scholarly journals A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 16879-16884
Author(s):  
Mamparambath Subramanian Smitha ◽  
Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Species Being

An exhaustive study was conducted to document spider fauna in cashew orchards of the Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara, Kerala, India from January 2015 to July 2017.  A total of 63 species of spiders under 52 genera belonging to 14 families were recorded.  The most species-rich families were Salticidae and Araneidae representing 33 and 27 per cent, respectively, of the total spider fauna.  A guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, viz.: stalkers, orb-web builders, foliage runners, scattered line weavers, ground runners, and ambushers.  The occurrence of spiders was at a maximum during the monsoon with 59 species, followed by 26 during winter, 16 species during summer, and eight species being present all-round the year.  

Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the vicinity of Araabath Lake, Chennai, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15186-15193
Author(s):  
John T.D. Caleb
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Orb Web

This study documents the spider fauna in the vicinity of a suburban lake (Araabath Lake) in Chennai.  A total of 70 species of spiders belonging to 58 genera and 21 families were recorded.  Seven species are endemic to India and six are endemic to India and Sri Lanka.  Salticidae was the most dominant with 24 species belonging to 19 genera.  Guild structure analysis revealed seven feeding guilds of which, stalkers and orb-web weavers were the dominant feeding guilds followed by ground runners and ambushers, respectively. 

scholarly journals Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad, India with additional description of Eilica tikaderi (Platnick, 1976)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 9327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv A. Prajapati ◽  
Krunal R. Patel ◽  
Sandeep B. Munjpara ◽  
Shiva S. Chettiar ◽  
Devendrasinh D. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
First Time

We report a checklist of spiders based on a survey made from August 2013 to July 2014 in Gujarat University Campus, an urban area located in the middle of Ahmadabad City, Gujarat State. A total of 77 species of spiders belonging to 53 genera and 20 families of spiders were recorded from the study area represented by 31.74% of the total 63 families reported from India. Salticidae was found to be the most dominant family with 18 species from 14 genera. Guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, namely stalkers, orb-web builders, space-web builders, ambushers, foliage hunters and ground runners. Stalkers and orb-web builders were the most dominant feeding guilds representing 28.58% and 20.78% respectively among all studied guilds. Species Eilica tikaderi (Platnick, 1976) is reported for the first time from Gujarat with additional description and detailed genitalic illustrations.

scholarly journals Spiders of Kerala Agricultural University Campus, Thrissur, Kerala, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Adarsh ◽  
P. O. Nameer
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Orb Web

<p>A total of 86 species of spiders belonging to 56 genera of 20 families have been recorded from the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) campus, Thrissur, Kerala, southern India.  This represents 5.1% of the total spiders’ species and 33.33% of the total families of spiders recorded in India.  The dominant spider family at KAU campus is Araneidae with 18 species of nine genera. Salticidae is represented by 14 species of 13 genera.  Out of 252 endemic spiders of India, 16 have been reported from KAU campus.  Guild structure analysis shows spiders belonging to seven types of feeding guilds present in KAU campus.  Orb-web builders are the dominant feeding guild accounting for 34%, followed by stalkers (22%), ground runners (20%), ambushers (8%), scattered line weavers (8%), foliage runners (7%) and sheet-web builders (1%).</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Preliminary checklist of spider fauna (Araneae: Arachnida) of Chandranath Hill, Goa, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16597-16606
Author(s):  
Rupali Pandit ◽  
Mangirish Dharwadkar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Preliminary Study

The present investigation is a very first attempt to generate the checklist of spiders from Chandranath Hill, Paroda, Quepem, Goa.  A preliminary study was conducted from June 2018 to March 2020 to document the spider diversity from the region.  In all, 125 species of spiders belonging to 102 genera from 19 families were identified.  The dominant families were Salticidae followed by Araneidae.  Guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, namely, orb weavers, foliage runners, ground runners, stalkers, space-web builders and ambushers.  This study has not only highlighted the need for conservation of this ecosystem due to the significant species diversity and endemic species but has also filled the lacuna of spider study in Goa to form the foundation for further investigation.  Extensive research on the spiders from Chandranath Hill in the future can certainly expect further new discoveries.  

scholarly journals A preliminary checklist of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8703 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Adarsh ◽  
P. O. Nameer
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Kerala State

A preliminary study was conducted to document spider diversity in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala State in southern India.  The study was conducted from October to November 2012.  A total of 101 species of spiders belonging to 65 genera from 29 families were identified from the sanctuary.  This accounted for 6.98% of Indian spider species, 17.81% of Indian spider genera and 48.33% of the spider families of India.  The dominant families were Lycosidae (11 species) and Araneidae (10).  Two endemic genera of Indian spiders such as Annandaliella and Neoheterophrictus were found at Chinnar, each representing one species each, and belonging to the family Theraphosidae.  A guild structure analysis of the spiders revealed seven feeding guilds such as orb weavers, stalkers, ground runners, foliage runners, sheet web builders, space web builders and ambushers. 

scholarly journals Spider Diversity in Kavvayi River Basin, Kerala, Southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Alex Chembakassery Jose ◽  
Puthoor Pattammal Sudhin ◽  
Prejith Madasseril Prasad ◽  
Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Sreejith
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
Preliminary Study

