scholarly journals Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e20185851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werther Pereira Ramalho ◽  
Daniella Pereira Fagundes França ◽  
Vinicius Guerra ◽  
Rosy Marciano ◽  
Nilton Carlos Do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reptile Species

Studies in remnants of semi-deciduous seasonal forest of the Cerrado are needed to fill sampling gaps and improve basic knowledge of biodiversity. This study presents data on the herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, one of the last protected areas of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado. Fourteen sites were sampled between March 2007 and April 2008 using pitfall traps and active searches. A total of 35 anuran species were recorded, most of which were found in hygrophilous environments near forest fragments, open areas and riparian or gallery forest. A total of 29 reptile species were recorded, most of which were found in semi-deciduous forest and riparian or gallery forest. Fourteen of the amphibians and five of the reptiles are endemic to the Cerrado. The richness of amphibians and reptiles found in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco is regionally representative, with communities typical of forest environments.

scholarly journals Frugivory and potential of birds as dispersers of Siparuna guianensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF. Gonçalves ◽  
AM. Silva ◽  
CQ. Baesse ◽  
C. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Dispersal Agent ◽  
Seed Dispersers

Siparuna guianensis is a neotropical tree species, found both on edge and interior of forest fragments, mainly on understory and regeneration areas. The fruit are zoochorous with a sweet aril. This work aims to determine the bird species that eat the fruits of S. guianensis in a semi deciduous forest fragment in Brazilian Cerrado and measure which species have the highest potential as seed dispersers. Seven individuals of S. guianensis were sampled, totaling 69 hours. A hundred and fifty four visits were registered by seven species of birds. Antilophia galeata had the biggest potential as seed dispersal agent. Antilophia galeata, Lanio penicillatus and Dacnis cayana can be important seed dispersers, since they have a high consumption and visitation rate. The consumption of S. guianensis by species of different feeding guilds can be an important strategy for dispersal of plant species in regeneration habitats, raising the chances of an effective dispersal.

scholarly journals Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Ricardo José da Silva ◽  
Izaias Médice Fernandes ◽  
Wesley Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Although dung beetles are important members of ecological communities and indicators of ecosystem quality, species diversity, and how it varies over space and habitat types, remains poorly understood in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared dung beetle communities among plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling (by baited pitfall and flight-interception traps) was carried out in 2012 in the Park in four habitat types: two different savanna formations (typical and open) and two forest formations (seasonally deciduous and gallery). A total of 5,400 individuals collected comprised 57 species in 22 genera. Typical savanna had the greatest species richness and abundance, followed by open savanna and deciduous forest, while the gallery forest had the fewest species but high abundance. Tunnelers (one of three main nesting behavior guilds) showed the greatest richness and abundance (except in the gallery forest, where one dweller species was extremely abundant) in all plant formations. We found that species richness and abundance of the dung beetle community are influenced by differences among plant formations. Habitat heterogeneity in the different plant formations along with anthropic influences (fire, habitat fragmentation) are cited as important factors that explain guild and species richness and distribution patterns. These results emphasize the importance of protected areas, such as SASP, for the maintenance and conservation of species diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Intramitochondrial Viruses of Reptilian Cell Origin

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Philip D. Lunger ◽  
H. Fred Clark
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vipera Russelli ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Type Particle

In the course of fine structure studies of spontaneous “C-type” particle production in a viper (Vipera russelli) spleen cell line, designated VSW, virus particles were frequently observed within mitochondria. The latter were usually enlarged or swollen, compared to virus-free mitochondria, and displayed a considerable degree of cristae disorganization.Intramitochondrial viruses measure 90 to 100 mμ in diameter, and consist of a nucleoid or core region of varying density and measuring approximately 45 mμ in diameter. Nucleoid density variation is presumed to reflect varying degrees of condensation, and hence maturation stages. The core region is surrounded by a less-dense outer zone presumably representing viral capsid.Particles are usually situated in peripheral regions of the mitochondrion. In most instances they appear to be lodged between loosely apposed inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

Protected areas and unpaved roads mediate habitat use of the giant anteater in anthropogenic landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia F Versiani ◽  
Larissa L Bailey ◽  
Nielson Pasqualotto ◽  
Thiago F Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta M Paolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Model Average

