Effects of credit rating changes on capital structure of Latin American firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e154005
Author(s):  
Thiago Botta Paschoal ◽  
Matheus da Costa Gomes ◽  
Mauricio Ribeiro do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Rating Changes ◽  
Rating Downgrades

This study investigates whether non-financial Latin American firms adjust their capital structure in order to maintain certain rating levels. The credit rating-capital structure (CR-CS) hypothesis suggests that firms assume less debt after rating downgrades, aiming to retrieve necessary conditions to restore a better rating. Through panel data analysis for the 2000-2014 period and by using the generalized method of moments (GMM), we show that a rating downgrade does not accelerate the speed of adjustment to the target, indicating that firms do not target minimum rating levels, as predicted by the CR-CS hypothesis. Although, rating changes are related to firms’ capital structure, we conclude that Latin American firms do not adjust their capital structure to maintain certain rating levels.

scholarly journals CAPITAL STRUCTURE DETERMINANTS: EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE AND EGYPT STOCK EXCHANGES

IKONOMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Abdul Razak Abdul Hadi ◽  
Tulus Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Tax Shield ◽  
Debt Tax Shield

Abstract -This study is driven by the motivation to examine the capital structure determinants for Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) and Egypt Stock Exchange (EGX). Within the framework of capital structure theories, this study uses Generalized Method of Moments (GMM,1982) as an estimation model employing quarterly panel data analysis during the observed period from 2008 till 2012. The test results from GMM indicate that all the examined determinants have significant relationship with leverage. It has a negative value with liquidity, non-debt tax shield, profitability, size and growth. The Egyptian firms have some uniqueness in its trend. Current assets, debt ratio and liquidity behave positively with leverage except for growth. The other tested determinants in Egyptian companies are found to be not significant. 

scholarly journals UNOBSERVABLE EFFECTS AND SPEED OF ADJUSTMENT TO TARGET CAPITAL STRUCTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolaji Tunde Matemilola ◽  
Bany Ariffin Amin Noordin ◽  
Wan Azman Saini Wan Ngah ◽  
Annuar Md Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Managerial Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
System Gmm ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Cross

The paper investigates whether unobservable firm-specific effects such as managerial ability is a major component of the target capital structure. We apply the system generalized method of moments that accounts for unobservable firm-specific effects. Our results reveal that unobservable firm-specific effects such as managerial ability are a major component that explains most of the cross-sectional variation in firms’ capital structure in Malaysia.Keywords: Capital Structure; Unobservable Effects; System GMM; Malaysia.

Credit Rating Changes and Leverage Adjustments: Concurrent or Continual?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Maung ◽  
Reza H. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Rating Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rating Downgrades

Prior research has shown that credit downgrades affect firm's capital structure decision. However, after adjusting for biases associated with the use of market debt ratio and after controlling for simultaneity between credit ratings and leverage, we find that rating upgrades also play a role in firms' leverage. Contrary to previously reported findings, our evidence also indicates that the effect of rating downgrades on capital structure lasts for more than just one year.

scholarly journals Determinants of Basmati Exports from Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Munwar Hayat ◽  
Raheela Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to estimate the impact of different factors of basmati exports from Pakistan to its trading partner. Results are obtained by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and panel data methodology with a sample of 22 countries for the period of 2003-2019. To estimate the impact of different variables on basmati exports Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model is used on the panel dataset. The results revealed that the inflation rate of Pakistan has a negative and significant effect on the export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. The exchange rate of Pakistan has a positive and significant impact on the basmati export, the population of Pakistan has a negative and significant impact on basmati export. Basmati production in Pakistan also has a significant and negative impact on basmati export. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan has a significant and positive impact on the basmati export while the GDP of the trading partner has a significant and negative impact on the basmati export. The dummy variable for joint border also has a positive and significant impact on basmati exports of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Determinants of Firm Capital Structure: Empirical Evidence From Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hieu Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Anh Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper aims to investigate the factors affecting firm capital structure in the context of Vietnam. The research sample includes 290 non-financial listed companies on Vietnamese stock market. This study applied Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to explain the research results. The paper investigates six factors influencing on firm capital structure including return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), firm size, tangible assets, risks, and growth. The empirical results show that return on assets, tangible assets, risks, and growth have a statistically significant positive effect on the firm capital structure while return on equity has a statistically significant negative effect on the firm capital structure. In addition, when dividing companies into sectors, the study realized that determinants of capital structure in some sectors are consistent with results for entire sample. Finally, firm size has the same impact on capital structure in oil & gas companies and material companies whereas it is not statistically significant for other companies. These evidences provide a new insight to managers on how to determine the reasonable capital structure.

