Antibacterial effect of S-Porphin sodium photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus and multiple drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Jia ◽  
Bingjie Mai ◽  
Shupei Liu ◽  
Zhaozhao Li ◽  
Quanhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug

MRSA REMAINS A GREAT PRIORITY DUE TO THE TREMENDOUS MORTALITY --- A BIRD'S EYE VIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Rao M. V ◽  
Mubasheer Ali ◽  
Yogendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Dilip Mathai ◽  
Tina Priscilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Benzyl Penicillin ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difcult to treat with methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and other commonly used antibiotics because of its resistance. Staphylococcus organisms rapidly develop drug resistance as many as 50% of the domiciliary and 80% of the hospital strains are now penicillin resistant. Staphylococcus aureus also show multiple drug resistance. Therefore, Staphylococcal isolates should always be tested for antimicrobial sensitivity and chronic infection should be treated by more than one drug. Before 1960,when methicillin, is the rst penicillin's-resistant penicillin's, was brought into use, about 1%of the strains of the Staphylococcus aureus were "methicillin resistant" and by 1970 in Britain their proportion has risen to about 5%.These strains are tolerant of, low therapeutic concentrations of methicillin, cloxacillin, benzyl penicillin and ampicillin.They do not destroy methicillin and cloxacillin, but most of them are penicillinase-producing as well as being "methicillin resistant" and therefore inactivate benzyl penicillin and ampicillin. Its resistance is uncertain since infections may be cured with a high dose of methicillin.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Antibiotic Efflux in Bacteria by the Novel Multidrug Resistance Inhibitors Biricodar (VX-710) and Timcodar (VX-853)

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4171-4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mullin ◽  
Nagraj Mani ◽  
Trudy H. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
New Class ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Antibiotic Efflux

ABSTRACT Inhibitors of mammalian multidrug efflux, such as the plant alkaloid reserpine, are also active in potentiating antibiotic activity by inhibiting bacterial efflux. Based on this precedent, two novel mammalian multiple drug resistance inhibitors, biricodar (VX-710) and timcodar (VX-853), were evaluated for activity in a variety of bacteria. Both VX-710 and VX-853 potentiated the activity of ethidium bromide (EtBr), a model efflux substrate, against three clinically significant gram-positive pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Similar to reserpine, VX-710 and VX-853 directly blocked EtBr efflux in S. aureus. Furthermore, these compounds were effective in lowering the MICs of several clinically used antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, suggesting that VX-710 and VX-853 are representatives of a new class of bacterial efflux inhibitors with the potential for use in combination therapy.

scholarly journals Emergence of Staphylococcus aureus Carrying Multiple Drug Resistance Genes on a Plasmid Encoding Exfoliative Toxin B

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6131-6140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
Hideki Hirakawa ◽  
Takayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Fudaba ◽  
Kenshiro Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin

ABSTRACTWe report the complete nucleotide sequence and analysis of pETBTY825, aStaphylococcus aureusTY825 plasmid encoding exfoliative toxin B (ETB).S. aureusTY825 is a clinical isolate obtained from an impetigo patient in 2002. The size of pETBTY825, 60.6 kbp, was unexpectedly larger than that of the archetype pETBTY4(∼30 kbp). Genomic comparison of the plasmids shows that pETBTY825has the archetype pETBTY4as the backbone and has a single large extra DNA region of 22.4 kbp. The extra DNA region contains genes for resistance to aminoglycoside [aac(6′)/aph(2″)], macrolide (msrA), and penicillin (blaZ). A plasmid deletion experiment indicated that these three resistance elements were functionally active. We retrospectively examined the resistance profile of the clinical ETB-producingS. aureusstrains isolated in 1977 to 2007 using a MIC determination with gentamicin (GM), arbekacin (ABK), and erythromycin (EM) and by PCR analyses foraac(6′)/aph(2″) andmsrAusing purified plasmid preparations. The ETB-producingS. aureusstrains began to display high resistance to GM, which was parallel with the detection ofaac(6′)/aph(2″) andmecA, after 1990. Conversely, there was no significant change in the ABK MIC during the testing period, although it had a tendency to slightly increase. After 2001, isolates resistant to EM significantly increased; however,msrAwas hardly detected in ETB-producingS. aureusstrains, and only five isolates were positive for bothaac(6′)/aph(2″) andmsrA. In this study, we report the emergence of a fusion plasmid carrying the toxin geneetband drug resistance genes. Prevalence of the pETBTY825carrier may further increase the clinical threat, since ETB-producingS. aureusis closely related to more severe impetigo or staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), which requires a general antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Toxins and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Lebanon

