scholarly journals The impact of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed on feeding guilds of birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Jiří Reif
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlant invasions alter bird community composition worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms still require exploration. The investigation of feeding guild structure of bird communities can be informative in respect to the potential impact of invasion features on the availability of food for birds. For this purpose, we focused on determining the influence of the invasive Sosnowsky’s Hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi on the abundance of birds from various feeding guilds. In spring and summer 2019, birds were counted three times on 52 pairs of sites (control + Heracleum) in southern Poland, at various stages of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed development (i.e. sprouting, full growth and flowering, all corresponding to respective bird counts). We have shown that the presence of invader negatively affected the abundance of birds from all feeding guilds. However, a closer examination of the invaded sites uncovered that responses of particular guilds differed in respect to development stages expressed by a set of characteristics of the invader. Ground and herb insectivores were more common on plots with a higher number of the invader, while the abundance of bush and tree insectivores was negatively correlated with hogweeds’ height. Granivores were not affected by the invader’s features, while the abundance of omnivores was negatively related to the number of flowering hogweeds. Besides showing the general negative impact of the invader on different feeding guilds, our research has shown that certain aspects of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed invasion may support or depress occurrence of different birds on invaded plots. Knowledge of these aspects may facilitate our capacity for coping with challenges the invasive plants put in front of bird conservationists.

Australian female athlete perceptions of the challenges associated with training and competing when menstrual symptoms are present

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
Mike Armour ◽  
Kelly A Parry ◽  
Kylie Steel ◽  
Caroline A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Menstrual Symptoms ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Coaches consider various competencies (e.g. conditioning, nutrition, skills and tactics), when planning sessions, though rarely the impact of menstruation on the efficacy of training and competition performance for athletes. Given the impact menstrual symptoms can have on athletes, the management strategies that athletes may use to minimise any potential impact, and the mechanisms that provide barriers to greater coach athlete interaction require investigation and consideration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the strategies used by athletes to manage menstrual symptoms and the role coaches played in this process. An anonymous, 36-item questionnaire was developed and hosted on Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistics were used to analyse the data. One hundred and twenty-four valid responses from Australian athletes 16–45, with a mean age of 29 years, were received. Period pain (82%) and pre-menstrual symptoms (83%) were commonly reported and contributed to fatigue and to perceived reductions in performance during or just prior to the period (50.0% in training, 58.7% on ‘game day’). Contraceptive use was reported by 42% of athletes. Those reporting heavy menstrual bleeding (29.7%) were more likely to report increased fatigue (relative risk 1.6, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.32). Over three-quarters of athletes reported neither they nor their coaches altered training due to the menstrual cycle. Most athletes (76%) did not discuss menstruation with their coaches. Given the perceived negative impact on performance and potential risks with contraceptive usage during adolescence, coaches, trainers and athletes need to have a more open dialogue around the menstrual cycle.

What Do We Know (and Need to Know) about the Impact of School Choice Reforms on Disadvantaged Students?

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Goldhaber ◽  
Eric Eide
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Traditional Public Schools ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Urban School Systems ◽  
The Impact

In this article, Dan Goldhaber and Eric Eide consider what we do and do not know about the impact of school choice, focusing particularly on the potential impact of choice on minority students in urban school settings. They observe that many argue that school choice is a necessary component of any educational reform designed to improve educational outcomes for students. While public pressure has yielded a tremendous expansion of choice options, Goldhaber and Eide contend that the empirical evidence on the academic effects of school choice reforms is mixed. They propose that relatively little evidence exists that these schools are having a clear-cut positive or negative impact on the achievement of either the students who attend them or those who remain in traditional public schools. They conclude that the mixed evidence on choice suggests that choice in and of itself is unlikely to be the solution that revolutionizes urban school systems.

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN WEST AFRICA: A BIO-ECONOMIC MODELING APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950015
Author(s):  
BORIS O. K. LOKONON ◽  
AKLESSO Y. G. EGBENDEWE ◽  
NAGA COULIBALY ◽  
CALVIN ATEWAMBA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of climate change on agriculture in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). To that end, a bio-economic model is built and calibrated on 2004 base year dataset and the potential impact is evaluated on land use and crop production under two representative concentration pathways coupled with three socio-economic scenarios. The findings suggest that land use change may depend on crop types and prevailing future conditions. As of crop production, the results show that paddy rice, oilseeds, sugarcane, cocoa, coffee, and sesame production could experience a decline under both moderate and harsh climate conditions in most cases. Also, doubling crop yields by 2050 could overall mitigate the negative impact of moderate climate change. The magnitude and the direction of the impacts may vary in space and time.

scholarly journals Temperate forest bird communities associated with a historic mining impact area: do tailing remnant effects modify their structure?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Katia Lemus ◽  
José Fernando Villaseñor-Gómez ◽  
Francisco Roberto Pineda-Huerta ◽  
Javier Salgado-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Ecological Processes

