Dilip Mathai ◽  
Tina Priscilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Benzyl Penicillin ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difcult to treat with methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and other commonly used antibiotics because of its resistance. Staphylococcus organisms rapidly develop drug resistance as many as 50% of the domiciliary and 80% of the hospital strains are now penicillin resistant. Staphylococcus aureus also show multiple drug resistance. Therefore, Staphylococcal isolates should always be tested for antimicrobial sensitivity and chronic infection should be treated by more than one drug. Before 1960,when methicillin, is the rst penicillin's-resistant penicillin's, was brought into use, about 1%of the strains of the Staphylococcus aureus were "methicillin resistant" and by 1970 in Britain their proportion has risen to about 5%.These strains are tolerant of, low therapeutic concentrations of methicillin, cloxacillin, benzyl penicillin and ampicillin.They do not destroy methicillin and cloxacillin, but most of them are penicillinase-producing as well as being "methicillin resistant" and therefore inactivate benzyl penicillin and ampicillin. Its resistance is uncertain since infections may be cured with a high dose of methicillin.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Antibiotic Efflux in Bacteria by the Novel Multidrug Resistance Inhibitors Biricodar (VX-710) and Timcodar (VX-853)

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4171-4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mullin ◽  
Nagraj Mani ◽  
Trudy H. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
New Class ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Antibiotic Efflux

ABSTRACT Inhibitors of mammalian multidrug efflux, such as the plant alkaloid reserpine, are also active in potentiating antibiotic activity by inhibiting bacterial efflux. Based on this precedent, two novel mammalian multiple drug resistance inhibitors, biricodar (VX-710) and timcodar (VX-853), were evaluated for activity in a variety of bacteria. Both VX-710 and VX-853 potentiated the activity of ethidium bromide (EtBr), a model efflux substrate, against three clinically significant gram-positive pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Similar to reserpine, VX-710 and VX-853 directly blocked EtBr efflux in S. aureus. Furthermore, these compounds were effective in lowering the MICs of several clinically used antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, suggesting that VX-710 and VX-853 are representatives of a new class of bacterial efflux inhibitors with the potential for use in combination therapy.

scholarly journals Emergence of Staphylococcus aureus Carrying Multiple Drug Resistance Genes on a Plasmid Encoding Exfoliative Toxin B

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6131-6140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
Hideki Hirakawa ◽  
Takayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Fudaba ◽  
Kenshiro Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin

ABSTRACTWe report the complete nucleotide sequence and analysis of pETBTY825, aStaphylococcus aureusTY825 plasmid encoding exfoliative toxin B (ETB).S. aureusTY825 is a clinical isolate obtained from an impetigo patient in 2002. The size of pETBTY825, 60.6 kbp, was unexpectedly larger than that of the archetype pETBTY4(∼30 kbp). Genomic comparison of the plasmids shows that pETBTY825has the archetype pETBTY4as the backbone and has a single large extra DNA region of 22.4 kbp. The extra DNA region contains genes for resistance to aminoglycoside [aac(6′)/aph(2″)], macrolide (msrA), and penicillin (blaZ). A plasmid deletion experiment indicated that these three resistance elements were functionally active. We retrospectively examined the resistance profile of the clinical ETB-producingS. aureusstrains isolated in 1977 to 2007 using a MIC determination with gentamicin (GM), arbekacin (ABK), and erythromycin (EM) and by PCR analyses foraac(6′)/aph(2″) andmsrAusing purified plasmid preparations. The ETB-producingS. aureusstrains began to display high resistance to GM, which was parallel with the detection ofaac(6′)/aph(2″) andmecA, after 1990. Conversely, there was no significant change in the ABK MIC during the testing period, although it had a tendency to slightly increase. After 2001, isolates resistant to EM significantly increased; however,msrAwas hardly detected in ETB-producingS. aureusstrains, and only five isolates were positive for bothaac(6′)/aph(2″) andmsrA. In this study, we report the emergence of a fusion plasmid carrying the toxin geneetband drug resistance genes. Prevalence of the pETBTY825carrier may further increase the clinical threat, since ETB-producingS. aureusis closely related to more severe impetigo or staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), which requires a general antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Hospitalized Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Ghasemian ◽  
Shahin Najar Peerayeh ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Mohsen Mirzaee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Background: The biofilm production is an important phenomenon by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus that contribute to the multiple drug resistance. Moreover, biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causes evading from immune responses. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect biofilm formation and presence of several related genes among multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Tehran, Iran from July 2012 to January 2013. Patients admitted with the infections of the different sites of the body were selected as study population. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from hospitalized patients and identified by conventional diagnostic tests. The multidrug-resistant MRSA isolates were detected by antibiotic susceptibility test. The phenotypic biofilm formation was detected by micro-titre tissue plate assay. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the mecA, Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, accessory gene regulatory (agr) genes, the icaADBC and several genes encoding staphylococcal surface proteins including clfAB, fnbAB, fib, eno, can, ebps and bbp genes with specific primers. Results: A total number of 209 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated of which 64 (30.6%) isolates were methicillin-resistant; among which 36(56.2%) isolates were MDR. These isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. All the MDR-MRSA harbored SCCmec type III. All the MDR- MRSA isolates were strong biofilm producers in the phenotypic test. Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant MRSA isolates produced biofilm strongly and the majority of these isolates harbored most of biofilm related genes.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014;1(2):27-31