scholarly journals Determinants of Capital Structure for Malaysian Shariah-Compliant Firms: The Impact of Revised Screening Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfhadzilahwati Rahim ◽  
Fauzias Mat Nor ◽  
Nurainna Ramli ◽  
Ainulashikin Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable ◽  
Target Leverage ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates two main objectives. Firstly, the determinants of capital structure were examined for each sector among Malaysian Shariah-compliant firms, and whether the inclusion of Islamic debt (leverage 1 and leverage 2) has led to different results due to changes in the screening methodology. Secondly, this paper analyzes the target Capital Structure and Speed of Adjustment for both before and after the Revised Screening Methodology. This study employs panel data analysis by using generalized method of moment (GMM). The sample consists of 192 Shariah-compliant companies in Malaysia during the period of 1999 to 2017. The results demonstrated that the firm has target capital structure and identified specific determinants that have affected the capital structure of Shariah-compliant firms in Malaysia. Moreover, the findings have also revealed certain implications toward large firms. Large firms tend to generate more income and profit, however at the same time, these firms require more debt to support investment activities. Hence, with regards to profitability, this study identified a negative relationship between profitability and leverage for Shariah-compliant firms for all sectors. Shariah-compliant firms with high profitability will use a lower leverage in their financial activities. Thus, the results strongly support the pecking order theory. Other than that, this study found that the lagged dependent variable (lagged leverage 1 and leverage 2) presented a positive significance, and concluded that the speed of adjustment takes approximately 2 years. This suggests that the Shariah-compliant firms close approximately by 30% to 70% of the gap between current and target capital structure within one and two years. Furthermore, the findings on the target leverage level imply that after the revised screening methodology was introduced in November 2013, the speed of adjustment became faster than before the implementation of the new screening methodology. Thus, it is important for management to maintain the target leverage during financial decision making, which in turn strengthens the firm’s Shariah-compliant financial stability and sustainability, and continue to remain listed as Shariah-compliant securities. This paper provides an overview of capital structure behaviour in Malaysia.  

scholarly journals The Effect Of Financial Ratio On Company Value With Inflation As A Moderation Variable

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Herman Ruslim, Michael
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Company Value ◽  
Company Growth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study empirically examines the effect of capital structure, company growth, and profitability on firm value with inflation as a moderating variable in issuers in 2012-2015. The sample of this study was 245 issuers. The research method uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method. The result of this study is indicated that partially positive and significant effect on firm value (PBV) is the capital structure variable (DAR) and profitability (ROA), while company growth (growth) partially has a negative and no significant effect on firm value. Therefore, inflation moderates the effect of the relationship of profitability on firm value. The result of Simultaneous test showed that there is a significant effect of capital structure, company growth, profitability, and inflation simultaneously on firm value. This is indicated by the result of R-squared 19.3141% which indicated that variations in company value can be explained by variable capital structure, company growth, profitability and inflation of 19.3141% and the remaining 80.6859% explained by other factors.

Government expenditure and economic growth nexus in ECOWAS countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Olusegun Olaoye ◽  
Monica Orisadare ◽  
Ukafor Ukafor Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Autoregressive

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the direction of causality between government expenditure and economic growth in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts the recently developed panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) by Love and Abrrigo (2015) and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) in order to resolve the inherent problems of endogeneity and persistence in economic data. Findings The results from the study show no evidence of either unidirectional or bidirectional causal relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in ECOWAS member countries. Originality/value Unlike previous studies that adopted cointegration technique, we adopt a system GMM through the application of a dynamic PVAR framework within the framework of panel data analysis in order to address the possibility of feedback effect in the causal relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. In addition the PVAR also allows us to model shocks across countries.

Do Firms Target Credit Ratings or Leverage Levels?

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Kisgen
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Commercial Paper ◽  
Net Equity ◽  
Target Leverage ◽  
Rating Downgrades

AbstractFirms reduce leverage following credit rating downgrades. In the year following a downgrade, downgraded firms issue approximately 1.5%–2.0% less net debt relative to net equity as a percentage of assets compared to other firms. This relationship persists within an empirical model of target leverage behavior. The effect of a downgrade is larger at downgrades to a speculative grade rating and if commercial paper access is affected. In particular, firms downgraded to speculative are about twice as likely to reduce debt as other firms. Rating upgrades do not affect subsequent capital structure activity, suggesting that firms target minimum rating levels.

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