AbstractBirds contribute to the stability of ecosystems and represent a tool used to evaluate a variety of anthropogenic impacts. The area known as El Oro-Tlalpujahua Mining District in central Mexico was subjected to significant environmental impacts as a result of ore extraction, including profound habitat transformations, landscape changes, and the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in their tailings (favoring its bioavailability and dispersion). After more than 60 years without extractive activities, there is no knowledge on extant remaining impacts on biological communities. Assuming the presence of negative impacts on birds, we compared the composition and abundance of bird communities in two locations, representing a site without exposure to tailings (S1) and another one with tailings deposition (S2). From June 2014 to June 2015, we recorded 2828 individuals of 108 avian species in 369 point counts (S1 = 91, S2 = 95). The Chao1 indicator suggested we recorded 96% of the species present. We found a high similarity in the general composition and abundance of bird species between communities (> 85%). However, there were significant differences in the abundances of 18 species (9 of them higher in the control site); these differences might result from differential effects of potentially toxic elements on functional groups (such as feeding guilds), resource availability, as well as other factors not accounted for. Historically, mining activities in the area generated significant changes in the structure and composition of the forest, and disrupted ecological processes. Despite the fact that current conditions appear favorable to the relative stability of the bird community, specific physiological effects on some species of birds sixty years after the cessation of mineral extraction could occur. Further studies on physiological performance and the effects of potentially toxic elements on local birds could unveil unknown effects at the individual level.

scholarly journals Foot and Ankle Characteristics in Gout: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Gout has a predilection for the foot and ankle, but the impact of gout has limited presence in the literature. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise existing literature which has investigated the characteristics of foot and ankle involvement in gout; identifying consensus and highlighting areas for further study. Methods: Studies were included if they were published in English and involved participants over 18 years of age with gout, and presented original findings relating to outcome measures associated with the foot and ankle. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified version of the Quality Index Tool. Results. Of 707 studies identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The mean (range) quality score was 68.1% (38.9%-88.9%). Compared to controls, participants with gout reported higher levels of activity limitation, foot-related pain and disability and walked more slowly. Plain radiography, dual-energy Computer Tomography and diagnostic ultrasound consistently demonstrated pathological features of gout in the first metatarsophalangeal joint and Achilles tendon. However, studies offered limited quality, particularly around recruitment strategies, validity and potential impact of confounding factors, making definitive statements difficult. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the negative impact of gout on the structure and function of the foot and ankle causing significant impairment and disability. To effectively guide management, improvements in methodological quality are recommended.

Gossip is a fearful thing: the impact of negative workplace gossip on knowledge hiding

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1755-1775
Author(s):  
Zhu Yao ◽  
Jinlian Luo ◽  
Xianchun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The crucial role of knowledge sharing in an organization has become even more crucial lately, resulting in garnering more attention by scholars. In reality, while several organizations expect their employees to share knowledge with colleagues actively, many choose to hide their knowledge when asked for help. This study aims to explore whether negative workplace gossip (NWG) affects employee knowledge hiding (KH), as well as analyzes whether relational identification (RI) and interpersonal trust (IT) play a chain mediating role between the two, and discusses whether forgiveness climate (FC) could be used as a boundary condition in the relationships mentioned above. Design/methodology/approach Based on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and the cognitive–affective personality system (CAPS) theory, the authors surveyed 326 employees in China at 2 time-points and explored the correlation between NWG and KH, as well as the underlying mechanism. Using confirmatory factor analysis, bootstrapping method and structural equation model, the authors validated the research hypotheses. Findings The findings revealed the following: NWG negatively correlates with KH; RI and IT play a mediation role between NWG and KH, respectively, and both variables also play a chain mediation role in the relationship mentioned above; and FC moderates the negative impact of NWG on RI, further moderating the chain mediation between RI and IT and between NWG and KH. Originality/value First, this study established the correlation between NWG and KH, as well as analyzed the internal mechanism between the two. Besides, this study adds to scholars’ understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which these effects could occur. Second, this study demonstrated the moderating effect of FC – a situational feature that has been neglected in previous studies. Furthermore, this study can not only complement the situational factors ignored in previous studies but also broaden the application scope of CAPS. Finally, this study effectively combines COR and CAPS, which provides a basis for the application of these two theories in the future.