Abstract The drastic reduction of the Brazilian Cerrado has transformed this savanna hotspot into vast swaths of commodity-based agriculture fields, mainly soybean, sugarcane, and beef-production pasturelands. The resulting habitat loss and fragmentation are the principal factors underlying population decline of native species inhabiting the Cerrado, particularly those with a high demand for space, low population density, and specialized diet, such as the endangered giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Although the species has been studied in protected areas, we know much less about its ability to endure in disturbed landscapes. Here, we analyzed camera-trapping data to estimate a proxy of habitat use (ψ^; occupancy) and detection probabilities of the giant anteater, identifying environmental covariates influencing these parameters in landscapes with intensive agriculture and commercial forestry. We found this species using about half of the study area (model average ψ^ = 0.51, CI = 0.40–0.62), with two predictors strongly influencing habitat use: protected areas and unpaved roads. In turn, detection probability correlates positively with area of open Cerrado and negatively with area of settlements. The species is more likely to use unpaved roads inside protected areas (ψ^ = 0.90, CI = 0.47–0.75), compared to off road sites in the surrounding areas (ψ^ = 0.19, CI = 0.10–0.34). Our findings indicate that giant anteaters are dependent on nature reserves and native vegetation areas existing on private properties, whose protection is regulated by the Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law. Given the relative paucity of state-owned protected areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, increasing the adherence of rural owners to this law is, therefore, key for the conservation of the giant anteater. The intense use of unpaved roads might reflect travelling and/or foraging optimization, a behavioral response that, nevertheless, may compound this species’ susceptibility to suffer mortality from roadkill.

scholarly journals On the Nature of R 136, the Central Object of 30 Dor. A Comparison by the Galactic Cluster NGC 3603

1984 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
Michael Rosa ◽  
Jorge Melnick ◽  
Preben Grosbol
Keyword(s):  
Core Region ◽  
H Ii Regions ◽  
Central Object ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Galactic Cluster ◽  
H Ii Region

The massive H II region NGC 3603 is the closest galactic counterpart to the giant LMC nebula 30 Dor. Walborn (1973) first compared the ionizing OB/WR clusters of the two H II regions and suggested that R 136, the unresolved luminous WR + 0 type central object of 30 Dor, might be a multiple system like the core region of NGC 3603. Suggestions that the dominant component of R 136, i.e. R 136A, might be either a single or a very few supermassive and superluminous stars (Schmidt-Kaler and Feitzinger 1982, Savage et al. 1983) have recently been disputed by Moffat and Seggewiss (1983) and Melnick (1983), who have presented spectroscopic and photometric evidence to support the hypothesis of an unresolved cluster of stars. We have extended Walborn's original comparison of the apparent morphology of the two clusters by digital treatment of the images to simulate how the galactic cluster would look like if it were located in the LMC

Reconstruction of the last three millennia South American Monsoon variability over the Amazon basin using speleothem isotope records 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Eduarda Della Libera de Godoy ◽  
Valdir F. Novello ◽  
Francisco William Cruz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Core Region ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
The Core

<p>South American Monsoon System (SAMS) and its main feature, the South American Convergence Zone (SACZ) are responsible for the major distribution of moisture in South America. The current work presents a novel high-resolution oxygen isotope record (δ<sup>18</sup>O) based on speleothems from southwest Amazon basin (Brazil), right at SAMS' core region and SACZ onset, where there is still a gap of high resolution paleoclimate records. The novel δ<sup>18</sup>O record presents an average of 3 year-resolution, composed by 1344 stable isotope analysis performed in two speleothems with a well-resolved chronology (37 U/Th ages) with average errors <1%. This work aims to describe the rainfall variability of the core region of the South American monsoon for the last 3k years and to take a broader look at precipitation patterns over Amazon basin. The Rondônia δ18O record shows three main stages throughout this time period. The first is from -1000 to ~400 CE, where it’s in accordance with most of other paleorecords from the Amazon basin. the second segment  is from ~400 to 1200 CE, when there is a continuous increase in the δ18O record until it reaches its highest values around 850 CE during the MCA (800-1200 CE), which is in accordance with western Amazon records, whilst the record in eastern Amazon presents an opposite trend. Thus, a precipitation dipole over Amazon emerges from ~400 CE onwards, majorly triggered by anomalous climate changes such as MCA, where western (eastern) Amazon is drier (wetter). During LIA (1450-1800 CE), on the other hand, Rondônia record presents its lowest values, also agreeing with western records and with records under the influence of SACZ whilst on eastern Amazon a drier period is established. Therefore, with this novel paleoclimate record located at the core region of SAMS, it's possible to evidence the dynamics of the precipitation dipole over the Amazon region, as well as understand the SACZ intensity variations.</p>

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