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Tokajian ◽  
Dominik Haddad ◽  
Rana Andraos ◽  
Fuad Hashwa ◽  
George Araj
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus is of both clinical and infection control importance. Virulence determinants using PCR and multiple drug resistance profiles were studied in 130 S. aureus isolates. PCR-RFLP analysis of the 16S–23S DNA spacer region was done to investigate the level of 16S–23S ITS (internal transcribed spacer) polymorphism. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which represented 72% of the studied isolates, showed multiple drug resistance with 18% being resistant to 10–18 of the drugs used compared to a maximum resistance to 9 antibiotics with the methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. Exfoliative toxin A (ETA) was more prevalent than B (ETB) with virulent determinants being additionally detected in multiple drug-resistant isolates. 16S–23S ITS PCR-RFLP combined with sequencing of the primary product was successful in generating molecular fingerprints of S. aureus and could be used for preliminary typing. This is the first study to demonstrate the incidence of virulent genes, ACME, and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolates in Lebanon. The data presented here epitomize a starting point defining the major genetic populations of both MRSA and MSSA in Lebanon and provide a basis for clinical epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals In vivo activity of anprocide alone, and in vitro activity in combination with conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin K. Pettit ◽  
Christine A. Weber ◽  
Stacey B. Lawrence ◽  
George R. Pettit ◽  
Melissa J. Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

The alarming spread of multiple drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, combined with the frequent occurrence of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in biofilm-type infections, indicates a growing need for new therapies. The experimental steroidal amide anprocide [3β-acetoxy-17β-(l-prolyl)amino-5α-androstane] significantly reduced c.f.u. ml−1 per suture (P <0.0001) in a murine model of topical S. aureus infection. In chequerboard assays with planktonic-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis, anprocide was synergistic with bacitracin, oxacillin, clindamycin or ceftriaxone. Anprocide was also synergistic in combination with bacitracin or oxacillin against some isolates of biofilm-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis.

scholarly journals Evolution of multiple drug resistance in staphylococci

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slade O Jensen ◽  
Stephen M Kwong ◽  
Bruce R Lyon ◽  
Neville Firth
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Drug Classes

Since the dawn of the era of antibiotic therapy, beginning with the introduction of the first penicillins (�-lactams) in the 1940s, strains of Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting resistance to antibiotics have become more and more prevalent in both clinical and community settings. Foremost among these strains are the so-called methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which have gained worldwide notoriety as hospital ?superbugs?. The name MRSA belies the true nature of these organisms, as they are not only resistant to penicillin and the �-lactamase-resistant penicillins, such as methicillin, oxacillin and flucloxacillin, but are usually also resistant to a significant array of other antibiotics (Table 1), representing most of the available drug classes.

scholarly journals Amplification of mecA gene in multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from hospital personnel

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad U. Khan ◽  
Ayesha Sultan ◽  
Anju Tyagi ◽  
Shazia Zahoor ◽  
Mohd Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
North India ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Background: Antibiotic resistance is common among bacterial pathogens associated with both community acquired and nosocomial infections. In view of the present problem of drug resistance we investigated the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and amplified the mecA gene in the isolates from the hand swabs of the hospital personnel. Methodology: The nuc gene was amplified to characterize these isolates at species level. The S. aureus isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The spot inoculation test was performed to detect methicillinase production in these isolates. Results: In the screened isolates of S. aureus, 14.2 and 15 kb of plasmids were present. These isolates showed pronounced resistance against β-lactam antibiotics including second- and third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides and fluoroquinolone. Some of the isolates included in this study were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Expression of methicillinase was detected by spot inoculation test, and a few of the isolates were found to produce methicillinase. Moreover, mecA gene was also amplified. Of 17 isolates only 7 showed presence of mecA gene. Conclusion: This study highlights the emerging trend of multiple drug resistance in S. aureus strains isolated from hospital personnel working in a premier hospital in North India.

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