Biofilm Formation and its Association with Multiple Drug Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Baumanii

ABSTRACT Seventy-four Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from China were subjected to drug susceptibility testing using ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin, and ofloxacin. The results revealed that the presence of embB mutations did not correlate with ethambutol resistance but was associated with multiple-drug resistance, especially resistance to both ethambutol and rifampin.

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Antimicrobial resistance and the ecology ofEscherichia coliplasmids

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s002217240006469x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. J. Platt ◽

J. S. Sommerville ◽

C. A. Kraft ◽

M. C. Timbury

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

R Plasmids ◽

High Level

SummaryFour hundred and seven clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliwere examined for the presence of plasmids. These isolates comprised 189 which were collected irrespective of antimicrobial resistance (VP) and 218 which were collected on the basis of high-level trimethoprim resistance (TPR). The VP isolates were divided into drug sensitive (VPS) and drug-resistant (VPR) subpopulations.Plasmids were detected in 88% of VP isolates (81% of VPS and 94% of VPR) and 98% of TPR isolates. The distribution of plasmids in both groups and subpopulations was very similar. However, there were small but statistically significant differences between the plasmid distributions. These showed that more isolates in the resistant groups harboured plasmids than in the sensitive subpopulation (VPS) and that the number of plasmids carried by resistant isolates was greater. Multiple drug resistance was significantly more common among TPR isolates than the VPR subpopulation and this was paralleled by increased numbers of plasmids.Fifty-eight per cent of VPR and 57% of TPR isolates transferred antimicrobial resistance and plasmids toE. coliK12. Of the R+isolates, 60% carried small plasmids (MW < 20Md) and 52% of these co-transferred with R-plasmids. These results are discussed.

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Systematic Comparative Study of Selected Antibiotics and Sulphur/ Medicinal Plant Mediated Nano-particles against Non-Leguminous Endophytic Bacteria and Clinical Isolates

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i1030192 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-56

Author(s):

Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽

Owolabi Mutolib Bankole ◽

Thonda Oluwakemi Abike ◽

Omoyungbo Emmanuel Joy ◽

Ajadi Fatima Adenike

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to the menace of resistant bacteria. Green synthesized nanoparticle (NPs) of medicinal plant based as become an alternative way out to total eradication of resistant microorganisms, Therefore, the search for new, effective bactericidal agents is imminent significantly, for combating drug resistance microorganism. This research work aims to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from five non-leguminous plants, namely Carica papaya, Helianthus annuus, Talinum fruticosum, Phoenix dactylifera, and Solanum lycopersicum. The surface of the plants were sterilized, Isolation, characterization and identification using biochemical characterization of the endophytic bacteria were examined according to Bergey’s manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The sulfur/medicinal plant mediated Nanoparticle with and without Ocimum gratissimum were tested against the endophytic bacteria and selected clinical isolates, for their antimicrobial susceptibility test as described Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method. SNP1 was prepared from sodium thiosulfate penthahydrate, citric acid, with fresh leaves of O. gratissimum and characterized by using Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer UV-3100 with a MPCF-3100 sample compartment while SNP2 was prepared using the same method but without O. gratissimum. The endophyte showed resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics family and SNP2, while all the endophytic bacteria were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), pefloxacin (100%). Streptococcus infectinalis and Cellumonas flavigena showed high susceptibility to sulfur/ plant nanoparticle mediated with Ocimum gratissimum extract (SNP1). The study showed that sulfur/medicinal plant mediated nanoparticle can be a promising antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic and multiple drug resistance bacteria including both clinical isolates, its uses and practice should be encouraged especially against multiple drug resistance bacteria.

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