scholarly journals Toxins and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Lebanon

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Tokajian ◽  
Dominik Haddad ◽  
Rana Andraos ◽  
Fuad Hashwa ◽  
George Araj
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus is of both clinical and infection control importance. Virulence determinants using PCR and multiple drug resistance profiles were studied in 130 S. aureus isolates. PCR-RFLP analysis of the 16S–23S DNA spacer region was done to investigate the level of 16S–23S ITS (internal transcribed spacer) polymorphism. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which represented 72% of the studied isolates, showed multiple drug resistance with 18% being resistant to 10–18 of the drugs used compared to a maximum resistance to 9 antibiotics with the methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. Exfoliative toxin A (ETA) was more prevalent than B (ETB) with virulent determinants being additionally detected in multiple drug-resistant isolates. 16S–23S ITS PCR-RFLP combined with sequencing of the primary product was successful in generating molecular fingerprints of S. aureus and could be used for preliminary typing. This is the first study to demonstrate the incidence of virulent genes, ACME, and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolates in Lebanon. The data presented here epitomize a starting point defining the major genetic populations of both MRSA and MSSA in Lebanon and provide a basis for clinical epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals In vivo activity of anprocide alone, and in vitro activity in combination with conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin K. Pettit ◽  
Christine A. Weber ◽  
Stacey B. Lawrence ◽  
George R. Pettit ◽  
Melissa J. Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

The alarming spread of multiple drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, combined with the frequent occurrence of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in biofilm-type infections, indicates a growing need for new therapies. The experimental steroidal amide anprocide [3β-acetoxy-17β-(l-prolyl)amino-5α-androstane] significantly reduced c.f.u. ml−1 per suture (P <0.0001) in a murine model of topical S. aureus infection. In chequerboard assays with planktonic-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis, anprocide was synergistic with bacitracin, oxacillin, clindamycin or ceftriaxone. Anprocide was also synergistic in combination with bacitracin or oxacillin against some isolates of biofilm-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis.

scholarly journals Evolution of multiple drug resistance in staphylococci

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slade O Jensen ◽  
Stephen M Kwong ◽  
Bruce R Lyon ◽  
Neville Firth
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Drug Classes

Since the dawn of the era of antibiotic therapy, beginning with the introduction of the first penicillins (�-lactams) in the 1940s, strains of Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting resistance to antibiotics have become more and more prevalent in both clinical and community settings. Foremost among these strains are the so-called methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which have gained worldwide notoriety as hospital ?superbugs?. The name MRSA belies the true nature of these organisms, as they are not only resistant to penicillin and the �-lactamase-resistant penicillins, such as methicillin, oxacillin and flucloxacillin, but are usually also resistant to a significant array of other antibiotics (Table 1), representing most of the available drug classes.

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