Kavvayi river basin is a typical lateritic biotope situated in the Northern part of Kerala, which holds various ecological units such as lateritic vegetation, agro-ecosystems, seasonal pools, Grass lands, Kanams, Sacred groves, Mangrove marsh and riparian vegetation. Many of these microhabitats are unique in character and poorly documented. A preliminary study was conducted to document the diversity of spider fauna inhabiting in the different ecosystems of Kavvayi river basins. India is having 1,686 species of spiders belonging to 60 families and 438 genera, which constitutes 3.6% of world’s spider population. The present study resulted in the documentation of 112 species of spiders belonging to 81 genera and 21 families. Araneidae was the most dominant family which constitutes 21.5% of the total spider species collected. The second dominant family was Salticidae which constitutes 19.5% of total spider population. Guild structure analysis of the collected spiders revealed seven feeding guilds, namely stalkers, orb web builders, ambushers, foliage runners, space web builders, ground runners and wandering sheet weavers. The spider fauna of this ecosystem is qualitatively rich due to varied microhabitats, which supports high floral and faunal diversity. The present study suggests a detailed investigation at ecosystem level to understand the role of spiders in ecosystem function.

scholarly journals The impact of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed on feeding guilds of birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Jiří Reif
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlant invasions alter bird community composition worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms still require exploration. The investigation of feeding guild structure of bird communities can be informative in respect to the potential impact of invasion features on the availability of food for birds. For this purpose, we focused on determining the influence of the invasive Sosnowsky’s Hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi on the abundance of birds from various feeding guilds. In spring and summer 2019, birds were counted three times on 52 pairs of sites (control + Heracleum) in southern Poland, at various stages of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed development (i.e. sprouting, full growth and flowering, all corresponding to respective bird counts). We have shown that the presence of invader negatively affected the abundance of birds from all feeding guilds. However, a closer examination of the invaded sites uncovered that responses of particular guilds differed in respect to development stages expressed by a set of characteristics of the invader. Ground and herb insectivores were more common on plots with a higher number of the invader, while the abundance of bush and tree insectivores was negatively correlated with hogweeds’ height. Granivores were not affected by the invader’s features, while the abundance of omnivores was negatively related to the number of flowering hogweeds. Besides showing the general negative impact of the invader on different feeding guilds, our research has shown that certain aspects of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed invasion may support or depress occurrence of different birds on invaded plots. Knowledge of these aspects may facilitate our capacity for coping with challenges the invasive plants put in front of bird conservationists.

Digestive organ morphology, diet, and guild structure of North American Anatidae

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G. Barnes ◽  
Vernon G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Branta Bernicla ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis

Discriminant function, cluster, and covariate analyses of gizzard, small intestine, and ceca weights were used to quantify the structure of feeding guilds and the effects of diet on gut morphology for 18 species of North American anatids. Guild structure based on gut measurements closely approximated that identified by generalized feeding habits. Herbivorous species such as Brant (Branta bernicla), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Redheads (Aythya americana), Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), and Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) consistently had heavier gizzards and ceca than carnivorous species such as Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola), Oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis), and Common Mergansers (Mergus merganser). Omnivorous species such as Lesser Scaup (Aythya afftnis), Greater Scaup (Aythya marila), and American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) were characterized by heavy gizzards, intermediate ceca, and heavy intestines. The results provide further evidence that intestine size is primarily influenced by overall diet diversity and suggest that gut size may be used to indicate general food habits. The ability of waterfowl to adjust gut sizes and accommodate dietary changes is restricted to ranges dictated by the most frequently eaten foods. Thus, predictions of general food habits can be made without knowledge of the foods being consumed at a particular time and location.

Substituted Ruthenium Triammine Complexes: The Crystal Structure of Triammineaqua(pentane-2,4-dionato)ruthenium(III) Dithionate Dihydrate, [Ru(NH3)3:(acac)(OH2)][S2O6].2H2O

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Diamantis ◽  
PS Moritz ◽  
MR Snow ◽  
ERT Tiekink
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
Ruthenium Atom ◽  
Species Being

The complex [ Ru (NH3)3( acac )(OH2)]2+ was obtained by the reaction of [ Ru (NH3)3(H2O)3][CF3SO3]3 with pentane-2,4-dione. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with a 7.805(4), b 12.997(4), c 17.479(13) Ǻ, U 1773.1 Ǻ3 with Z 4. The structure was refined by a full-matrix least-squares method on 827 reflections [for which I ≥ 2.5σ(I)] to final R 0.042 and Rw 0.043. The structure analysis reveals an almost perfect octahedral coordination around the ruthenium atom with the three ammine ligands attached in a facial arrangement. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies are consistent with the same species being present in dilute solution.

scholarly journals Spider diversity (Arachnida; Araneae) in different plantations of Western Ghats, Wayanad region, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathima P Shabnam ◽  
Smija M K ◽  
Sruthi Rajeevan ◽  
Puthanpurayil K Prasadan ◽  
Ambalaparambil V Sudhikumar
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Western Ghats

The study was conducted to explore the spider diversity in different plantations of Western Ghats Wayanad, Kerala state, India. The investigation was carried out for the period from February 2019 to February 2020. A total of 100 species belonging to 74 genera under 20 families were recorded from the selected habitats. This represents 51% families recorded from the Western Ghats, Kerala. The highest species richness was found in the coffee plantation (site A) with 56 species belonging to 12 families. The tea plantation (site B) recorded 27 species belonging to 11 families. The rubber plantation (site C) showed the lowest species richness with 17 species belonging to ten families. Guild structure analyses of the collected spiders revealed nine functional groups viz.., orb-web builders, stalkers, ambushers, cob-web builders, ground runners, foliage runners, tent web builders, sheet-web builders and funnel web builders. The pattern and the architecture of webs varied among different families. During the period of study, five different web patterns were recorded- orb web, tent web, cob web, sheet web and funnel web. It is concluded that the structure of the vegetation is expected to influence the diversity of spiders in different plantations.

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