scholarly journals Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6629
Author(s):  
Umberto Tarantino ◽  
Ida Cariati ◽  
Chiara Greggi ◽  
Elena Gasbarra ◽  
Alberto Belluati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Cigarette smoking has a negative impact on the skeletal system, as it reduces bone mass and increases fracture risk through its direct or indirect effects on bone remodeling. Recent evidence demonstrates that smoking causes an imbalance in bone turnover, making bone vulnerable to osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Moreover, cigarette smoking is known to have deleterious effects on fracture healing, as a positive correlation between the daily number of cigarettes smoked and years of exposure has been shown, even though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. It is also well known that smoking causes several medical/surgical complications responsible for longer hospital stays and a consequent increase in the consumption of resources. Smoking cessation is, therefore, highly advisable to prevent the onset of bone metabolic disease. However, even with cessation, some of the consequences appear to continue for decades afterwards. Based on this evidence, the aim of our review was to evaluate the impact of smoking on the skeletal system, especially on bone fractures, and to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the impairment of fracture healing. Since smoking is a major public health concern, understanding the association between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of bone disease is necessary in order to identify potential new targets for intervention.

scholarly journals Multi-cohort stand structure as a coarse filter of variation in mixedwood boreal bird communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike V.A. Burrell ◽  
Jay R. Malcolm ◽  
Pierre Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weibull Parameters ◽  
Partial Harvest

In targeting mature and over-mature forests for harvesting, management in the boreal forest has resulted in a net loss of older forests that often exhibit complex structural variation and multiple cohorts of trees. Multi-cohort forest management has been proposed as a management approach for these older forests that maintains structural wildlife habitat attributes. At the stand level, the approach relies on various partial harvest techniques to emulate the range of structural variation found in natural boreal landscapes. Here, we examine the extent to which boreal bird communities respond to multi-cohort-related structural variation in boreal mixedwood forests. In particular, we test the utility of parameters of Weibull distributions fitted to stand stem diameter distributions, which have figured prominently in methods to characterize multi-cohort structure, to explain variation in the entire bird community and in various species groupings defined by feeding guilds and forest-type associations. We also compare the explanatory power of the two Weibull parameters against 21 forest structure variables and stand age. In general, Weibull parameters outperformed stand age as a correlate of bird community variation and they were significant explanatory variables for the matrix of all species and for four species groupings, whereas age was significant for only one species grouping. When one or the other Weibull parameter was significant, it also tended to be significant even when variation due to the other was partialled out, supporting the importance not only of forest stature, but also of forest heterogeneity in understanding bird community composition. Thus, we found that multi-cohort-associated structural variation was important in explaining variation among boreal bird communities, supporting the idea of silvicultural approaches that aim at diversifying stand structural characteristics.

scholarly journals Conservation status, feeding guilds, and diversity of birds in Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18738-18751
Author(s):  
M.N. Harisha ◽  
K.S. Abdul Samad ◽  
B.B. Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Term Monitoring

The present study was carried out to investigate the importance of habitat quality for the diversity, distribution, and abundance of avifauna in Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Ballari District from February 2015 to January 2016. A total number of 189 species of birds, belonging to 62 families and 18 orders were recorded during the survey. A family-wise analysis showed that the families Accipitridae (12 species), followed by Muscicapidae (11 species), Ardeidae & Alaudidae (8 species each), and Cuculidae (7 species) dominated the avifauna of the region. The residential status of birds revealed that 74% (140 species) were resident, 23% (44 species) were winter, 2% (3 species) were summer and 1% (2 species) was passage migrant’s species. The study resulted in the recording of fives globally Near Threatened category, viz, Painted Stork, Black-headed Ibis, Oriental Darter, River Tern, and Pallid Harrier; and two Vulnerable species, viz, Yellow-throated Bulbul and Woolly-necked Stork. The feeding guild analysis revealed that the insectivorous guild has the most number of recorded avian species (33%, 63 species), followed by carnivorous (31%, 58 species) and least by nectarivorous (1%, 2 species). This study provides baseline data for monitoring the avifauna in the sanctuary and demonstrates the importance of the area in bird conservation. The study also highlights the negative impact of anthropogenic activities as the main cause for the loss of diversity of both birds and their habitat and the urgent need to conserve this biodiversity-rich area with long-term monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Spiders of Kerala Agricultural University Campus, Thrissur, Kerala, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Adarsh ◽  
P. O. Nameer
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Orb Web

<p>A total of 86 species of spiders belonging to 56 genera of 20 families have been recorded from the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) campus, Thrissur, Kerala, southern India.  This represents 5.1% of the total spiders’ species and 33.33% of the total families of spiders recorded in India.  The dominant spider family at KAU campus is Araneidae with 18 species of nine genera. Salticidae is represented by 14 species of 13 genera.  Out of 252 endemic spiders of India, 16 have been reported from KAU campus.  Guild structure analysis shows spiders belonging to seven types of feeding guilds present in KAU campus.  Orb-web builders are the dominant feeding guild accounting for 34%, followed by stalkers (22%), ground runners (20%), ambushers (8%), scattered line weavers (8%), foliage runners (7%) and sheet-web builders (1%).</p><div> </div>

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